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Challenges in primary health care
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With the development of health care system and the enhancing awareness of public health care among the society, the quality of health services is widely discussing in the global. Therefore, an international conference on primary health care are committed which is the Declaration of Alma-Ata on primary health care. It strongly reaffirms the importance of accessibility and equity of primary health service s no matter in developed or developing countries (World Health Organization, & United Nations Children 's Fund, 1978). After that, first international conference of health promotion was held which is the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion and followed by seven subsequent global conferences and it built on the progress made through the Declaration …show more content…
The recommendation of this policy is community-based, integrated and family centred approach which can provide more effective, efficient and accessible health services. Another aim is to reduce health inequality by encouraging promotion of patients’ rights and providing services of their choice in order to. Based on the survey of Ministry of Health New Zealand, over 90% of New Zealanders are seeking advice or treatment in the primary health care, however, the most publicity health services are hospitals which belong to secondary health care, therefore, it is a pivotal approach to demolish the barriers between different level of health services. Moreover, the primary and secondary prevention mainly occur in the primary health care services by the general heath promotion programs and early detection and treatment, thus, people can prevent some health problem in the early stage or provide early treatment for some diseases, as a result, it can reduce unplanned hospitalisations not just for short-term disease but also the long- term …show more content…
For the case of HVAZ, meetings are held every three months with different primary health organization and ethnic health committees which are mainly come from the same community and they work together to identify the needs of health, develop plan, implement, monitor and evaluate services and also shared the achievements. This meeting is a good example of ‘Better’ services because people from the community have better understanding of what the particular group of people need and it can help the organization provide better health care services for the community. An example can be seen, HVAZ understand Pacific people have high risk on obesity therefore they organize many activities that reach the need of the pacific people need such as keep fit class, training about Netfit and nutrition. As for ‘Sooner’, it is providing smoother flow between different part of the health services, as a result, reducing the waiting time of treatment. HVAZ provides different health screening and assessment like free cervical smear tests and breast checks, and also explain the test results and the link between lifestyle factors. It can help people to find out the health problem in the early stage and they can have the treatment sooner. Turning to ‘More
...nts of Health and the Prevention of Health Inequities. Retrieved 2014, from Australian Medical Association: https://ama.com.au/position-statement/social-determinants-health-and-prevention-health-inequities-2007
“Health is the state of complete physical, mental, social and intellectual well-beings not merely an absence of disease”(WHO,1998).Good health is essential in life as people’s career will be affected if they fall ill.. In the developed countries like Australia, People who are not involved in the healthy lifestyle are suffering from a range of health disorders like overweight, high blood pressure, obese, heart diseases, obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, kidney problems, liver disorders and so many. To overcome these health issues Australian government introduced health care system. This essay will firstly, discuss the Australian health care system and secondly, compare Australia with other countries around the world in relation to different consideration on health.
Despite the established health care facilities in the United States, most citizens do not have access to proper medical care. We must appreciate from the very onset that a healthy and strong nation must have a proper health care system. Such a health system should be available and affordable to all. The cost of health services is high. In fact, the ...
Also, changing their perceptions about their health and to overcome the issues that restrict them from having a healthy lifestyle. (Lapkin & Doab 2015) Moreover, nurses can prevent illness in the community to worsen and assist them to manage their health. Nurses will have a better understanding of the factors that may influence the patient’s behaviour which can be used to assess them to provide them with better treatment. Further, fulfilling the patient’s needs, preventing further damage to their health while promoting a healthy environment. (Stein-Parbury 2014) Nurses may also promote health equity effectively, in addressing the social determinants of health in public health policies and research to increase health of the community and educate others in taking responsibility of their health, to reduce illness and disease in the community. (Lapkin & Doab
In conclusion, the public health nursing profession is an effective tool for providing primary care to the community. The practice existed since the 19th century; however, its significance emerged in the 21st century as a result of changing demographics and global environment. It compliments health care policies through comprehensive nursing assessment, monitoring and intervention through referrals and social support services such as education to promote self-reliance among people at risk. As a result, it is community-based intervention program that involve everyone at risk. It guides assessment of the community’s health status through an elaborate process. For example, the practice develops and prioritizes plans in accordance with research and analysis of health status such as risk factors and assets within the community.
Public health is an important aspect of human life and there is need for the healthcare practitioners to ensure that they give proper healthcare services to human beings in ensuring their protection. Public health is an art and a science mandated with the responsibility of preventing disease thereby prolonging life of an individual and promotion of the health through different health organizations, societies, public, and private (Aginam, 2005). The major part of public is dealing in the disease prevention rather than curing since the practitioners believe in the core principle that prevention is better than cure. Even though it gives much weight in the prevention, public health also assists in the treatment of various diseases.
Preventative healthcare is an accessible area that continues to increase in the healthcare segment. Preventative healthcare utilizes various methods to educate and avoid illnesses. Preventative healthcare also strives to improve the overall health wellness of Americans (Benedictine University Online, 2015). The functions of preventative health care inform the population, promote healthy lifestyles and provide early treatments for illnesses. The goal of prevention, also known as intervention is to reduce risks and threats to health (Benedictine University Online, 2015). Therefore, primary, secondary and tertiary are three principal components of the healthcare system.
There was a 10 month research conducted in 2011 with health-care facilities around the world. They were invited to participate in a global survey based on the completion of the HHSA...
Studies had shown that, racial disparities, political and socioeconomic status are one of the most determinants of the use of preventive services. Whereas, public programs of international development agencies during this period were also targeting means of eradicating specific diseases such as malaria, cholera, yaws, smallpox, influenza, cancer and the like. After several years of investment in the vertical interventions, preventable diseases remained a major challenge. Therefore, the international health agencies including experts around the globe began examining other alternative approaches to health improvement which brought ‘’health for all’’ through World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) to practioners and the global health planners at the International conference on primary health care in Alma Ata in Kazakhstan. Relative to this, the conference also intended to revolutionize and reform previous health
Population health management is the organization of health care delivered across a population with an aim to improve quality of care while managing cost (McAlearney, 2003). The intent of population health management is to improve the health by addressing a broad range of factors that impact well-being on a population-level, such as environment, social structure, and resource distribution (Kindig & Stoddart, 2003). A significant step in achieving success is by reducing inequities in health among the defined population group (Kindig & Stoddart, 2003). Population health programs include the ability to assess the health needs of a specific population, implement and evaluate interventions to improve the health of that population, and provide care for individual patients in the context of the culture, health status, and health needs of the populations of which they are a member (Association of American Medical Colleges, 1999).
Improving health care services depends in part on ensuring that people have a usual and ongoing source of care. Not having a usual place to go to when sick or in need of health advice delays necessary care which leads to an increased risk. People with a usual source of care are more likely to go in for routine checkups and screenings, and are more likely to know where to go for treatmen...
Primary health care is the indispensable care based on the real – world, systematically sound, socially adequate technique and technology which made unanimously available to the families and every individuals in the community through their fully involvement where the community is capable to afford at a cost to uphold at every phase of their growth in the essence of self-reliance and self-government. Primary health care in international health is associated with the global conference held at Alma Ata in 1978; the conference that promoted the initiative health for all by the year 2000. “Primary health care defined broadly at Alma Ata emphasized universal health care across to all individuals and families , encouraged participation by community members in all aspects of health care planning and implementation and promoted the delivery of care that would be scientifically sound , technically effective , socially relevant and acceptable” (Janice E.Hitchcock,2003). Primary health care is commonly viewed as a level of care or as the entry point to the health care system for its client. It can also taken to mean a particular approach to care which is concerned with containing care, accessibility, community involvement and collaboration between other sectors. The primary health care policy has some principals that have been designed to work together and be implemented simultaneously to bring about a better health outcome for the entire society.
Everyone country has success or strengths within its health care system. These strengths have helped revolutionize the country’s health care system into what it is today.
To achieve vision 2030, health sector is a key pillar through provision of accessible, quality and relevant health services to have a healthy workforce. Increasing allocation of resources, improvement in health personnel and facilities, better health management are among the strides made. However, challenges still exist due to infrastructural constraints, inadequate human resources, increasing cost of medical care, financial constraints, HIV/AIDS Pandemic, increasing non communicable diseases and high poverty levels.
The five principles of HP include building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services (McMurray & Clendon 2015). The first principle aims to incorporate health into all public policy decisions beyond the health system so that living and working conditions become conducive to health and equity (Germov, Freij & Richmond 2015). According to McMurray & Clendon (2015), multi-sectoral collaboration is required among different sectors, such as education, industry and social welfare, with the reciprocally influential policies that guide the community health. The second principle emphasises the socio-ecological approach to health that promotes sustainable environment and broader social support systems that encourage a safe and satisfying life (Germov, Freij & Richmond 2015; McMurray & Clendon 2015). This principle requires to acknowledge the significance of conserving the physical or social resources that allow people to maintain health (McMurray & Clendon 2015). The third principle focuses on information and learning opportunities that enable communities to make knowledgeable choices for better health (McMurray & Clendon