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Feminism in american literature
Feminism in american literature
Feminism in literature Norton anthology american literature
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While the end of the Cold War initially seemed to promise a return to global peace, it instead ushered in a new state of warfare. In examining the wars in the latter half of the twentieth century and beyond as a separate category of “new” wars, the continuous cycle of warfare leads to a reality in which peace is the exception rather than the norm and global conflicts are fought through physical battles on the periphery of the capitalist world system. While new transitional networks draw people together, more and more are excluded as “people’s lives are profoundly shaped by events taking place far away from where they live over which they have no control” (Kaldor 74). Through The Things They Carried and The Corpse Washer, the relationship between …show more content…
While The Corpse Washer occurs in war zone that is also a domestic space for the characters in the text, O’Brien brings the domestic American space to Vietnam through Mary-Anne in order to show that the “kinder, gentler world of the feminine is nothing but an illusion (Smiley 603). As the epitome of American femininity at “seventeen years old, fresh out of Cleveland Heights Senior High” with “long white legs and blue eyes and a complexion like strawberry ice-cream” Mary-Anne dons a pink sweater and white culottes. Her only ambition in life is to marry her childhood sweetheart “and live in a fine gingerbread house near Lake Erie, and have three healthy yellow-haired children, and grow old together and no doubt die in each other’s arms and be buried in the same walnut casket” (O’Brien 90, 89). With her traditional cultural values and appearance, Mary-Anne is the epitome of American female domesticity. However in crossing over to the masculine frontline, Mary-Anne’s transformation to ruthless killer reveals the instability of the traditional value system that separates warfare …show more content…
He continues to compare his own penetration of death to the pomegranate tree outside the mghaysil, which is watered with the runoff from washing corpses stating “like me this pomegranate tree’s roots are here in the depths of hell” (Antoon). However while the pomegranate tree is “always budding, blossoming, and bearing fruit every spring”, Jawad continues the metaphor stating his own “branches have been cut, broken, and buried with the dead” as he lives a zombie-like existence devoid of meaning, trapped between death and life having give himself over to death, or burying his branches with the dead (Antoon). Alongside elements of fantasy, the narration of The Corpse Washer is marked by critical motifs of death, life, art, and traditional culture which are brought together by Jawad’s final realization: “I had thought that life and death were two separate worlds with clearly marked boundaries. But now I know they are conjoined, sculpting each other … my father knew that, and the pomegranate tree knows it as well” (Antoon). By posing life and death in a continual relationship with one another rather than existing in a binary of opposition, The Corpse Washer reveals how involvement in global conflict “waters” the local environment with death and poses the question as to how long a local space can survive or “blossom” when constantly
War is seen as a universal concept that often causes discomfort and conflict in relation to civilians. As they are a worrying universal event that has occurred for many decades now, they posed questions to society about human's nature and civilization. Questions such as is humanity sane or insane? and do humans have an obsession with destruction vs creation. These questions are posed from the two anti-war texts; Dr Strangelove by Stanley Kubrick and Slaughterhouse Five written by Kurt Vonnegut.
War is the means to many ends. The ends of ruthless dictators, of land disputes, and lives – each play its part in the reasoning for war. War is controllable. It can be avoided; however, once it begins, the bat...
Tim O’Brien, in his novel The Things They Carried, retells the many stories he acquired from his time in military service in Vietnam. In one of his chapters, “Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong,” O’Brien has his character Rat Kiley tell the story of a soldier who managed to smuggle his girlfriend into Vietnam. This girl, Mary Anne, arrives in culottes and a pink sweater, giving a portrayal of a feminine character. Throughout the story, she involves herself in progressively gruesome activities, such as performing emergency medical procedures and going on ambushes with the Green Berets; and by the end, she is wearing a necklace of human tongues. This demonstrates that Mary Anne is consumed by Vietnam, and ultimately disappears to become “one with the land.”
The other soldiers in the medical detachment were shocked and amazed at the arrival of Mary Anne, Mark Fossie's girlfriend. She arrived in a typical Americana glory, with her "strawberry ice cream complexion," and in a somewhat lost and tired daze. Her journey was a myriad of plane connections and layovers. Even in her arrival a metaphor is seen as to how a soldier would arrive in Vietnam. The exact arrival of soldiers into the war is somewhat a confusing and shocking fact of debate. Mary Anne was only seventeen when she arrived in Vietnam, but the soldiers over fighting were not much older than her, many the exact same age. After the initial shock of landing in Vietnam wore off, Mary Anne became curious of her surroundings and what was going on in the war. This also is what a young soldier would experience during his first days of service, and he was trying to u...
In this chapter, O’Brien contrasts the lost innocence of a young Vietnamese girl who dances in grief for her slaughtered family with that of scarred, traumatized soldiers, using unique rhetorical devices
Clausewitz emphasizes that “war is a branch of political activity, that it is in no sense autonomous” (Clausewitz, 605). This principle is especially applicable to the post-war period of World War II. The political struggle between the ideologies of democracy and communism would entail global focus for the next 50 years, and the events that brought about the defeat of Germany shaped the landscape of this political struggle.
Once living in the battle zone enviroment, Mary Anne became a completely different person. She became fascinated with guns, knives, and other war weapons. Her curiosity came to good use. Unlike in the beginning of the story, she started escaping with the Green Berets at nights, and sleeping on the cold ground. She now no longer cares about her appearance or her nails, because she chops them short. She stopped wearing jewelry, and instead of make-up, there is now charcoal on her face (98). The way she now presented herself versus the way she arrived to Vietnam undergone drastic change. Her voice became low, and a new sense of confidence filled her soul. She now presented herself as one of the soldiers. The irony is that at the time of the Vietnam War, only men were allowed on the battlefields.
After experiencing the war first-hand, Mary Anne finds her place in the world—in Vietnam with the Green Berets. When she first arrives at the camp, she is a young, innocent girl who does not know anything about the war; however, after staying at the camp for a few weeks and learning about the war, she loses her innocence. Mary Anne’s loss of innocence is reflected in the disturbing imagery used to describe the smell of the Special Forces hootch and her necklace of human tongues. Mary Anne’s true personality is shown when she is chanting along with tribal music in the Special Army hootch. She is no longer an innocent girl but is an experienced young woman with a burning passion for the war.
Kiley is telling the story to illustrate how all GI's changed in their Vietnam experience. The fact that the main character is a woman drives his point even farther home. She is the very portrait of mainstream, wholesome America; the only thing she lacks is an apple pie. Kiley describes her as "This cute blonde - just a kid, just barely out of high school - she shows up with a suitcase and one of those plastic cosmetic bags." (O'Brien 90) This girl is the antithesis of what one would expect to find in Vietnam. She is pure and innocent. Throughout her time in Vietnam she changes from this image to something very different, she spends less time with her boyfriend, Mark Fossie. Mary Anne hangs around with the Green Berets, who are very different from the other soldiers. Eventually she becomes one of them, marking a total transformation, "There was no emotion in her stare, no sense of the person behind it. But the grotesque part, he said, was her jewelry. At the girl's throat was a necklace of human tongues. Elongated and narrow, like pieces of blackened leather, the tongues were threaded along a length of copper wire, one overlapping the next, the tips curled upward as if caught in a final shrill syllable." (O'Brien 110) Vietnam changed Mary Anne; it forced her to become something as foreign to America as the war itself.
“And then one morning, all alone, Mary Anne walked off into the mountains and did not come back” (110). Tim O’Brien’s short story “The Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong” presents an all-American girl who has been held back by social and behavioral norms – grasping for an identity she has been deprived the ability to develop. The water of the Song Tra Bong removes Mary Anne’s former notion of being as she, “stopped for a swim” (92). With her roles being erased Mary Anne becomes obsessed with the land and mystery of Vietnam and is allowed to discover herself. Through the lenses of Mark Fossie and the men in the Alpha Company, Mary Anne becomes an animal and is completely unrecognizable by the end of the story. Mary Anne, however, states she is happy and self-aware. The men of the Alpha Company argue for virtue in that Mary Anne was “gone” (107) and that what she was becoming “was dangerous… ready for the kill” (112). They did not want to accept a woman becoming something different from what women always were. In “How Tell to a True War Story” we are told that a true war story “does not instruct, nor encourage virtue, nor suggest models of proper human behavior” (65). Mary Anne did not truly become ‘dark’, because to her this is not a story about war; this is a story about a woman attempting to overcome gender roles and the inability of men to accept it.
Mary Anne is initially introduced to the audience, narrated by Rat Kiley, as an innocent and naïve young woman present in Vietnam solely to visit her boyfriend, Mark Fossie. She arrives in “white culottes” and a “sexy pink sweater” (86), and is deemed by the other soldiers as no more than a happy distraction for her man. As Mary Anne settles in though, her abundant curiosity of Vietnam and the war heighten, and she soon enough possesses as much interest in the war as many of the men. Forward, Mary Anne’s transformation into a soldier begins as she leaves her sweet femininity behind. No longer caring for her vanity, she falls “into the habits of the bush. No cosmetics, no fingernail filing. She stopped wearing jewelry, [and] cut her hair short” (94). Mary Anne’s lost femininity is also evident when she handles powerful rifles like the M-16. Not only does the weapon literally scream out masculi...
The “Man I Killed” takes us into the Vietnam War and tell us about a soldiers first time of killing another individual. The author describes a Viet Cong soldier that he has killed, using vivid, physical detail with clear descriptions of the dead mans’ fatal wounds. O'Brien envisions the biography of this man and envisions the individual history of the dead Vietnamese soldier starting with his birthplace moving through his life, and finished with him enrolling in the Vietnamese Army. O'Brien also describes some of the dead soldiers’ hopes and dreams. The author uses this history in an attempt to make the dead man more realistic to the reader
In the book The Things They Carried, by Tim O'Brien gender stereotypes of women who fought in the Vietnam War are represented through some of the short stories. One short story in particular is "Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong" which describes a woman who participated in the Vietnam War and went beyond some of her gender roles that were placed on her. In this war women had certain roles they had to fulfill with many of them being non-traditional ones. This paper will discuss the concept of Cultural Studies in literature about the Vietnam War.
This story enhances the literary work for it shows what can happen if you embrace a culture while surrounded by others who are just simply living off the land not being courteous to those who live on it. Her love for this land changed her forever, She is not the same sweet innocent Mary Anne who came off of that helicopter, and she is now one with Vietnam. This is a metaphor for what took place in the lives of soldiers, they go there expecting to just "hump" along but get consumed by the land. It forever changes them so that they will never be the same again. There minds are forever warped, they will go in as one person and leave another. The speaker uses Mary Anne as an accelerated version of a soldier's life to make a dramatic effect. She is to show how much a man changes after war, no matter how hard they try to deny it. The war has became a part of them.
War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning, written by the talented author Chris Hedges, gives us provoking thoughts that are somewhat painful to read but at the same time are quite personal confessions. Chris Hedges, a talented journalist to say the least, brings nearly 15 years of being a foreign correspondent to this book and subjectively concludes how all of his world experiences tie together. Throughout his book, he unifies themes present in all wars he experienced first hand. The most important themes I was able to draw from this book were, war skews reality, dominates culture, seduces society with its heroic attributes, distorts memory, and supports a cause, and allures us by a constant battle between death and love.