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The Disappearing Spoon by Sam Kean was a celebration of the Periodic Table and all its chemical elements. It’s a refreshing story of the oddity and obsession, associated with one of chemistry’s greatest creations. The tales of each element flawlessly lead to another, as Kean animates the history of the Periodic Table. Chapter 4 of The Disappearing Spoon describes the origin of all elements, which was theorized to have occurred during the big bang. People discovered that if this theory was accurate, than the elements would be seen in equal amounts throughout the universe. In reality, the abundance of an element relies on the stars located near by and the history of the area. In 1939, scientists proved that a process called nuclear fusion heated the sun and other stars. It was also discovered that the elements of a star could determine its age. Younger stars usually contained only Hydrogen and Helium, while …show more content…
Supernovas are accountable for the birth of new galaxies and stars, including the Milky Way and its planets. Jupiter is the center of many theories. One speculation considers Jupiter’s core to be solid diamond, or highly compressed carbon. Due to the abnormal mass of the planet, Jupiter has strange weather conditions that lead to large storms, including its Great Red Spot, an anti-cyclonic storm. In 1977, scientists made a major discovery in the origin of the earth. They found traces of iridium in red dust, suggesting that the element had come from a meteorite dating to the time when a mass extinction occurred. The theory was heightened when the layer of dust was shown to be circling the world, proving that a meteorite had in fact caused the mass extinction. Due to the belief that a mass extinction takes place every 26 million years, scientists hypothesized that the sun had a neighboring star, which pulled asteroids into the earth when its rotation came nearer to our
The disaster theory, Gould claims, is an example of good science. It has testable evidence and has an impact on studies in other fields of science, it develops further and explains why the extinction of dinosaurs occurred simultaneously with other events. This theory suggests that a large comet hit the Earth sixty five million years ago, causing the cloud of dust to rise into the sky and to block sunlight. As a result, world temperatures went down significantly, the ice age bega...
...bject disappear or an element can be morphed into the perfect liquid at the right temperature. After a while I realized not only was I challenging the author, but challenging the world as we know it. Of course fact won the war in the end, and I was satisfied. Not only did I get my answers but I gained a new understanding for the book. A respect developed while I read the book a second time purely for enjoyment. In the end I was left with a smile on my face as well as depressive look, because I was happy for an opportunity to have read the book yet sad all the same due to finishing it. A bittersweet ending if you will, but completely worth the time. Overall The Disappearing Spoon is a selection that will be around for generations to come, and I hope for the time to reread it again. I look forward to reading future works of Sam, and I will wait as long as it takes.
Have you ever looked up into the night skies and wondered what might be out there? One question I always wonder is where in the universe might there be a livable planet? Well the answer might be closer than you think, well actually 588 million kilometers away from earth. Jupiter of course is what I’m talking about. Fell first let’s ask the why we might move. Let’s face it earth is not going to be able to be habitable forever in fact ate the rate humans are polluting the atmosphere earth won’t be around that much longer. So might need a new place to live. So could the answer be Jupiter? Before that we need to know a little about the new planet and if it’s able to sustain life. Let’s start with the Jupiter’s history. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. Jupiter was named after the king of the gods and Roman mythology. The ancient Greeks named the planet after Zeus, the king of the Greek pantheon. In 1610, a man that goes by the name “Galileo Galilei” was looking through his homemade telescope when he came across Jupiter. He notice four objects circling Jupiter and described them as "four fixed stars, totally invisible by their smallness" it was there were he discovered four large moons Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto, which underwent several name change but are now known as the Galilean moons. This was the first time celestial bodies were seen circling an object other then Earth. Jupiter spins faster than any other planet, taking 10 hours to complete a turn on its axis, compared to that of 24 hours for Earth. This rapid spin makes Jupiter bulge at the equator and flatten at the poles, making the planet about 7 percent wider at the equator than at the poles. This is Jupiter and this is Jupiter next to the earth. Jup...
Jupiter Research Jupiter is the fifth and largest planet in our solar system. This gas giant has a thick atmosphere, 17 moons, and a dark, barely-visible ring. Its most prominent features are bands across its latitudes and a great red spot, (which is a storm). Jupiter is composed mostly of gas.
Solar nebula is a rotating flattened disk of gas and dust in which the outer part of the disk became planets while the center bulge part became the sun. Its inner part is hot, which is heated by a young sun and due to the impact of the gas falling on the disk during its collapse. However, the outer part is cold and far below the freezing point of water. In the solar nebula, the process of condensation occurs after enough cooling of solar nebula and results in the formation into a disk. Condensation is a process of cooling the gas and its molecules stick together to form liquid or solid particles. Therefore, condensation is the change from gas to liquid. In this process, the gas must cool below a critical temperature. Accretion is the process in which the tiny condensed particles from the nebula begin to stick together to form bigger pieces. Solar nebular theory explains the formation of the solar system. In the solar nebula, tiny grains stuck together and created bigger grains that grew into clumps, possibly held together by electrical forces similar to those that make lint stick to your clothes. Subsequent collisions, if not too violent, allowed these smaller particles to grow into objects ranging in size from millimeters to kilometers. These larger objects are called planetesimals. As planetesimals moved within the disk and collide with one another, planets formed. Because astronomers have no direct way to observe how the Solar System formed, they rely heavily on computer simulations to study that remote time. Computer simulations try to solve Newton’s laws of motion for the complex mix of dust and gas that we believe made up the solar nebula. Merging of the planetesimals increased their mass and thus their gravitational attraction. That, in turn, helped them grow even more massive by drawing planetesimals into clumps or rings around the sun. The process of planets building undergoes consumption of most of the planetesimals. Some survived planetesimals form small moons, asteroids, and comets. The leftover Rocky planetesimals that remained between Jupiter and Mars were stirred by Jupiter’s gravitational force. Therefore, these Rocky planetesimals are unable to assemble into a planet. These planetesimals are known as asteroids. Formation of solar system is explained by solar nebular theory. A rotating flat disk with center bulge is the solar nebula. The outer part of the disk becomes planets and the center bulge becomes the sun.
There isn’t a way to test this hypothesis. As a result, this theory holds little water as true science, although it may hold some validity. The second theory of plant chemical overdosing is also speculation. This theory as well has an untestable hypothesis. The theory that dinosaur extinction was a result of a natural disaster is the definition of real science. It is testable and can be furthered. To test this theory, individuals measured levels of iridium in rocks at the time of the dinosaur’s extinction. Therefore, Iridium is a “the source of testable evidence”. Testable evidence is what separates science and speculation. The testing of iridium alerted many other scientists around the globe to test levels in the rocks at their locations. This fueled the hypothesis and made is well publicly known. The other two theories drifted away and are still not well known. Gould then proves how the theory that the extinction of dinosaurs occurred because of a natural disaster has led to other important findings. He proclaims that because of this theory the renowned scientist, Carl Sagan, studied the climate and nuclear warfare. Sagan found that a nuclear holocaust would instill the same dust cloud that caused the mass deaths of dinosaurs due to blocking the sun. This is also why the Cold War was so
well over 4 billion years ago, the earth was struck by a large body called
Comets and asteroids. They are some of the first celestial bodies that humans observed and truly thought about. From ancient cultures interpreting these near-Earth objects as signs of disaster, to 18th century Europeans studying their paths, to even the extinction of the dinosaurs, comets and asteroids have always been prevalent in the majority of Earth’s history. These objects have intrigued the human race for generations, and continue to do so today. These similar subjects of fascination have many unique and interesting characteristics and a rich history with Earth.
The Big Bang, the alpha of existence for the building blocks of stars, happened approximately fourteen billion years ago. The elements produced by the big bang consisted of hydrogen and helium with trace amounts of lithium. Hydrogen and helium are the essential structure which build stars. Within these early stars, heavier elements were slowly formed through a process known as nucleosynthesis. Nucleosythesis is the process of creating new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons. As the stars expel their contents, be it going supernova, solar winds, or solar explosions, these heavier elements along with other “star stuff” are ejected into the interstellar medium where they will later be recycled into another star. This physical process of galactic recycling is how or solar system's mass came to contain 2% of these heavier elements.
Introduction Undoubtedly, one of the most debated mysteries humanity has ever wondered concerns with the formation of the universe, but more importantly, creation of the Earth. History had been a witness of the battle between the theories of the creation of the Earth, each of which presents considerable arguments (Badash, 1989). In general, the popularity of the debate between the theories explaining the creation of the Earth arises from the conflicts between Science and Religion (Brush, 1990).
Perhaps one of the most interesting features of our fathomless universe are the planets that are classified as gas giants. Huge, turbulent, and distant, the gas giants are some of the most enigmatic features in our Solar System. I have a personal interest to the gas giants and celestial bodies in general. When I was a child, I was fascinated by our Solar System. I read innumerable books about space, and my interests of outer space had been piqued further by other forms of media. Although I held this interest of space, growing up left me with little time to learn about space, and I lost interest for a while. Taking Earth Science in Milpitas High re-invigorated my interests in the celestial bodies. Using this class, I’m now able to focus on learning more about our colossal universe, in particular, the outer planets.
150 million kilometers from the Sun, Earth is the only planet with temperatures moderate enough to facilitate the existence of life and an abundance of liquid water. Its temperature varies between 58 degrees and -89 degrees celsius. The process of earth’s birth took between ten and twenty million years. 4.54 billion years ago, the earth was fabricated as accretions of the remnants of dead stars called the solar nebula coalesced. The gas cloud became dense in its center and formed an accretion disc. As the solar system was young and chaotic, a celestial object nearly the size of Mars collided into earth’s surface, which may have been obliterated had the object been more massive. Material from Earth was jettisoned into orbit and formed the moon. About 4 billion years ago, the oceans formed as the earth was still quite young with rampant outgassing and comic bombardment. As the planet’s surface cooled, water condensed into rain and filled the lower terrain, fabricating oceans. Minerals like salt became incorporated into the ocean via runoff. Water from the inside of Earth came to the surface and descended in the form of rain, only to vaporize once more and become clouds. Millions of asteroids
If these theories are both true, the million dollar question still remains—where did these ancient volcanos and meteorites originate? The Evolving Planet exhibit failed to answer this question suggesting that God caused these
One argument that supports the panspermia theory is the emergence of life soon after the heavy bombardment period of earth, between 4 and 3.8 billion years ago. During this period, researchers believe the Earth endured an extended and very powerful series of meteor showers. However, the earliest evidence for life on Earth suggests it was present some 3.83 billi...
Spoon came back into town carrying Manning in his arms. She was bleeding everywhere and was taken directly to one of the hospitals where they stitched her up. When I came to visit her, Spoon told me that they were clearing a field when Zed came out of nowhere. He was putting on a brave face, but I could tell he was shook up about it. She’s going to need some time to recover, but we’re lucky she’s still alive. She wasn’t the only injury either. For some reason, Daniel thought he’d try and blow up the Zed with some fireworks: It backfired and they exploded in his face. The hospital says he’s going to lose an eye but he’ll be okay. I’m going to talk to Northway about putting him in the guild, where he’ll hopefully cause less damage. These