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The Digital Music Distribution Revolution
Impact of digitalization on the music industry
The effects of the internet and digital downloading on the music industry
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Recommended: The Digital Music Distribution Revolution
The Emergence of Satellite Radio
While the transition of television to a digital technology with its improved picture and sound quality has been a much publicized and controversial process, television's venerable ancestor, radio, has stayed in the background. But this year, in the United States, radio broadcasting is making its own digital leap. Two start-ups are introducing a new type of radio broadcast--subscription-based digital audio sent from satellites. With satellite digital audio radio services (SDARS), as they're called, listeners will be able to tune in to the same radio stations anywhere in the United States.
SDARS differs from so-called digital music services, in which direct broadcast satellite or cable system operators provide digitized and compressed audio over their networks, both because of its programming and because SDARS can be received in a moving car, where much of today's radio listening takes place; existing digital audio services cannot. (A different form of satellite digital radio, from WorldSpace Corp., Washington, D.C., is currently serving parts of Africa and Asia. It started service in 1999, and is less optimized for mobile use.)
Meanwhile, the free, over-the-air terrestrial broadcasters are expected to choose digital audio broadcasting technologies for both the AM and FM bands by year-end.( Martin R. Davidoff 6-12)
Why go digital
Just as was true for other media, the conversion to digital offers radio a wealth of benefits not available from current AM or FM analog systems. Radio is an audio service, so consumers naturally compare it to the most pervasive high-quality audio technology, the compact disk (CD). A good FM signal played by a high-quality, stationary rec...
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...t's not much fun scanning through static trying to find something -- anything -- to listen to.
Bibliography:
Works cited
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A59714-2002Jan3.html
http://www.rwonline.com/reference-room/satellite-radio/rw-xm-retail2.shtml
http://www.xmradio.com/newsroom/screen/pr_2001_12_12.html
http://www.siriusradio.com/servlet/snav?/servlet/about/se_work.jsp http://www.wirelessnewsfactor.com/perl/story/16799.html#story-start
http://edtn.bitpipe.com/data/search?site=edtn&cp=bpres&st=1&qp=site_abbrev%3Aedtn&qt=how+a+sattelite+radio+works&Go=Go&cr=bpres&ct=trm#resources
http://edtn.bitpipe.com/data/detail?id=997211509_309&type=RES&x=2006054045
www.businessreport.com/news/20_6/media/
Radio waves were first discovered in 1887, but radio itself was initially invented by Italian Guglielmo Marconi in 1895 (1). His biggest mentioned success was in 1901, when he managed to broadcast the letter “S” across the Atlantic Ocean (1). However, he focused primarily on point-to-point transmissions, not large scale broadcasts from one point (F). As such, three American inventors - Lee De Forest, Edwin Howard Armstrong, and David Sarnoff - took credit for making radio as it is today a success (F). De Forest was born and raised in Alabama and he thought of everything in terms of patents and eventually held more than 300, but many claimed that he simply stole the inventions of others (2). In 1900, he patented a device to enhance weak signals and in 1902, he formed the De Forest Wireless Telegraph Company (1). In the same year. Reginald Fessenden, a Canadian, invented the “electrolytic detector”, which later became the spade detector that brought De Forest so much fame (F). In 1904, John Fleming invented the oscillation valve, which later became De Forest’s audion, and De Forest won the gold medal at the St. Louis World’s Fair for his “spade detector” (F). De Forest gained quite a bit of fame by broadcasting music live from the Eiffel Tower and from the Metropolitan Opera; however, many believed that this was a scam and that he had actually had the device broadcasting the signal only a few blocks away (F). In 1906, he envisioned bringing music and voices to all American households, but as it turns out Canadian inventor Fessenden had already broadcasted a Christmas greeting and music to the crew of a ship off the coast of Canada on Christmas Eve a year earlier (F). In 1912, Armstrong became prominent by inventing regeneration, wh...
The Columbia Broadcasting Company or “CBS” in layman’s terms was founded in 1927 as a radio network under the “United Independent Broadcasters” name, which was a radio-broadcasting network. The name was changed to CBS in 1928, which was the same year that William S. Paley, the son of a cigar making tycoon, took over control of CBS with his fathers financial support. Paley took over CBS for $400,000 and inherited a network that consisted of 22 affiliates and 16 employees. Although he had little technical knowledge of radio, Paley believed he could only attract advertisers if he delivered large audiences. To fulfill this goal, he decided to give CBS programming to local radio stations for free, as long as they agreed to surrender any part of their schedule to advertiser sponsored CBS network shows. In less than a decade, CBS had blossomed to 114 stations from 22 when Paley took over. Another one of Paley’s gifts was his ability to recognize talent, he quickly signed mega stars such as Bing Crosby, Kate Smith and Morton Downey. But such was the case in those days, those stars were quickly lured away by highly popular rival NBC for more money.
Has anyone ever wondered how radio communications changed society during the 1930’s? According to the research done by the Education Foundation, many people believe that the most important development in the radio at that time was entertainment; this is entirely false. In fact, radio communications not only made an impact in the way people received their news, but also brought together a nation that got out of a brutal depression. Together, the nations as one made radio communications the commanding form of media in the 1930’s. As stations and businesses were beginning to establish themselves, companies from across the nation were taking notice in the department of advertisement. This new realm ignited a spark for the nation’s new economy which later boomed and gave rise to an economically and socially powerful country.
...trick to profit. Clear Channel has taken major college stations to bed, and it’s not a gentle lover. Thus, local stations must not be lured by Clear Chanel’s diabolical plan. Instead, the stations must look the corporate villain into their deceiving eyes, and inform them that their conglomerating ways will not be tolerated; we must preserve the last refuge of music programming and expression on the radio airwaves.
FM synthesis using analogy oscillators may result in pitch instability. FM synthesis can also be implemented digitally, the latter proving to be more 'reliable' and is currently seen as standard practice. Digital FM synthesis (using the more frequency-stable phase modulation variant) was the basis of several musical instruments beginning as early as 1974. FM synthesis had also become the usual setting for games and software until the
"The Enormous Radio" by John Cheever begins with Jim and Irene Westcott who are an average American couple with an average American family. Cheever describes them as middle-aged, having two young children, a pleasant home, and a sufficient income. On the surface they seem to have a perfect life, but underneath this is not the case. In the course of the story, Irene’s imperfections are revealed by a hideous radio. The radio was bought to give the Westcott’s listening pleasure, but then they discover it can hear all the neighbors’ conversations. Irene becomes so obsessed with eavesdropping on her neighbors’ conversations, that it blinds her from her own problems.
Would people be willing to pay $12.50/month for commercial free radio beamed right to their car or home. Well two companies and many big investors are betting about $3 billion dollars that people are willing to do just that. In 1997, the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) granted a portion of the S-band spectrum for satellite radio and two companies purchased use of these bands and started the only two companies competing in the satellite radio business today, namely Sirius and XM. Analysts like William Kidd of CE Unterberg Towpin, predict satellite radio will generate about $10 billion a year in revenues by 2007 (McClean, 2001). However, to date neither of these companies has earned a dime. According to industry analyst though, “its not whether satellite radio will take off-rather it’s a matter of how fast.” (Helyar, 2004). Despite lofty predictions, satellite radio has some big issues to overcome before it becomes a serious threat to the $19.6 billion per year terrestrial radio industry.
Traditional (AM/FM) Radio - it is currently free, but only offers a homogenous shallow play lists with medium audio quality.
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. And Subsidary Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Retrieved December 14, 2005, from website: http://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?company=&CIK=siri&filenum=&State=&SIC=&owner=include&action=getcompany
The Digital Video Recorder used in modern entertainment systems can now be replaced with an easy to use streaming video devices. As the online video libraries grow to include more content, eventually streaming set top boxes will provide this functionality, without the need to schedule recordings or manage space used by previous recordings. One additional advantage, often referred to as TV Anywhere, allows viewing of online content from a variety of devices, as long as an Internet connection is available. Now the real motivation that drives many Americans to consider these alternative options is money.
"Short History of Radio A Short History of Radio With an Inside Focus on Mobile Radio." fcc.gov. Version 2003-2004. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2013. .
main advantage of FM broadcasting is of it is static free. But the drawback to
Radio broadcasting was introduced to the public in the early 1920s (Potter 226). There was only one type of broadcast protocol in the 1920’s and 30’s being AM radio(The Early Years). In 1921 there were only five AM radio stations, and only about 1% of all households in this country had a receiver (Potter 226). A receiver was basically another name for a radio because at this time radios were very expensive and there were not enough radio stations to make the system work. However, in 1923 there were over 500 stations to pop up which in turn led to increased sales of receivers to the general public (Potter 226). With the popping up of more radio stations the more receivers were being bought which meant that many people in the public were tuning into these various radio stations for information and entertainment. Radio was on the rise and it seemed that there was nothing slowing it down.
...a, but it will not be able to do so without backing from the recording industry, and the government. With companies combining both high-quality broadcasts with genre-specific stations, there is for sure a big change in store for the radio industry.
Radio is one of the easiest and cheapest media sources. The giant advantage of radio as a part of globalization process is that it can be understood by even illiterate people and can be served to a larger number of people. Moreover it is accessible to the people who l...