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Duality in humanity
Duality in humanity
How stevenson presents the dangers of science of jekyll and hyde essay
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From the beginning of time, humans have questioned the validity of the intrinsic duality of man. Are humans born with both pure goodness and pure evilness or is the latter cultivated? Or simply altogether is man an existence embodied with both? In Robert Louis Stevenson’s novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, one man, a scientist named Henry Jekyll, concludes that all men are both good and evil. Through his own understanding of human nature, Henry Jekyll transforms and reveals himself to become and show the characteristics of both the protagonist and antagonist of the story. Born in some year of the 1800s, Henry Jekyll is first introduced at the age of fifty. He grows up to be a tall, handsome, and educated man. Not falling Dr. Jekyll reflects on the “hard law of life” (Stevenson 42) which is governed by religion. Because religion always calls man towards pure intensions and the good, also away from atrocious pleasures, Dr. Jekyll wants to remove the bad within him to have a completely pure soul. At first he tries to conceal the other side of himself, but now to his defense, the time has come to indulge in his pleasures. His reasoning is to further his knowledge or relief himself from sorrow and suffering (Stevenson 42). With this decision, he now starts to deviate from his respectable image in society and starts to show the attributes of an Hyde as a different man, the original man himself Dr. Jekyll admits he enjoys Hyde’s crude actions as pleasures. Initially, he presents his decision of Hyde as a scientific experiment and allow himself to be releases from societal pressure; however, he turns hypocritical due to materialism and pride. Soon he admits that the actions turned monstrous in Hyde’s hands and he knew soon Hyde will take over his real self. He realizes he created another man or identity that he could not control. Therefore he concludes, “Man is not truly one, but truly two” (Stevenson 43). The strange case is that the novel never give’s Hyde’s point of view, it is always from the perspective of the good doctor. Hyde does not have a conscious of his own; rather, it is that of the doctor. It is evident that Dr. Jekyll embraces Hyde, because he refers to himself as “I” in the body of
In Robert Louis Stevenson’s, Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Dual nature of man is a recurring theme. Jekyll constantly struggles with good and evil, the expectations of Victorian society, and the differences between Lanyon and Jekyll.
Despite being published in 1886, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson remains to be recognized and referred to as one of the initial studies of the duality of human nature and mans struggle between two natural forces – good and evil. The story takes place during the Victorian Era in which society is already somewhat constrained and cruel and explores the human struggle between being civilized and facing the more primitive aspects to our being. According to author Irving S Saposnik, “Henry Jekyll’s experiment to free himself from the burden of duality results in failure because of his moral myopia, because he is a victim of society’s standards even while he would be free of them.” Henry Jekyll, an English doctor faces duality when he comes into battle with his darker side. Creating a personification under the name of Edward Hyde in order to fulfill his desires, Dr. Jekyll feels as if he will be able to control the face that he wants seen to public vs. the one in which he wants to keep more private. “Hence it came about that I concealed my pleasures; and that when I reached years of reflection, and began to look round me, and take stock of my progress and position in the world, I stood already committed to a profound duplicity of life.” (10.1) The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a story about how people are scared to acknowledge personal duality so they keep silent and in this case, create a personification in order to fulfill evil desires without thinking through the consequences of such actions.
In Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Hyde becomes Jekyll's demonic, monstrous alter ego. Certainly Stevenson presents him immediately as this from the outset. Hissing as he speaks, Hyde has "a kind of black sneering coolness . . . like Satan". He also strikes those who witness him as being "pale and dwarfish" and simian like. The Strange Case unfolds with the search by the men to uncover the secret of Hyde. As the narrator, Utterson, says, "If he be Mr. Hyde . . . I shall be Mr. Seek". Utterson begins his quest with a cursory search for his own demons. Fearing for Jekyll because the good doctor has so strangely altered his will in favor of Hyde, Utterson examines his own conscience, "and the lawyer, scared by the thought, brooded a while in his own past, groping in all the corners of memory, lest by chance some Jack-in-the-Box of an old iniquity should leap to light there" (SC, 42). Like so many eminent Victorians, Utterson lives a mildly double life and feels mildly apprehensive about it. An ugly dwarf like Hyde may jump out from his own boxed self, but for him such art unlikely creature is still envisioned as a toy. Although, from the beginning Hyde fills him with a distaste for life (SC, 40, not until the final, fatal night, after he storms the cabinet, can Utterson conceive of the enormity of Jekyll's second self. Only then does he realize that "he was looking on the body of a self-dcstroyer" (SC, 70); Jekyll and Hyde are one in death as they must have been in life.
This essay will focus on how Robert Louis Stevenson presents the nature of evil through his novel ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’. Using ideas such as duality, the technique used to highlight the two different sides of a character or scene, allegories, an extended metaphor which has an underlying moral significance, and hypocrisy; in this book the Victorians being against all things evil but regularly taking part in frown able deeds that would not be approved of in a ‘respectable’ society. This links in with the idea of secrecy among people and also that evil is present in everyone. The novel also has strong ties and is heavily influenced by religion. Stevenson, being brought up following strong Calvinist beliefs, portrays his thoughts and opinion throughout the story in his characters; good and evil.
“The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll And Mr Hyde” is a novella written in the Victorian era, more specifically in 1886 by Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson. When the novella was first published it had caused a lot of public outrage as it clashed with many of the views regarding the duality of the soul and science itself. The audience can relate many of the themes of the story with Stevenson’s personal life. Due to the fact that Stevenson started out as a sick child, moving from hospital to hospital, and continued on that track as an adult, a lot of the medical influence of the story and the fact that Jekyll’s situation was described as an “fateful illness” is most likely due to Stevenson’s unfortunate and diseased-riddled life. Furthermore the author had been known to dabble in various drugs, this again can be linked to Jekyll’s desperate need and desire to give in to his darker side by changing into Mr Hyde.
...(43). The reader is draw to the wishes of Dr. Jekyll, each person wants to better themselves and each person finds themselves straying from the correct path in life. In trying to better mankind, Jekyll destroyed the decent man he was before.
Dr. Jekyll finally reveals himself in the Chapter 10 of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde written by Robert Louis Stevenson. Jekyll at first, happy with his appearance after trying the poison, he then regret about it and write to Mr. Utterson a letter before his suicide. In this letter, not only Stevenson has perfectly sketch the human nature between good and evil, but he also present the sophisticate thoughts of a person struggling with themselves by using accurate-inaccurate description in Jekyll's confession. And because Jekyll is the narrator, the unreliability of the narrator is also discussed.
“Man is not truly one, but truly two” (Stevenson 104). Or so is the belief of Dr. Henry Jekyll in Robert Louis Stevenson’s novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Jekyll came to this conclusion at a fairly young age after taking note that the desires he wished to indulge in were not widely accepted, and deciding that it would be best if he repressed these dark pleasures and instead lived only as his moral side. This decision created a great divide in the two selves of which Jekyll was made; neither side was any more or less a part of him, but his dark side, which later manifested itself as Mr. Edward Hyde, was hidden inside of him while the good and well accepted side, Dr. Henry Jekyll, was out on display. The man stayed like this until one day his curiosity got the best of him, and he decided to concoct a
Dr Jekyll reassess his beliefs about the malicious life he is living through Mr Hyde, a realisation/transformation catalysed through the short supply of his potion; “the insurgent horror… caged in his flesh… felt it struggle to be born”. Through the metaphor “caged in his flesh”, the audience is able to perceive Hyde’s sinful nature, but the dramatic tone in “struggle to be born” highlights Jekyll’s confusion in which life to lead. Thus he emotionally discovers the difficulty in him resolving his moral compass, with his evil indulgences, drawing Jekyll to reassess his existing ideals of morality; “Then these agonies began swiftly to subside, and I came to myself as if out of a great sickness”. Furthermore I have come to the understanding that discoveries can be intensely meaningful, as they can induce an emotional transformation, consequently impacting an individuals’ sense of self, as they are positioned to re-evaluate there existing
Mr. Hyde is the monstrous side of Dr. Jekyll from their book “The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.” In their story, Dr. Jekyll is a brilliant scientist who has created a formula that turns him into Mr. Hyde. It is stated that, at some point, Dr. Jekyll became addicted to the potion. Though it is unclear what would cause the addiction, since it would be Hyde who would experience the “high” and not Jekyll himself. Hyde is the contrast to Dr. Jekyll, and is considerably more brutal and immoral. Modern incarnations depict him as becoming incredibly muscular after the transformation, though in the original work it is only implied that Hyde is stronger, retaining his previous physique. It is consistent that Hyde is shown to be ugly, perhaps even deformed.
To begin with, Stevenson shows duality of human nature through society. During the Victorian era, there were two classes, trashy and wealthy. Dr. Jekyll comes from a wealthy family, so he is expected to be a proper gentleman. He wants to be taken seriously as a scientist, but also indulge in his darker passions.“...I learned to recognize the thorough and primitive duality/ of man; I saw that, of the two natures that contended in/ the field of my consciousness, even if I could rightly be said/ to be either, it was only because I was radically both..."(125).
This guilt drives him to have “clasped hands to God…tears and prayers to smother down the crowd of hideous images and sounds that his memory swarmed against him” (Stevenson 57). As a whole, the text demonstrates that Dr. Jekyll’s alter ego, Mr. Hyde, is the mastermind of pure malevolence who participates in activities that Dr. Jekyll cannot Jekyll experiences. For instance, Dr. Jekyll’s physical appearance begins to decline as he stops taking the draught. The text describes Dr. Jekyll’s physical characteristics as “looking deadly sick” when his is usually a “large well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty, with something of a slyish cast perhaps, but every mark of capacity and kindness” (Stevenson 19-25). Not only does Dr. Jekyll’s health begin to decline, but also his behavior changes as well.
To summarize, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a metaphorical looking glass into the duality of human nature. In the words of Romeo and Juliet’s Friar Lawrence, “Two such opposèd kings encamp them still/ In man as well as herbs—grace and rude will” (II iii 28-29). In everyone, there is good and evil, a Jekyll and Hyde. The decision is who will be allowed to take control. Robert Louis Stevenson’s novel helps the reader to better understand the duality of human nature through Jekyll’s fascinating tale, and the true meaning behind the story that makes the reader sit back and reflect makes the story a timeless piece of literature.
Due to their concealed yet present inner evil, humans are naturally inclined to sin but at the same time resist temptation because of influence from society, thus illustrating a duality in humanity. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde focuses on how humans are actually two different people composed into one. The concept of dual human nature includes all of Hyde’s crimes and ultimately the death of Jekyll. Jekyll proposes that “man is not truly one, but truly two,” and describes the human soul as a constant clash of the “angel” and the “fiend,” each struggling to suppress the other (Stevenson 61, 65). Man will try to cover up his inner evil because once it rises to the surface everyone will know the real...
Hyde”, he becomes two different people. Hyde ends up wreaking havoc in society and brings attention to Dr. Jekyll, who seems to never be around. People are curious and concerned why Jekyll wants to take care of Hyde and leads to an investigation from Mr. Utterson. The effects of Jekyll’s creation become worse as he can no longer control how often he turns into Mr. Hyde and has a decision to make. Jekyll’s conscience ultimately comes into play and knows that he cannot let Mr. Hyde be a permanent character in society as it is too dangerous. After trying to get himself to no longer turn into Hyde fails, he chooses to kill himself. “The pleasures which I made haste to seek in my disguise were...undignified...his every act and thought centered on self; drinking pleasure...from any degree of torture to another; relentless like a man of stone...but the situation was apart from ordinary laws, and insidiously relaxed the grasp of conscience” (129). Jekyll realizes that he has made a bad decision by wanting himself to be able to act on his suppressed ideas as Hyde has put his life in jeopardy after killing a man. Jekyll knows that he cannot be caught because he carries out his evil thoughts through Hyde, who nobody suspects to be Jekyll as that would be seen as nonsense in that time period. However, the decision to kill himself is Jekyll’s conscience taking over and realizing that the possibility of Hyde being a member of society only makes things worse and that he is sorry for his actions and the trouble that he has