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Social classes in america essay
Social class & education usa
Social classes in america essay
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Many social classes within society today receive little attention, but one class within America and in other powerful states that receive benefits and are a constant conversation of state politics are the war veterans of a nation. The same can be spoken of the Soviet Union during the Brezhnev area, as many of these soldiers were loyal cadres to the communist system, and received many privileges of the state. In the book “The Fur Hat” this class is represented by Pytor Nikolaevich Lukin, a prominent member of the writers’ union who will be discussed within the essay. How did the members of this class affect society during the Brezhnev era? War veterans from the Soviet Union were principle actors who oversaw policy planning within the government …show more content…
Lukin is a man who started out as a man who was born in the Soviet Union and was imprisoned during the great purges, rehabilitated, and then instituted a medal for his loyalty. “And the party appreciated his devotion… it had got him this job with the writers” Many of those who survived the purges were considered stalwart, and despite suffering, were still loyal to the communist cause. Lukin also fought in many campaigns, “he knew that he belonged in every fiber of his being, body, and soul, only to the security system… the party and the system were one for him” These men were devoted to the ideologies of old and wanted only the best for the system because they were heroes and did all they can to serve the Soviet Union. Lukin obtained a position as the Moscow Division Secretary of organizational affairs, and even if it was not his specialty, he was glad to serve the system in any he could. The implementation of war veterans to positions that they were unqualified could lead to inefficiencies within the economy and society. It was proven that the planned economy and foreign policy of the Soviet Union did not fare so well, and in theory are the result of those who control the …show more content…
Yefim who is a writer and the main character of the book was not in awe at all with Lukin. “He belonged to a breed of men which, thank god, has practically become extinct in our country.” The lack of good planning within the government lead to the poor quality of consumer products and economic reform. Youth would rather own products from western capitalist states than own products from the fatherland. Communism which was a beam of society in old times waxed cold with Brezhnev’s generation. This has much to do with the influences of western society and Brezhnev’s take on governing, but blame may go around to those within the party that felt Stalin reforms and policy making was still the best solution to solving problems. Men like Lukin tried to prevent Yefim, who went against the norm of society, from damaging society, but could not stop the fire within
This was, of course, only a humorous exaggeration, a case of political satire. Yet beneath the humor, there lies a very profound testament to the belief that Russia's political culture has been inherited from its czarist days and manifested throughout its subsequent development. The traditions from the pre-Revolution and pre-1921 Russia, it seems, had left its brand on the 70-years of Communist rule. The Soviet communism system was at once a foreign import from Germany and a Russian creation: "on the one hand it is international and a world phenomenon; on the other hand it is national and Russian…it was Russian history which determined its limits and shaped its character." (Berdyaev, "Origin")
During one of the therapy and wit sessions between Rivers and Prior at Craiglockhart, we discover that class struggle is an issue plaguing Prior. Pat Barker introduces the reference to Bolsheviks on page 135 in order to have her readers strictly denounce the caste system of British society, both for the soldiers returning home, and also the women who continued to be victims of the same system in Britain during World War One.
New York, Replika Press Pvt. Ltd. Deutscher, Isaac, Ed 1967. The Unfinished Revolution Russia1917-1967. U.S.A. Oxford University Press. Fitzpatrick, Sheila, Ed 1982.The Russian Revolution.
In conclusion, many soviets citizens appeared to believe that Stalin’s positive contributions to the U.S.S.R. far outweigh his monstrous acts. These crimes have been down played by many of Stalin’s successors as they stress his achievements as collectivizer, industrializer, and war leader. Among those citizens who harbor feelings of nostalgia, Stalin’s strength, authority , and achievement contrast sharply with the pain and suffering of post-revolutionary Russia.
...at lacked experience and depth. As a result, the once successful Communist army was being slowly depleted and therefore damaged the spirits of the former Bolsheviks and the Communist Party.
The cold war was failed by the Soviet Union for many reasons, including the sudden collapse of communism (Baylis & Smith, 2001.) This sudden collapse of communism was brought on ultimately by internal factors. The soviet unions president Gorbachev’s reforms: glasnost (openness) and perestroika (political reconstructering) ultimately caused the collapse of the Soviet Empire. Gorbachev’s basics for glasnost were the promotion of principles of freedom to criticize; the loosening of controls on media and publishing; and the freedom of worship. His essentials of perestroika were, a new legislature; creation of an executive presidency; ending of the ‘leading role’ of the communist party; allowing state enterprises to sell part of their product on the open market; lastly, allowing foreign companies to own Soviet enterprises (Baylis & Smith, 2001.) Gorbachev believed his reforms would benefit his country, but the Soviet Union was ultimately held together by the soviet tradition he was trying to change. The Soviet Union was none the less held together by “…powerful central institutions, pressure for ideological conformity, and the threat of force.
The effects of the purges on the political structure and community of the USSR can be described (as Peter Kenez asserts) as an overall change from a party led dictatorship to the dictatorship of a single individual; Stalin. Overall power was centred in Stalin, under whom an increasingly bureaucratic hierarchy of party officials worked. During the purges Stalin's personal power can be seen to increase at the cost of the party's. It could be argued that this increasing power for the single leader drawn from his party was due to the need for fast, decisive and unquestioned leadership of the type needed in battle. After all Russia was portrayed by the Soviet propaganda machine as being at war with its own industrial backwardness as workers were urged to industrial `fronts'. If the period of the 1930s is considered, it was a time of crisis. The building tension due to the rise of Nazi Germany making European foreign politics a risky place to navigate, the economic onslaught at home in Russia and the economic depression in the rest of the world making the times harsh. This change then could be argued as being beneficial to the USSR as only a single individual can provide the strong leadership needed, amongst a large group of individuals disputes would hinder the decision making process. However, the idea of the...
At this time, many other European Communist nations began to fall as well. People pointed out that there was not an obvious winner of the Cold War. However, thousands of Americans lost their lives waging proxy wars in Korea and Vietnam. “People believed the military spending policies of the Reagan-Bush years forced the Soviets to the brink of economic collapse.”
Emphasized throughout Soviet Russia, ‘vertical collectivism,’ occurs when hierarchy defines one’s rank, and submission to authority comes at the cost of self-sacrifice. “Hundreds. Thousands. Millions. Millions of what? Stomachs, and heads, and legs, and tongues, and souls. And it doesn’t even matter whether they fit together. Just millions. Just flesh. Human flesh” (Rand 403). In the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, that cost of ‘self-sacrifice’ was one’s individuality—the defining factors that allowed one human to be unique, different from the rest. “There are things in men,” Andrei Taganov argues in the face of his Party, “in the best of us, which are above...
During Stalin’s regime, the individual Russian was the center of his grand plan for better or worse. Stalin wanted all of his people to be treated the same. In the factory the top producer and the worst producer made the same pay. He wanted everyone to be treated as equals. His goal to bring the Soviet Union into the industrial age put tremendous pressure on his people. Through violence and oppression Stalin tried to maintain an absurd vision that he saw for the Soviet Union. Even as individuals were looked at as being equals, they also were viewed as equals in other ways. There was no one who could be exempt when the system wanted someone imprisoned, killed, or vanished. From the poorest of the poor, to the riches of the rich, everyone was at the mercy of the regime. Millions of individuals had fake trumped up charges brought upon them, either by the government or by others who had called them o...
Fitzpatrick, Sheila, and Yuri Slezkine. "N.I. Slavnikova Et Al. "Speeches by Stakhanovites"" In the Shadow of Revolution: Life Stories of Russian Women from 1917 to the Second World War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 2000. 331-41. Print.
The Soviet Union, which was once a world superpower in the 19th century saw itself in chaos going into the 20th century. These chaoses were marked by the new ideas brought in by the new leaders who had emerged eventually into power. Almost every aspect of the Soviet Union was crumbling at this period both politically and socially, as well as the economy. There were underlying reasons for the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and eventually Eastern Europe. The economy is the most significant aspect of every government. The soviet economy was highly centralized with a “command economy” (p.1. fsmitha.com), which had been broken down due to its complexity and centrally controlled with corruption involved in it. A strong government needs a strong economy to maintain its power and influence, but in this case the economic planning of the Soviet Union was just not working, which had an influence in other communist nations in Eastern Europe as they declined to collapse.
Alongside with these historical events, Tolstoy describes the different classes of Russian society in terms of their participation in the war and what kind of an impact war had on their lives. In the beginning of the novel, the Russian aristocratic class, which was in the czar’s circle, wanted Russia to participate in the war. They wanted a quick victory and pride for the Russian nobility. They did not anticipate that the war would destroy homes, agriculture, and take many Russian lives. This class is shown in Anna Pavlova Sharer’s salon, with it’s upper class aristocracy, who talk only in French, viewing the Russian language as uncivilized and useful only for peasants. They adopted French culture and wear French style clothing, and at the same time they want to fight Napoleon. However, the majority of this class doesn’t want to participate themselves in the war, but want to win the war with the hands of the peasants. These aristocrats, despite their high education and power, will do nothing to help win the war. They live like parasites on the body of Russia’s society. This is how Tolstoy describes this class in general, but he also depicts two representatives of this upper class, Andrew Bolkonsky and Pierre Bisuhov, who were the more intellectual ones, and whose lives and views of war and life changed as the result of the war.
In this book, we can see that there are two classes in the society. One class consists of the poor and the other consists of rich or the ruling party, who are the representatives of Tsar. One group wants to establish a classless society and the other group wants to exploit the poor and keep them down. The group members who revolt against the representative of Tsar are Mother, Pavel, Andrei, Natasha, Sa...
Emile Joseph Dillon extracted from Soviet Communism: A New Civilization? Dr. Dillon highlights the positive aspects of a Bolshevik-led Soviet Union. He praises the Bolshevik’s resilience and their ability to cope even when facing adversity. He is notably in awe of all they have achieved in such a short amount of time, and has credited them for reinvigorating and instilling a new spirit in “150 000 000 of listeless-dead-and-alive human beings.” This can be interpreted that prior to Bolshevik rule, group morale was low and people were unproductive as a result.