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Roles and functions of media in influencing public opinion on selected issues
Roles and functions of media in influencing public opinion on selected issues
The media and foreign policy
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The end of World War II presented an opportunity for Winston Churchill to regain some of the power and influence that the Imperialistic British Empire once possessed. Churchill took advantage of the trust and respect that the American public and President Truman shared about his character. He saw Truman's lack of political experience as an opportunity to restore British imperial authority. Winston Churchill tainted Harry Truman's beliefs and preservations about Russia, because his personal agenda and imperial policy where vital to the supremacy of the British Empire. Churchill manipulated Truman and the American public. He caused them to believe that Russia was a legitimate threat to the free world, thus he created the origins of the Cold War.
During the Yalta Conference, the United States and Britain were forced to finally confront the diplomatic impact of the Russian military success in Europe. Churchill and Roosevelt were most concerned about the future of Poland. Both Churchill and Roosevelt knew that Polish voters in the United States and Britain were concerned about the future of their mother country. Therefore, Poland was the main debating point during the conference. Stalin explained to Churchill and Truman that throughout history Poland had been used as a corridor through which other hostile countries invaded Russia or attacked her. Stalin held to the notion that only a strong, pro-Communist government in Poland would be able to guarantee the security of Russia.
After Roosevelt returned to the United States, many Americans accused him of not doing all he could to secure Poland with a free, non-communist government. Many Americans felt that Roosevelt did not dig in his diplomatic heels. With help from the press, thi...
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... "He possesses inborn militaristic qualities, and is intensely proud of his descent from Marlborough". This opinion of Churchill was well deserved, because Churchill gave individuals fuel to flame such notions. When Churchill worked as a correspondent for the English newspaper the "Morning Post" during the Boer War. He wrote "There is only one way to break the resistance of the Boers: the most severe suppression. In other words, we must kill the parents to teach the children respect for us." The same young correspondent reported about an English punishment expedition to the Mamund Valley, "We went systematically from village to village, destroying the houses, ruining the wells, breaking the towers, felling the larger shade-giving trees, burning the harvest and destroying the water reservoirs, after fourteen days the valley was a desert and our honor was satisfied".
Both Truman’s and Eisenhower’s governments were engaged in the Cold War, and contributed to increased tensions with Russia. Truman was the initiator of the containment policy, which was implemented throughout the duration of the Cold War. This policy was put into effect in order to prevent the spread of communism.
Influenced by the fear of communism by American society and containment beliefs of people like George Kennan, who advocated that the US should use diplomatic, economic, and military action to contain communism, Truman established the Truman Doctrine, which stated that the US would protect democracies throughout the world, pledging the US would fight it around the world. This doctrine was an extension to both the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary. In dealing with foreign policy, Truman did everything to protect nations of being consumed by communism, such as the Berlin Airlift, in which Truman decided to avoid the Soviet blockade of West Berlin and flew supplies directly over to the people in need. In Asia, Truman decided to use limited warfare, meaning the lack of atomic weapons, and was highly criticized by Douglas MacArthur, commander of the army, who he later dismissed for not following US policy.
Foreign and domestic policies during the Cold War lead to both the separation of world powers and the fear of political and social systems throughout the world. After World War 2 ended, tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union heightened. The agreements made at the Yalta Conference between Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt, were not being followed by the Soviets. The Soviet Union kept the land they reconquered in Eastern Europe and did not enforce a democratic government in those countries, as they promised. Instead, the Soviet Union decided to continue spreading communism in their reconquered lands.
“Was Truman Responsible for the Cold War”, well, according to author Arnold A. Offner, his simplistic answer is an obvious “yes.” “Taking Sides” is a controversial aspect of the author’s interpretation for justifying his position and perception of “Truman’s” actions. This political approach is situated around the “Cold War” era in which the author scrutinizes, delineates, and ridicules his opponents by claiming “I have an ace in the hole and one showing” (SoRelle 313). Both authors provide the readers with intuitive perceptions for their argumentative approaches in justifying whether or not “Truman” contributed to the onset of the “Cold War.” Thus far, it would be hard-pressed to blame one single individual, President or not, for the “Cold War” initiation/s. Information presented show the implications centered on the issues leading up to the Cold War”, presents different ideologies of two Presidents involving policy making, and a national relationship strained by uncooperative governments. However, evidence that is presented may indicate otherwise as Joseph Stalin provides adequate counter claims for discrediting the “simplicity” of “yes”.
Stalin, the Premier of the Soviet Union had always distrusted the American and English intentions. Because of Stalin's aggression and attitude pertaining to Soviet influence on Europe, the postwar stance on Russia had turned into a standoff. This became the origin of the Cold War. The Cold War, seen as a battle between communism and capitalism, was "in reality a more complex struggle over a broad range of ideological, economic, and strategic issues." Over the next several years the United States would spend more money on military and defense than ever before. Several measures were taken to ensure that the same mistakes at the end of World War I would not be repeated. The first in a series of measures was a postwar conference involving President Truman and the Soviet Foreign Minister, V.M. Molokov, where Truman controlled the entire meeting and basically scolded the Soviet's for not honoring agreements on Poland. Truman "told the Russians just where the got off and generally bossed the whole meeting." This symbolized America's strong-arm stance against communism and signified the position we would hold throughout the Cold War. The next ...
The Truman Doctrine and the Development of American Foreign Policy during the Cold War On March 12, 1947, President Harry S. Truman defined United States foreign policy in the context of its new role as a world superpower. Many historians consider his speech to Congress as the words that officially started the Cold War. The Truman Doctrine was a major break from U.S. historical trends of isolationist foreign policy. His speech led to the Cold War policy of containment.
Truman’s foreign policy was what I believe to be the most effective foreign policy during the Cold War. The foreign policy Truman followed was known as confrontation, which was most likely because he confronted many political and economic challenges during his time as president. Truman’s policy included the Truman Doctrine, Containment, and the Marshall Plan all three of these policies of confrontation were ultimately made to protect the United States and help the allied countries.
Outline of Essay About the Origins of the Cold War OUTLINE: Introduction- 1. Definition of ‘Cold War’ and the Powers involved 2. Perceived definition of ‘start of Cold War’ 3. Iron Curtain Speech, Truman Doctrine and Berlin Blockade as significant events that caused strife between both powers, but which triggering off the start of the Cold War Body- 1. Iron Curtain Speech (1946) - A warning of Soviet influence beyond the acknowledged Eastern Europe - Churchill’s belief that the idea of a balance in power does not appeal to the Soviets - Wants Western democracies to stand together in prevention of further
The thirty-third president of the United States initiated great change within our country. Harry S. Truman, the creator of the Truman Doctrine created an era of change in United States foreign policy. Truman was the first to create a foreign policy in order to contain Communism, a policy that has been called, 'the hallmark of the Cold War.'1 The Truman Doctrine led to major changes in the U.S., from its inception, to its influence in the Vietnam War.
The United States and the Allied Powers faced many challenges at the end of WWII. America's policy was one that contained the spread of communism in Eastern Europe. Russia, under Lenin's rule called for a world revolution and brought the United States into it. It was not until after WWII, that the cold war really began, when the political power of the world shifted from the center of Europe to Moscow and Washington. The Cold War began after the collapse of Germany in May 1945(http://www.coldwar.org/indexrus.html). The creation of the cold war came from the disagreements for postwar Europe and the Far East. Each superpower, the United States, Britain, France and Russia had their own idea of how postwar Europe should look, and many of their ideas clashed. The Cold War arose not from one isolated event, but from the different ideologies and interests between the Soviet Union and the west. Also the Russian government was seeking revenge on the United States because the United States did not enter the war effort soon enough and that caused for more Russian casualties.
When discussing the Cold War, there are two questions that never fail to come up: When did it start? And, when did it end? While the latter is more difficult to pinpoint, there is a clear starting point for the Cold War. Most arguments for the beginning are in fact post WWII events and nothing more. As the Cold War progressed there is much blame to go around, but it started with President Truman. With fear of the United States falling back into the Depression, President Truman used post WWII fallout to justify the Soviets as and enemy and in turn start the Cold War. By looking at the progression of events, and Truman’s actions, it cannot be clearer that he manipulated his citizens to march forward into a war that would last for many years to come.
Poland’s Foreign Policy dealt with Germany, when Hitler wanted to annex Polish territories and subordinate the remaining parts of Poland. Poland responded to this by maintaining a normal and friendly relationship with Nazi Germany, and with hostility to the Soviet Union. The Policy also dealt with Lithuania when Poland asked them to re-establish diplomatic relations with Poland and to reopen their previously closed border with Poland.
United States’ president Roosevelt had died April 1945, so his successor Harry Truman attended this meeting. Truman demanded immediate free elections for countries in Eastern Europe, but Stalin refused. He justified his view by saying that free-elections would be anti-Soviet and therefore threaten his government. (713) Distrust between the east and west came about because Westerners viewed Soviet policy as a conspiracy for world-wide communism. While Soviets viewed Western policy as a plot for global capitalism.(713) The Allies’ only truly common goal was the end of Nazism and once this had been achieved many disagreements arose, thus the beginning of the Cold
After the end of World War 2 Churchill realized, that Stalin had gained control of a large portion of Asia, and now was trying to spread the ideals Communism. Churchill saw this as not only a threat to the United States and Great Britain, but also as a possible threat of a future war, between the English speaking world and Russia. Something that he desperately wanted to prevent.
While global inequality may be setting the stage for the international revolution that Marx idealized in modern society; we can look at the past century to help explain the global battle between Marxist communism and capitalism. During the better part of the twentieth century, the Communist Soviet Union battled American Capitalism in the Cold War. The Cold War was a battle between ideologies and economic systems and demonstrated the ability of both capitalism and communism to spread around the world. The beginning of the conflict was the result of the end of the previous conflict, World War Two. After the Second World War there was a lot of instability in the world caused by a great war between world powers. The war caused the destruction