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Chapter 26 hormones and the endocrine system
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Behavior is defined as the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially toward others. Behavior is controlled by a system of the body called the endocrine system. The endocrine system is made of glands whose secretions pass directly into the bloodstream or lymph system. This system is responsible for growth, mood, tissue function, metabolism, sexual function and reproductive processes. The endocrine system affects almost every organ and cell in the body. Hormones and glands make up this system. As with any system, diseases can occur that are dangerous to the body. Hormones are one major parts of the endocrine system. They are released from endocrine tissue into the bloodstream. As the hormones travel through the bloodstream they target a tissue where they will start a response. The endocrine glands, which are a special group of cells, make hormones. Endocrine glands usually do not have ducts and are vascular. The kidney, heart, and liver help secondary endocrine systems. A small change in hormones can cause big changes in the body and in cells. If there are too many or to...
While the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are most reliant on one another, all body systems require a functioning circulatory cycle in order to thrive. Blood circulation and consistent transfer of oxygen to cells is required to maintain cell and tissue life. Disturbances to this process will cause cells and tissues to die (Red Cross 48). This state of balance and functioning body systems is referred to as homeostasis, defined as a “condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment due to constant interaction of body’s many regulatory processes” (Tortura 8). Changes or disruptions to homeostasis are regulated by the Endocrine and Nervous systems of the body. The endocrine system is made up of glands placed throughout the body
The physiological activity of different hormones depends on its concentration within the circulatory system. The effects of too high or too low a concentration can be damaging and this level must be controlled. The endocrine system relies on negative and positive feedback systems to regulate hormone production and secretion.
The endocrine system is very dynamic and has ties to most, if not all of the other major systems of the body. It is responsible for production of hormones and the regulation of them as well. These hormones act as chemical messengers within the body. Through several differing mechanisms, they are able to trigger very specific responses in target cells or organs. This is what enables the endocrine system to guide growth, development, reproduction, and behavior, among many others as well.
Psychophysiological stimulation can affect the apocrine, eccrine, and sebaceous glands altering body odor and the ways others perceive us. The apocrine glands are the source of human pheromones activated by emotions. This explains why there is a higher correlation of correct assessments between adults of the opposite sex due to pheromones not being active before puberty. Association ability originates early in human development and plays a major role in social interactions such as: the i...
Behavior is any observable action or reaction of living organisms. There are many levels of behavior that is studied in psychology. Some psychologists concentrate on the behavior that at a high level like having aggression or being prejudice. There are four main characteristics needed to be an observable behavior, which are: the organism itself, motivation, knowledge, and competence. Behavior cannot be studied without the organism there in body. Also, motivation must be in place for the study of behavior because it is an immediate cause of a behavior. Knowledge is something that the organism already knows. In order to examine it, you need to understand the environment and what he/she/it knows, thinks, and remembers.
During recent years, numerous newspaper and magazine articles have suggested that humans may be at risk because small amounts of well known environmental contaminants, such as dioxin, PCBs and DDT, can affect hormone levels. Hormones are produced by the endocrine system as regulators of biological function in target organs. Because hormones play a critical role in early development, toxicological effects on the endocrine system often have an impact on the reproductive system. The term endocrine disruptor is used to describe chemicals that can mimic hormones and may either enhance or counteract their effects. It has been suggested that these hormone changes can, in turn, lead to a variety of health problems including cancer, decreased fertility, and abnormalities in newborns.
The Immune System The immune system is a network of organs that contain cells which recognize foreign substances and destroys them. All living organisms are exposed to harmful substances and most can protect themselves in several ways, either with physical barriers or chemicals that repel and kill them. It protects vertebrates against viruses, bacteria, fungi and other parasites. These viruses are called pathogens. The immune system is known to help in the fight against cancer.
The biological approach looks at the relationship between behaviours and the body's physiological systems, especially the nervous system. Biological psychologists also believe that the chemical processes within the brain have an influence on behaviour. The treatments for the biological approach to psychology include, as previously said drug ...
Robbins, S., Millett, B., Walter-Marsh, T. (2004) Organsiational Behaviour 4th Edition. Pearson, New South Wales.
The male reproductive system is a set of organs that works together to produce sperm which will later in life fertilize females eggs. The testes are the most important part of the system because it produces sperm cells. It is similar and looks similar to ovaries of a female’s reproductive system because it also holds what they need to reproduce. Its job is to produce the sperm cells needed to reproduce. Due to hormonal imbalances the production of sperm cells may not even be possible in some males. Testosterone is the male the hormone that gives men there manly characteristics. It is made up of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen with a white color. In the male body it helps develop sex organs, a deeper voice, and facial hair (Khalid, 2013). Cancer or a genetic disorder in males is the most common thing that cause the reductions of testosterone production in the body. Behind the testes is the epididymis which lets sperm go through the vas deferens from the testes (Dictionary, 2014). It looks like leach the way it is position right on the testes but it is thinner. When sperm is produces the ...
The reproductive systems are based off of the goal to create offspring. Both the male and the female reproductive systems, although fueled by a similar goal, have different components and structures. Both systems are very complex in their own way, making it important for one to understand how each of the systems and their various processes work. Knowing the processes and components of the male and female reproductive systems will aid all people in their life, sometime or another. It’s important to understand how our individual bodies work and how life is produced.
The human body is very complex. It is like a job. You have to do a million things in one day to make it through the day. The body uses nine systems to do all of those jobs. They all have separate functions, but some work together. Each system is also made up of organs. There are many ways to care and protect the systems from the many different problems they can have. There are also many interesting facts about each system.
Looking at the eight behavioral subsystems closer Ingestive subsystem fulfills the need to supply the biological requirements for food and fluids. Eliminative subsystem functions to excrete waste. Affiliative subsystem also known as attachment subsystem serves the need for security through social inclusion or intimacy. Dependency subsystem is those behaviors designed to get attention, recognition and physical assistance. Sexual subsystem serves the biologic requirements of procreation and reproduction. Aggressive subsystem functions in self and social protection and preservation. Achievement subsystem functions to master and control one's self of the environment (Gonzalo, 2011). The eighth subsystem is restorative these are behaviors that are associated with restoring of energy and equilibrium. These include behaviors like sleep, fatigue, recovery, leisure and recreational interests (Andrews, Cromwell, Fries & Hodge, 2008). In order to decrease the effects of an imbalance in a subsystem the three functional characteristics must be present to protect the behavioral system and overall health of the
Each gland of the endocrine system is responsible for the releasing of different hormones, and those hormones trigger different activities in different places of the body. Hypothalamus, pineal body, anterior and posterior pituitary glands, adrenal gland, and thyroid gland are the main glands of the endocrine system while there are some other associated glands, as well. The endocrine system is known to be as the chemical information system. Some of the main functions of this system have to do with growth and development, metabolism, tissue function, sexual function, mood swings,
The thyroid secretes several hormones, collectively called thyroid hormones. They help to generate heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and the rate in which food is converted into energy. The 2 main thyroid hormones are T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxin). The amount of thyroid hormones secreted is controlled by another hormone, called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which is released from the pituitary gland in your head ("How Your Thyroid Works"). Thyroid hormones act throughout the body, influencing metabolism, growth and development, and body temperature. During infancy and childhood, adequate thyroid hormone is crucial for brain development (Tree, 2013). The thyroid gland also makes the hormone calcitonin, which is involved in calcium metabolism and stimulating bone cells to add c...