The Dietary System: Functions Of The Urinary System

. Functions of the urinary system consist of the excretory system in excreting substances, filtering blood plasma to eliminate metabolic wastes and return useful substances to the plasma. It also regulates blood volume by controlling the amount of water in your blood, osmolarity makes sure to maintain fluids in our blood in such that our cells are in isotonic state and pressure. The kidneys secrete two hormones, renin controls the blood pressure and erythropoietin (EPO) causes the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. Metabolic waste in the blood are regulated in the kidneys defaulting the regulation of acid/base balances in the blood by producing urine and becoming acidic.

2. Nitrogenous waste is the elimination of metabolic waste,

Urea comes from protein metabolism, uric acid is from nucleic acid of DNA and RNA metabolism, and creatinine comes from the phosphagen energy system in muscles.

3. The general anatomy of a nephron consist of a renal cortex, which is the outer part with 1cm of tissue near the surface and urine is being created. The renal medulla involves pyramids and columns where urine trickles down to the pyramid and will be captured by the calyx. A small calyx is a minor calyx that merges to form a major calyx, then to merge the renal pelvis leading out of the kidney to a tube called the ureter. It leads down to the urinary bladder where the urine is stored for a while and after storage it will squeeze and release out urine to the urethra. The flow of blood into the kidneys start with renal arteries from the abdominal aorta, branches of the renal artery is the segmental arteries, it forms interlobar arteries that go up the renal columns, between the pyramids. It leads to an arch shape called arcuate arteries that go over the pyramids, interlobular arteries go into the cortex leading to afferent arterioles feeding into the

The different hormones on the renal tubule concern renin with low blood pressure where it’s released by the kidneys and creates angiotensin II to stimulate the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. Aldosterone promotes salt and water reabsorption, decreases urine volume and increases blood pressure. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is being dehydrated and causing the release of ADH which then stimulates water reabsorption in collecting ducts. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) promotes water and salt excretion in response to high blood pressure, the increase in urine volume and decreased blood volume results in decreased blood pressure. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium by increasing calcium absorption in the kidney. It also causes the release of calcium from bones and stimulates production of Vitamin D in the