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The Cosquer Cave Discovery
A long, long time ago, 27,000 years ago to be exact, during the glacial period, glaciers over a kilometer deep spanned the country of France from the Alps to the Haute Provence. These glaciers held so much water that they caused the sea level in the Mediterranean Sea to drop well over 100 meters. Prehistoric humans found the entrance to Cosquer cave not far from the seashore and some entered to paint inside it. During this time, men created wonderful pictures on the walls of the cave. But, as the earth warmed up, the sea level began to rise and 17,000 years later the entry to Cosquer cave was completely underwater. The water continued to rise and at present time the cave’s entrance is 37 meters below the level of the sea.
This is the incredible story of Cosquer Cave and its discovery. It was a discovery so unexpected that it was believed to be a deception. Read on as I share with you my own discoveries as I, have explored Cosquer Cave.
In 1991, a diver by the name of Henri Cosquer from Cassis discovered the cave that is now named for him. His discovery was so extraordinary and unexpected that some scientists believed it to be a deception or very probably a farce. But soon after his discovery scientists using modern procedures performed datings that confirmed Cosquer’s discovery. Henri Cosquer had discovered and important archeological site!
The cave is located at Cape Morgiou in the Calanques, near Marseilles. Underwater access to the cave is extremely treacherous, taking explorers through a tunnel 175 meters in length and 37 meters under sea level. As a safety precaution and in order to preserve the site, the entry passage to the cave has now been blocked. However, a three-dimensional reproduction of the cave was created by Electricite de France, allowing a “virtual visit.”
Past dives organized by the French Ministry of Culture have revealed the cave walls to be decorated with a variety of land animals including horses, ibex, shamois, bison, wild ox, megaloceros, and red deer.
The paper talked about the new mud glyph cave art site the was discovered in northern Alabama. It is believe that the artifacts and the images that is located in the cave linked back to the Early and Middle Woodland periods. The cave was named “19th Unnamed Cave” by a naming system that was used be University of Tennessee. Other main points in this paper include the 19th Unnamed Cave, the mud glyph art that it contains, and how the mud glyph contributes to the understanding of mud glyph assemblage preservation, and it helps illuminates the chronological placement of the art form. The cave is located in northern Alabama with a cave mouth of 25 m in diameter and with more than 5 km of underground passageways. The article hypothesized that since the entrance of the cave had some fluvial action, there would no archaeological material that would have been preserved.
The entire tour requires a lot of walking, so wearing tennis shoes is recommended. Dress prepared for a cool environment because while inside the cave you will experience temperatures from 50-60 degrees. As you walk along the tour of the Bristol Caverns, a tour guide will inform you about the history of the cave: such as the original entrance place to the caverns used by the Cherokee Indians and how an early pioneer would store his fruit in the cave for extended freshness (tour guide). While the guide leads you through the cave of the caverns, you can view many formations and scenes. The formations are called stalagmites and stalagtites, which are created by the moisture and minerals in the cave hardening. One inch of these formations lengths can take from 150-300 years to form (tour guide). During the tour you will venture through different levels of the cave.
The Chauvet Cave Paintings: The Oldest Known Cave Art on Earth. Anthropology and History. April 15th 2011.
In 1988, one of Dahmer’s victims escaped. The police became involved, and Dahmer was arrested for child molestation. Dahmer only served part of his sentence and was able to convince the judge that he was reformed and would not do it again. He was released on
Wiley Online Library, 2013. The Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis [online] Available at: <. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1997.tb08143.x/abstract> [Accessed 05 December 2013].
Therefore, it’s difficult to start a conversation between geologists, archaeologists and historians. It’s vital to narrow the research prospects in these fields but also I think there needs to be more scientific discourse between different fields that affect each other in one way or another. The human historical paradigm is grounded in the research of archaeology. However, Hancock debates that the field of geology has more to teach humans about our history than we think. He debates that around 15,000 to 8,000 BC, during the last ice age, an unprecedented world-wide cataclysm was overlooked that led to the extinction of countless species, including the megafauna (Hancock
Jeffrey Dahmer was one of the country’s most notorious serial killers who committed the rape, murder, and dismemberment of 17 men and boys between 1978 and 1991. He used creativity of brutality, unique disposed of bodies, and had a detailed process of choosing his victims.
Cave Paintings have been dated back 30,000 years ago, during a time called the Upper Paleolithic Period where homo-sapiens began to express themselves through rock art and drawings on the walls throughout caves in mostly France and Africa. The process of the art being made was resulted from rocks being ground up to make pigments which were often first engraved into the cave walls or painted directly on them in black and ochre colors. There is no absolute reason behind these cave paintings, but scientist have thought of theories behind the talented artists work. The main three categories that have been studied are animal drawings, shamanism, and human paintings; all of which give reason to a new evolution of the human mind and how the meaning behind the cave art can be an insightful look at what homo-sapiens experienced thousands of years ago.
Clottes, Jean. “Paleolithic Cave Art in France.” Bradshaw Foundation. Bradshaw Foundation. n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2014.
The Lascaux caves were discovered during World War II in a German-occupied section of France on September 12, 1940 (Cannon, 2006). Three local adolescents and two refugees of war were wandering through a field when they heard a dark barking. The dog fell into a small hole near the base of a tree. One of the Adolescents, a boy by the name of Ravidat, went in to save the dog and fell nearly twenty feet onto a sandy bottom. Ravidat and his companions stumbled across what is now known as Lascaux, named after a Chateau that resided on the property. What Ravidat was not aware of at the time, but the cave he stumbled
Just because he wasn’t displaying it openly doesn’t mean he didn’t feel anything. Also, Dahmer, might have been suffering from a mental illness as well as psychopathy. In the testimony of Dahmer’s Psychologist, she mentions that he was suffering from a mental illness called necrophilia. Which is sexual relations or attractions towards corpses. Although this may be true, I still don’t think that having this mental illness would cause a man to commit more than 15 crimes just for his need to have sexual relations with dead bodies because he did more than just kill them and have sex. He mutilated the bodies in various ways. Park Dietz, a highly regarded forensic psychiatrist, mentions that Dahmer wore condoms when having sexual relations with the bodies and many times was drunk which shows his lack of sexual desire and aversion to what he was doing (Adler 104-05). I don’t think any society anywhere would deem this behavior as normal, nor would they accept it as some kind of mental illness. These were deliberate acts he
May 29, 1990 was the first time Jeffrey Dahmer had every participated in necrophilia acts. He had brought Ricky Beeks home and after drugging him, he strangled him and had sex with the body. “Although the most common motive for necrophilia was possession of an unresisting and unrejecting partner, the necrophiles frequently expressed more than one motive for their acts.” (Resnick, P., Rosman, J 2014). This theory works very well when applied to Jeffrey Dahmer because he admits to first killing people because he didn’t want them to leave
MS is a chronic "autoimmune" disease of the central nervous system. The oligodendrocytes decease and the myelin sheath around nerves is destroyed. This process takes place in different areas of the CNS. The openings that emerge because of demyelination are filled by reactive astrocytes (astrogliosis) and develop scar tissue (sclerotic plaque). After demyelination a neuron can no longer effectively conduct electrical signals. Neurological characteristics of patients suffering from MS may include temporary blindness, paralysis, disorientation, double vision and sensory disturbances (Dongxu, H. F. Lee, & D'Souza, 2015) (Bruck, 2005).
One of the biggest questions that humans have is “what is reality”. Plato suggests that, “ we are born in illusions,” (Plato) and that the truth is initially blinding. “The Myth of the Cave,” is a narrative story about the idea of reality, it is explored though an allegory about a man finding out the truth about reality coming from a life in the dark. They can only learn about true mainly through reason and truth. The story is told as a metaphor for what happens in the natural world and how people can be stuck in the dark about reality. Plato tells the story through the voice of Socrates, his mentor.
News, CBC. "Signs of Atlantis found in southern Spain." CBCnews. 14 Mar. 2011. CBC/Radio Canada. 24 Feb. 2012 .