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History of the crossbow
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The crossbow was invented in Ancient China during the Zhou dynasty, around the year 700 BC. A Chinese text, from about 200 BC, gives credit to a Mr. Ch'in of Ch'u for inventing the crossbow. It consisted of a horizontally mounted bow, with a stock and trigger mechanism added. The crossbow is derived from the horizontally mounted bow-trap used by other civilizations around the same time. They had a range of up to 650 feet. The crossbow had a firing mechanism, which was so complicated that it would have been nearly impossible for an enemy to understand how it worked, thus reducing the chance that the crossbow could be copied by hostile civilizations. The crossbow was not invented as an instrument of war, but as a peacemaking device. It was invented
to calm the fighting between states at the end of the Zhou dynasty. The idea was that if someone appeared with a more advanced and more powerful weapon, everyone else would stop fighting and obey the people with the crossbow. The crossbow was considered so advanced that around 200 BC, a law was passed to prevent people from taking crossbows out of China, for fear that enemies would replicate them. Crossbows and trigger mechanisms were mass-produced so heavily that, in about 157 BC, a prince named Liang Hsiao Wang was in charge of regiments that had 50,000 men and several hundred thousand crossbows. Some crossbows were so big that they needed several men to ready them for firing. And, in the eleventh century, rapid-firing crossbows were developed that could fire 20 arrows in only 15 seconds. The Chinese used the crossbow in battle as late as 1895. By then, of course, modem firearms had outdated it. The crossbow is used today as a hunting weapon, and for target practice at archery ranges. Modem crossbows have many metal parts, and are vary lightweight. A slightly modified version of the Chinese crossbow's trigger mechanism is used in modern handguns. The Ancient Chinese invented many things, but I think one of the most important of all is the crossbow.
Long distance weapons were essential to European combat. The main long distance weapons used by Europeans during that time were the longbow and the crossbow. Each form of weaponry had its unique advantages and their pejorative. The long bow (shown in figure 1) was the original form of distance weapons. The term ‘bow’ means to be made from wood, iron or steel. The Welsh, who inhabited England, were the first people to use longbows. Longbows were 6-7 feet long and had a range of 250 yards, and still had the ability to pierce a knight’s armor (Byam 12). A well trained archer could shot 10- 12 arrows in a single minute. Despite these pro’s the longbow had a lot of disadvantages as well. One draw back was only skilled archers, who were costly to train, could use a longbow. Another disadvantage was it didn’t have a ready loaded arrow (Edge 34). The crossbow (shown in figure 2) on the other had been emphatically different. The crossbow had a span of 2-3 feet and could kill a knight on horseback with one shot, because of good aim (Byam 30). Crossbows had ready loaded projectiles, while the longbow didn’t and the crossbow could be used by anyone since it didn’t require any skill. The crossbow did have a down side though, it had slow reloaded because of a crank and it was expensive. Crossbows were also used for other thi...
From 100 CE to 600 CE the Chinese had many cultural and political life changes and continuities. A political change was in the end of the Classical Chinese period when the Han Dynasty fell. A cultural change during 100 CE to 600 CE was the paper invention that led to passing down cultural rituals. Not only were there changes but there was also continuities in the Chinese political and cultural life. An example of a cultural continuity is the increasing power of Buddhism. A political continuity is the ruler of the Chinese wanting the people to be protected with for instance The Great Wall of China.
A Brief History of the Bow Arrowheads have been found in Africa that date back as far as 25,000 to 50,000 B.C. Throughout the next few tens of thousands of years, humans had plenty of time to refine their techniques. Fire-hardening arrow heads, fletching arrow shafts to improve their flight characteristics, "tillering" bows so that the upper and lower limbs have the same bend radius, etc. All of these improvements helped increase the efficiency and accuracy of the bow and arrow, and helped humans to survive and advance throughout the ages. One major advance was the creation of composite bows.
In her article "The body as attire," Dorothy Ko (1997) reviewed the history about foot binding in seventeenth-century China, and expressed a creative viewpoint. Foot binding began in Song Dynasty, and was just popular in upper social society. With the gradually popularization of foot binding, in the end of Song Dynasty, it became generally popular. In Qing Dynasty, foot binding was endowed deeper meaning that was termed into a tool to against Manchu rule. The author, Dorothy Ko, studied from another aspect which was women themselves to understand and explained her shifting meaning of foot binding. Dorothy Ko contends that “Chinese Elite males in the seventeenth century regarded foot binding in three ways: as an expression of Chinese wen civility,
Daily life was influenced in both Ancient India and China because of religion and philosophies. Their well being, their beliefs, and their caste system were affected by religion and philosophies.
For my book project I chose to read a book called, The First Emperor: China’s Terracotta Army, and was edited by Jane Portal. The purpose of this book is to answer mystery questions about the first emperor’s tomb and his under ground army of terracotta soldiers. And to discover more details about the emperor who built it and what he achieved.
Crossbows are a highly effective weapon for hunting and war even in today's standards. The first records of crossbows are from China in the 6th century BC. The knowledge then spreads slowly to the west into Europe during the time of the Roman Empire, the greatest empire of all times. The crossbow remained the favored weapon of war and hunting in Rome until the 15th century when gunpowder was also introduced from China.
Major changes in political structure, social and economic life define the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. Each period laid the foundation for the next, with changes and improvements to create a new order.
The first compasses in Han dynasty China were made of lodestone, a naturally magnetized ore of iron. The compass was later used for navigation by the Song Dynasty. Later compasses were made of iron needles, magnetized by striking them with a lodestone. Dry compasses begin appearing around 1300 in Medieval Europe. This was supplanted in the early 20th century by the liquid-filled magnetic compass.A number of ancient cultures used lodestones, suspended so they could turn, as magnetic compasses for navigation. Early mechanical compasses are referenced in written records of the Chinese, who began using it for navigation sometime between the 9th and 11th century, "some time before 1050, possibly as early as 850." A common theory by historians, suggests
The invention of gunpowder found its way into the artillery cannons in the fourteenth century, but this job was very dangerous because of the unpredictable reaction of the fired explosives. The early production of gunpowder was hampered by the cannon’s slow rate of fire, inability to travel swiftly, lack of aiming capability, and confusion on the mixture. The barrels were one to three inches in diameter and some were even mounted on the bottom of carriages. The development of gunpowder is momentous in history, because it marks the invention of modern warfare.
The first weapon is the Bow and Arrow. The bow and arrow is a ranged weapon used usually for hunting game and can also be used for war purposes. The aztecs used the bow and arrow for various other reasons. The aztecs made these arrows out of certain types of wood. The top of the arrow was made from flint or obsidian. The aztecs used the bow and arrow for long ranged tactics. The bow and arrow can fire up
These kinds of weapons were impractical for military use, but attracted many people to the arms race for weapons that could sweep the battlefield. “They had limitations in practice, among them slow re...
This essay gives an overview of early civilization in China and the different periods within this era. Also, it includes political and cultural pursuits of the people within this time period and the struggles of the Asian peoples and their religious beliefs and community uniqueness and differences.
In Africa, there have been arrow heads that have dated back to before 25,000 BC, and may be dated as far back as 50,000 BC. This suggests the use of a bow and arrow at this time. Archery was probably developed in accordance with the spear thrower, or atlatl. To the prehistory human, archery was the most effective means as to kill their food. The best hunters used this method to subdue prey from long distances, which was a great innovation of their time. No bows from this time period have been recovered as a result of the material from which the bow was made, wood. When a bow would become old or broken, it would simply be thrown into the fire and burned as firewood or simply left to decompose. Hence, the shape of the first bow can only be hypothesized.
The Chinese Empire was large and controlled most of Asia at one point in time. One of the dynasties that ruled the empire was the Ming Family. Ruling from 1368-1644, almost three hundred years, the Ming Dynasty impacted Chinese history very much.