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The effect of color on memory
The effect of color on memory
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This article focuses on the effects of color on memory encoding and retrieval in the classroom. Researchers set out to determine if the color of the paper the material is studied on or the color of the paper the test is printed on has any effect on the encoding and retrieval of information. The researchers did so by conducting two experiments. In both experiments the participants were students enrolled in an undergraduate psychology course at Texas State University. The participants did so in exchange for extra credit in the course. In each experiment none of the participants were informed of the hypotheses until after all data was collected, this blind procedure ensures that there will be no bias or interference with the results of the study. Participants in both experiments were required to read a passage from The Holistic Guide to Canine Health. After given the passage the participants had ten minutes to study the information. After the ten minutes was up they were given a short multiple choice test to complete in the next five minutes. This study set out to determine if certain colors can serve as retrieval cues for information. How well the students did on the test was the dependent variable. The independent variable was the color of the paper the test or article was printed on. This study showed that the test scores were higher for the participants who read the passage on green paper, than for the participants who read the passage on red paper (Martinez, Oberle & Thompson, 2010).
In the first experiment participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups. The first group would read the passage on red paper and test on red paper, the second group read the passage on red paper and test on green paper, the third read the passage on green paper and test on green paper, and the last group read the passage on green paper and test on red paper. The second experiment was done with all new participants. In this experiment, the same passage was used and same time limit on studying and testing time. However in this experiment, participants were randomly assigned to five different groups. The groups represented what color of paper the test was printed on: red, blue, green, yellow, and pink. Students were given the material on white paper and tested on their color group paper.
1.There will be two groups, the control and experimental groups. Each group will have the same amount of participants with equal numbers of boys and girls. The first group will be the control group(rest). The second group will be the experimental group(exercise).
In this investigation the cues for recall will be odours instead of categories. Tulving and Thompson (1973) proposed the concept of the encoding-specificity principle, which assumes a relationship between encoding and retrieval. This is the idea that recall is greater if the retrieval context matches or is similar to the encoding context. Baddeley however pointed out that this theory is impossible to test and therefore it cannot be disproved. There is no way to determine whether or not information has been encoded and the encoding-specificity principle suggests that if a certain stimulus does not lead to retrieval of a memory it must not have been encoded.
The romantic red effect is the concept of men being more attractive and having more sexually desires for women that are wearing red. This effect fits within the color-in-context theory because the perception of the color red has many meanings. (*or women see other women wearing red, they do not feel the same way as men) The color-in-context is concept that states that a color can have different implications based on the various contexts. The color red acts as an aphrodisiac, which is a sexual desire, because it supports romance within heterosexual interplay. The color red might have different effects in various situations depending on how they perceive it. For some, the color red could automatically be linked to failure. Others may see red
A sample of children ranging from 4 to 13 years old are going to be asked to watch a Rainbow Brite video. The children will be randomly picked from a childcare center. To ensure that the children are going to be randomly assigned, the children will range in different age groups. The first group will consist of 4, 6, and 8 year olds. The second group will consist of 10,12, and 14 year olds. It would have to be a field experiment because you have to go out and collect the data.
Repeated testing may lead to better or worse performance. Changes in performance on the test may be due to prior experience with the test and not to the independent variable. In addition, repeated testing fatigues the subjects, and their performance declines as a result (Jackson, 2012). Because the professor is interested in determining if the implementation of weekly quizzes would improve test scores, an experimenter and/or an instrumentation effect may also affect results. In a single group post-test only design, possible confounds include the lack of a comparison group and the absence of an equivalent control group.
As a child growing up, I always knew I did not see colors the same way other kids did. It was not until I was older, and had an eye injury, that it was realized that I was color blind. When I would tell my peers that I was color blind I always got questions like, “What color is my shirt?” and “What color is the sky?’ These questions soon became annoying, and I stopped telling people I was color blind because I do see colors. I have problems distinguishing between the colors blue and purple, red and green, red and orange, green and brown, and so on. It is the hues that are a problem for me
1In the article, The Critical Importance of Retrieval for Learning, Jeffery D. Karpicke and Henry L. Roediger III expound on the long standing assumptions regarding the effects of repeated studying and repeated testing on learning in order to improve long-term retention on learning material. Recently studies have shown that research can occur during testing, contradictory to the traditional beliefs that learning occurs while people study and encode material. Another purpose of this research and this article was to examine a students’ assessments of their own learning, after getting a set of material under repeated study or repeated testing. Finally, The Critical Importance of Retrieval for Learning, explained further the relationship of speed
How does memory affect the way in which history is viewed? Memory is based on a series of decisions on what is worth remembering and what should be forgotten. It is a process of suppressing history that is unbearable or difficult, yet it is also about reflecting on what is misunderstood. Memory is formed through several influencing factors and elements; Memory can be formed by the study of pop culture and icons, which often propose a reexamination of difficult and repressed memories. Memory is also influenced through exclusions and biases. These can be racially or politically motivated, but they could also derive from personal or cultural trauma. Recorded history such as textbooks, novels,
In the article, “The Critical Importance of Retrieval For Learning” the researchers were studying human learning and memory by presenting people with information to be learned in a study period and testing them on the information that they were told to learn in order to see what they were able to retain. They also pointed out that retrieval of information in a test, is considered a neutral event because it does not produce learning. Researchers were trying to find a correlation between the speed of something being learned and the rate at which it is forgotten
n hypothesis of the experiment is that the group containing four members will perform better than the group containing two members. This is the foundation from which we have conducted our experiment.
In order for an experiment to be considered a true experimental design, the design must fit specific criteria. The researcher must have a hypothesis for a cause and effect relationship between variables, the treatment group, the control group, random selection for the treatment group, and random assignment for the control group. In a simple experiment, the researcher forms two groups that are similar or equivalent, through probability, to each other in every way possible appropriate to the concept of experiment. The treatment group receives the procedure for the experiment and the control group does not. Therefore, the only difference between the groups will be that one group receives the treatment for the experiment and one group does note. After the experiment is conducted the researcher analysis the results in both groups.
In order to test this hypothesis 60 students will be randomly recruited. In order to get my 60 participants, I will pick students who id begins with the numbers 08. A total of 30 females and 30 males will be chosen, all psychology undergraduate students from Texas A&M International University, largely in the age range 20-25 years. No payment, other than receive 5 points of extra credit, will be offered for participation.
Williams, Y 2003, ‘Retrieval Cues: Definition, Examples & Quiz’ Education portal, Veiwed on the 22nd of march 2014
In the art and the anthropology, the avatar chromaticity colors indicate the use of colors as a symbol in all cultures. Psychological chromatography refers to the effect of color on human behavior and emotions, as distinct from light indications. Moreover, avatar colorimetric and the color psychology are based on the cultural links with varying according to the era, place, and culture. In fact, one of the colors can have many symbols as well as different psychological effects in the same place. Broadly, the avatar colorimetric is a continuous field of ongoing studies relies on a wide range of anecdotal evidence heritage and also the scientific researches. Furthermore, no one has asked him/herself why he/she prefers a special color and the response is that according to the research, because the colorful dresses enhance your mood and lead to the atmosphere of fun, in contrast to the dark colors which indicate some of inwardness and sensitivity.
Eyes see color every day, but can sight be different for people with different iris colors?