Bird Fancier’s Lung is a disease that affects mostly pigeon breeders but also can be linked to chickens, turkeys, parakeets, feather duvets, moldy hay, sawdust, grain, or excessive fungal growth on walls (Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis, n.d.). Diagnosis of the disease can be a difficult task. Patients suffering from the disease will develop influenza-like symptoms, cough, and shortness of breath. Crackles may be heard over the lungs, and respiratory function tests show a restrictive abnormality (Davis, 1983). The most effective treatment is avoiding all contact with the causative agent. If Bird Fancier’s Lung is not detected early, the patient’s chances for improvement are extremely limited and the disease could also become fatal. Pigeon fancying can be dated back hundreds of years. The ancient Greeks used pigeons to carry messages. Pigeon messaging was even used to aid the British during World War II. Men in Great Britain eventually decided to begin racing the birds to prove their capabilities as superior pigeon breeders. These highly intelligent birds are trained to use their homing instincts to return to their lofts from as far away as hundreds of miles. The official British duration record is 1173 miles in 15 days, and the fastest race speed ever recorded is 110.07 miles per hour (Bourke, 1997). Obviously an animal of this caliber will require many hours of training which can lead to some serious health risks to the pigeon breeder. During the late 19th and 20th centuries, pigeon racing was a widely popular sport among working class men in the industrial districts of south Wales, central Scotland, and the north of England (Johnes, 2007). The pigeon loft was used as an escape from the monotony and pressures of life... ... middle of paper ... ...s allergic antigens capable of causing a person to develop Bird Fancier’s Lung. Symptoms of this disease include fever, cough, dyspnea, a non-wheezing crackling sound in the lungs, and fatigue. Bird Fancier’s Lung can be prevented by wearing a respiratory protective mask, proper work attire, not transporting birds in the rear seat of a vehicle, and limiting the total amount of time spent inside the pigeon loft. If all of these procedures are followed, the pigeon breeder should not be forced to give up the hobby. Pigeon breeders are extremely passionate and committed to the sport, and most are willing to take the risk of the health factors to continue to participate in pigeon racing. The history of this sport that originated in a working-class society is still going strong. Today there are about 83,000 registered pigeon fanciers in Great Britain (Bourke, 1997).
Jennifer Price informs the readers about an economy in which a simple bird helped bloom it. For example the inclusion of many hotels and restaurants that utilized the bird as an eye opener. As she said “ a flamingo stands out in a desert even more strikingly than on a lawn.” The bird was used for numerous things including the affluence of a population that had just gotten out of the Great Depression. Jennifer Price also includes the birds magnificent color and how it also helped the economy.
that pigeons must deal with in order to function in their society, calling pigeons “the spiks
And the new information about the number of beautiful birds used to furnish women’s hats caused further conservation movement. “It is high time for the whole civilized world to know that many of the most beautiful and remarkable birds of the world are now being exterminated to furnish millinery ornaments for womenswear. The mass of the new information that we have recently secured on this traffic from the feather trade headquarters is appalling. Subsequently, new policies and laws are created to give people equal access to wildlife.
Updike, John. "A & P." Pigeon Feathers and Other Stories. (New York : Knopf, 1962).
Sigurdarson,S.T. & Kline, J.N. (2006). School proximity to concentrated animal feeding operations and prevelance of asthma in students. Chest, 129, 1486–1491. Retrieved from http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/129/6/1486.full.pdf
Denotatively a bird is defined as a, Any of a class (Aves) of warm-blooded vertebrates distinguished by having the body more or less completely covered with feathers and the forelimbs modified as wings, often capable of flying. The authors/Glaspell’s strategic comparison of Mrs. Wright to a bird can be interpreted connotatively that she was a free,
Haas, D. F. (1990). The Chronic Bronchitis And EMPHYSEMA. New York,NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Broiler chickens, luckily for them, only live up to 7 weeks old until they are big enough to be slaughtered. Their life starts out in incubator trays with hundreds and thousands of other chicks without enough head room to stand up, and not enough room to take 2 tiny steps. So for the first week of their lives it goes from cramp trays, to cramp boxes, to getting dumped onto the filthy floors of t...
8. Taylor, Dan. 1998. Audubon Society Inspired to Action by Bird Die -offs . 17 Jan. 1998 . E-mail . Available bkus@sunstroke.sdsu.edu
Chronic bronchitis is a disorder that causes inflammation to the airway, mainly the bronchial tubules. It produces a chronic cough that lasts three consecutive months for more than two successive years (Vijayan,2013). Chronic Bronchitis is a member of the COPD family and is prominently seen in cigarette smokers. Other factors such as air pollutants, Asbestos, and working in coal mines contributes to inflammation. Once the irritant comes in contact with the mucosa of the bronchi it alters the composition causing hyperplasia of the glands and producing excessive sputum (Viayan,2013). Goblet cells also enlarge to contribute to the excessive secretion of sputum. This effects the cilia that carry out the mechanism of trapping foreign bodies to allow it to be expelled in the sputum, which are now damaged by the irritant making it impossible for the person to clear their airway. Since the mechanism of airway clearance is ineffective, the secretion builds up a thickened wall of the bronchioles causing constriction and increasing the work of breathing. The excessive build up of mucous could set up pneumonia. The alveoli are also damaged enabling the macrophages to eliminate bacteria putting the patient at risk for acquiring an infection.
Two key scientists in “de-extinction”, Stewart Brand and George Church, hosted a symposium at Harvard Medical School called “Bringing Back the Passenger Pigeon” in February 2012. At this symposium, Church demonstrated his...
Peasants set out to discover their fortune and explore their talents in the free market. The Comte de Virieu, a member of the National Assembly, subsequently suggested the right to control pigeon houses be terminated (Herbert). Because pigeons destroyed crops, the lords had confined all the pigeons.... ... middle of paper ... ...
At the beginning of the industrial revolution in England during the mid-nineteenth century, the railroad was the most innovative mode of transportation known. The British Rail system was a forerunner in railroad technology, uses, and underground engineering. Though the rail system was extremely slow at first and prohibitively expensive to build and run, the British were not to be dissuaded in their pursuit of non-animal driven transportation. The most advanced mode of transportation prior to the introduction of the rail system was the horse drawn omnibus on a track, called a tram. This paper will examine the rail system from a cultural perspective, presenting the impact the railway had on everyday lives in Victorian London and its surrounding communities.
Thank you for referring Ferdinando back to see me for his one-month of history of shortness of breath and cough. As you are aware, he will well up until this stage, but about a month ago he has whats sounds to be a virus lower respiratory tract infection that is causing persisting problems with shortness of breath and cough since then. The cough is productive of a small amount of yellow sputum which is occasionally blood stained. The shortness of breath is on exertion with an exercise tolerance that is quite limited to about 500m from a baseline unlimited exercise tolerance. It is not associated with any significant chest pain. He is not noticing any significant fevers or sweats nor has he noticed any eye problems, rash or any arthralgias.
*The speed of migration is different for different species, depending on when they migrate. *A new study has found interesting differences in the migration speeds of early and late migrants between Europe and Africa. *In general, flight velocity of birds ranges from 20 to 50 miles per hour. *For sustained flight, larger birds typically fly faster than smaller birds. * A common flying speed of ducks and geese is between 40 and 50 miles per hour, but among the smaller birds it is much less. *Herons, hawks, Horned Larks, ravens, and shrikes, timed with an automobile speedometer have been found to fly 22 to 28 miles per hour, whereas some of the flycatchers fly at only 10 to 17 miles per hour. *Even such fast-flying birds as the Mourning Dove