The effects of ammonium nitrate on c-fern spore germination
Introduction:
Organisms need their own set of nutrients. These nutrients are what help the cell survive so that the whole organism could survive. Organisms have their own set of nutrients. On earth there are three domains of life. These domains are the bacteria, Archaea, and eukarya (Brooker et al. 2013) most of the cells that are being researched and examined are cells in the domain Eukarya because cells in this domain usually exists in a multicellular complex. In the domain eukarya, the genus that was examined in this lab was Ceratopteris, which is also called c-fern; this plant is used in research to see how plant growth is affected by various changes that affect plant growth. (Lloyd, 1973) The reason that c-fern is used to do research is because of it’s developmental process. The reason why their life cycle is so unique is because it has a biphasic life cycle that has two independent diploid and haploid generations. (Hickok et al., 1995) This is useful because the haploid and the diploid can be isolated which will provide information on how each variable effect each different stage during each life cycle. (Hickok et al., 1995) another advantage of why c-ferns are used in research is because of their short life cycle. After inoculation, germination occurs in the following 3-4 days and full sexual maturity occurs between 6-8 days after germination. After one to two weeks, roots and leaves start to appear on the diploid sporophyte. (Hickok et al., 1995) these are the main reasons why c-ferns were chosen to see the effects of nitrogen on.
All plants including c-ferns need nitrogen in order to function properly. These plants need nitrogen because it is a main com...
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...atistical analysis was used to understand the data that was collected. The f-test was the first statistical analysis that was used in order to know if the next step would use the t-test or Welch’s approximate t-test.
Work cited:
Brooker R, Widmaier EP, Grahm LE, Stiling PD. 2013. Biology. 3rd edition.
Hickok LG, Warne TR, Fribourg RS. 1995. International Journal of Plant Sciences. Vol
156: 332-345
Lloyd RM. 1974. Systematics of the genus Ceratopteris Brongn. (Parkerianceae) II.
Taxonomy. Brittonia 26: 139-160
Melan MA, Whittier DP. 1990. Effects of inorganic nitrogen sources on spore
germination and gametophyte growth in Botrychium dissectum. Plant, Cell & Environment 13: 477-482.
Nachurs. (n.d.). Nitrogen: An essential element in crop production. Retrieved from
http://www.nachurs.com/nitrogen.html
My group, fertilizer group 3, is testing the variables of plant color and number of leaves. Fertilizer can affect that drastically! Those two variables are basically what determine a healthy plant. Fertilizer can help to boost the minerals in the soil and give the plant what it needs to survive and be healthy.
The primary nutrients that plants require are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from air and water. Sugar has a different effect on animals, humans, and plants. In this experiment, we are testing the effects of sugar on the growth of wheatgrass. For this experiment, we used regular sugar that we put in our food and drinks. To test our hypothesis we are using two groups control and experiment group. The control plant received only water but the experimental plant received sugar but, both plants were placed in the same temperature and same amount of water. Our hypothesis was correct, experiment plant “sugar water” yield more plant growth than control plant “water”. This experiment shows the sugar water plant grow faster than water because of the average of both plants. The sugar water experiment plant had longer in length compared to water control plant.
This is especially useful to find out exactly which of the month group is significantly different from each other. Data which are not significantly different from each other are written in the same column, while different column means that they have a difference. Thus it is obtained that 2-months and 4-months group are not significantly different from each other. The same is true for 4-months and 6-months group. The significant difference is between 2-months and 6-months group. However, even if the groups are listed in the same column, there are still differences in the of hyperplasia in each group. The post hoc method also analyzes the value of in each group. From the analysis, there is an increase of hyerplasia foci from 2-months until 6-months
The “Fast Plant” experiment is an observation of a plants growth over the span of twenty-eight days. The objective is to observe how plants grow and use their resources throughout the span of their life. In our lab we observed the Brassica rapa, a herbaceous plant in the mustard family which has a short cycle which makes it a perfect plant to observe in this experiment. Like other plants the Brassica rapa must use the resources in the environment to create energy to complete itʻs life cycle and reproduce. By observing the plant it is easy to see in what organ or function the plant is using itʻs energy and resources and if overtime the resources switch to other part of the plants. By conducting this experiment we are able to observe where and how plants allocate their resources throughout their life by harvesting plants at different points in their life.
In wild type culture of C-ferns, it is expected that there will be a high concentration of antheridiogen since the hermaphrodites are producing antheridiogen. The greater the population density of C-ferns, the higher the concentration of antheridiogen; hence a high percentage of male gametophytes in the wild type cultures.
We depend on plants to obtain our oxygen. Plants produce glucose that assists in its living and growing and we contribute by releasing carbon dioxide. In order for us to live, we need the oxygen that plants produce by making glucose.
The text by Smith S.E & Read D.J recorded that in 1885 Frank A.B invented the word ‘Mycorrhizae’ which is a literal synonym of fungus-root. Many people tend to think of mushrooms and toadstools when it comes to the word fungus but it can also be found in decaying material and plant tissue within the soil where the fungus’s biomass is made up of a large scale of hyphae filaments. This is the main mode of vegetation growth. This system is known as Frank A.B invention ‘mycorrhizae’ and is a vital role in the functioning of the earth's ecosystem. Mycorrhizae is a fungus that grows inside or attached to the surface with the roots of a plant. By the action of the fungus and roots of a plant connecting, LaFantasie J. describes on her lesson that by
These studies have helped to further the understanding of how legumes respond in elevated carbon dioxide. Researchers have determined that growth at elevated carbon dioxide concentrations stimulates photosynthesis and the increase of carbon to the plant. However this increase requires a higher nutrient supply to account for the increase in photosynthetic output. Based on these findings, legumes have a competitive advantage over nonleguminous plants when grown at elevated level of carbon dioxide. In natural settings however, nutrient availability greatly affects the response of these legumes (2). Legumes are dependent on their symbiotic relationship to nitrogen fixing bacteria, and this relationship and its response to elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide will continue to be studied for years.
Going into details of the article, I realized that the necessary information needed to evaluate the experimental procedures were not included. However, when conducting an experiment, the independent and dependent variable are to be studied before giving a final conclusion.
In the book, Where the Red Fern Grows, by Wilson Rawls, depicts an inspiring, young boy named Billy, who struggled with life’s complication. Billy was an ordinary boy who lived in the country. Although his family was not wealthy, he lived a content life. He grew up in the mountains of Ozarks in Oklahoma. The whole story took place years ago, perhaps in the mid 1900s. It was evident that Billy’s appreciation of the scenery of the environment around him proved that he loved the woods. As he grew up, he began to learn the complexity of life. Billy matures as he learns to accept suffering and to make sacrifices.
Auxin is one of the phytohormones. Auxin is basically represented as indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) in plants. It is important in regulating various growths and formation processes (Kefeli & Kalevitch, 2003). Auxin is essential in many vital tasks in plants. Therefore, plants which are unable to produce IAA do not exist. The role of auxin is described by “short distance activity” as a morphogen (Friml, 2003). The term morphogen was probably first being used by the British mathematician Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954) to understand about the differentiation of Hydra. By dictionary definition, morphogens are chemicals which regulate morphogenesis. However from the perspective of biologists, morphogens are substances which form a concentration gradient, and can actually be viewed as flowing substances. The analyses of IAA levels are too low to provide information on IAA level in individual cells with the current sensitivities of the available methods (Galun, 2010). In adult plants, the source of auxin presumed in the tips of the shoots and in young leaves. Auxin causes apical dominance and ...
All green plants need to be able to make their own food.They do this by a
The authors state that certain hypotheses were similar in correlation to the data with which they were comparing it to. However, they also identify some dissimilar results which does not cause an absolute conclusion due to the inconclusive variables that could exist in the data. Throughout the paper the authors explained their methods of formulating a calculation for comparison to the data they were reviewing. Depending upon the data being quantified, the authors noted the differences between the data in the different reports. Although some hypotheses can be related to data, the authors believe more research should be done to prove other
According to the guidelines, our p-value falls in between the intervals of 0.01< 0.0442 < 0.05. Therefore, we conclude that we have very strong evidence against the null hypothesis. Our calculated t-statistic came out to -2.07 so it means that our sample statistics of -7.03 is 2.07 standard deviations above and below the hypothesized parameter value of 0. Because |t| > 2, we can conclude again that we there is very strong evidence against the null hypothesis.
Plants need carbon dioxide to continue their life cycles. They turn your breath into more oxygen for you to breathe. But let's give another example. I write an English essay like this one right now. Someone