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Policy as a key element in the policy making process
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In the Freakonomics Radio podcast “The Cobra Effect”, producer Katherine Wells explores a problematic situation that affected the residents of Fort Benning, Georgia. With a population of over 120,000 residents, Fort Benning is twice the land area of Atlanta, Georgia. This is plenty of space for the thousands of pigs that inhabited Fort Benning. Retired Vietnam War veteran Bill Brickner described pigs as a nuisance and pointed out that only a handful of pigs can cause damage to military equipment. With the growing pig population in Fort Benning came a call to action. In the summer of 2007, Fort Benning officials established a policy named the “Pig Eradication Program” in hopes of decreasing the pig population. This policy called for a bounty …show more content…
As long as the slaughtering of pigs is approved by Fort Benning residents, cultural relativists would say that this policy is acceptable for them. Cultural relativists would also say that this practice is moral for the residents because it is accepted and encouraged by Fort Benning officials to kill pigs. As far as the selling of pig tails is concerned, cultural relativists would agree that it is fine as long as it is common practice among the inhabitants. Johnny and Jason Daffen of Daffen’s meat processing admitted that numerous people called them in hopes of purchasing pig tails from them. It should be noted that cultural relativists would not approve of this policy when it comes to a culture that forbids the slaughter of pigs. This means that in such a culture, the Pig Eradication Program would be immoral according to cultural relativism. Fortunately for the residents of Fort Benning, cultural relativists have no problem with the policy in their …show more content…
In addition to its ineffectiveness, the program is also immoral. A program that entails murdering a countless amount of pigs in a futile effort to control the population is not moral by any means. Sadly, the result of this program was the death of thousands of pigs within a 3 year time span. The fact that Fort Benning officials did not care about where pig carcasses were left is a testament to how disgusting and barbaric the program was. To make matters worse, pigs were only bred to be killed and have their tails removed. Above all things, greed was the prime motivator among those who participated in the pig slaughtering. To the inhabitants of Fort Benning, 40 dollars was worth more than the lives of thousands of pigs. With over 125,000 dollars paid off to bounty hunters, the program only benefitted those with aspirations of taking advantage of a flawed policy to make a profit. It is safe to say that this policy was lacking in its ability to produce its intended effect and its ability to be morally justified. A better alternative to the Pig Eradication Program is a program that involves researching where the large amounts of pigs are coming from and understanding how they are breeding so rapidly. Officials of Fort Benning would then have to focus on stopping pig breeding rather than individually killing pigs who were already alive. Such a
In the introduction, Blackburn constructs a clear antithesis between absolutism and relativism, and illustrates their focuses with colloquial words like “bullshitting” and “fetish”. Although this way of expressing ideas is kind of rude, it makes audiences easily understand the ongoing conflict between these two ideas and intrigue them to read more. The rest of the article continues such fun style of writing until the part where the author begins to point out the problems within the prevalent idea, relativism. The author’s reasoning against relativism starts with an imaginary debate where pros and cons are discussing the validity of banning fox hunting. Then the author introduces a relativist, Rosie, who tells the pros and cons that “The truth you are holding is relative; what you believe is true may not be true for the other.” Since this point, the author’s reasoning begins to become intense. First, he argues that what Rosie suggests doesn’t contribute to the debate because with or without her intervention, the debate will remain controversial. Then he digs deeper by suggesting that Rosie may want to emphasize toleration is essential yet such claim is actually absolute, which contradicts the relativist value that Rosie believes. Finally, Blackburn states that in order to avoid such paradox, Rosie may assert that “You have your truth; I have mine”, yet it still doesn’t contribute anything to the
The current situation today, is that horses and donkeys have exceeded the amount to keep an ecological balance; from 26,600 wildlife to 38,300 wildlife. The horse program enacted by the bill passed in 1971, costs the government approximately $49 million a year. It takes the majority of the budget to manage the already captured horses; taking into account the life of the horses, it has been concluded that the total cost would be closer to $1 billion (Dean Bolstad, Roundup of Wild Horses…). A Federal law, allows the Bureau of Land Management to kill “excess horses to maintain what it calls ‘a thriving natural ecological balance’” (Ginger Kathrens). However, due to retaliation of animal right groups, the BLM has not taken any measures to eliminate
Norcross, Alastair. “Puppies, Pigs, and People: Eating Meat and Marginal Cases.” Philosophical Perspectives 18, (2004): 229-245.
The U.S. Department of Interior’s, Bureau of Land Management, (BLM) was appointed to carry out the Act and given the task of managing the herds of wild horses and burros. Consequently, BLM’s management of wild horse herds has been highly criticized by animal rights activists, horse advocates, news media, as well as members of Congress. There have been numerous lawsuits filed against BLM regarding their management practices and their appalling wild horse round-ups. However, unimpeded BLM continues with the controversial issue of wild horse round-ups, resulting in the death and injury of many wild horses and burros. The vast majority of these round...
Around the world it is acceptable to eat certain animals depending on one’s culture. “The French, who love their dogs, sometimes eat their horses. The Spanish, who loves their horses, sometimes eat their cows. The Indians, who love their cows, sometimes eat their dogs” (Foer 604). “Let Them Eat Dog” is an excerpt from Eating Animals by Jonathan Safran Foer. The excerpt explains the many benefits to eating dogs and the taboo behind it. The author also uses humor, imagery and emotional appeal to get across to the reader the logic of eating dogs. One chooses to eat meat based on what the culture deems acceptable. Foer questions why culture deems certain animals acceptable to be eaten, and illustrates why it should be acceptable to eat dogs. The
The author¡¯s techniques in Rattler convey not only a feeling of sadness and remorse but also a sense of the man¡¯s acceptance of the snake¡¯s impending death. The reader can sense the purpose of the author¡¯s effective message through the usage of diction, imagery, and organization.
American consumers think of voting as something to be done in a booth when election season comes around. In fact, voting happens with every swipe of a credit card in a supermarket, and with every drive-through window order. Every bite taken in the United States has repercussions that are socially, politically, economically, and morally based. How food is produced and where it comes from is so much more complicated than the picture of the pastured cow on the packaging seen when placing a vote. So what happens when parents are forced to make a vote for their children each and every meal? This is the dilemma that Jonathan Safran Foer is faced with, and what prompted his novel, Eating Animals. Perhaps one of the core issues explored is the American factory farm. Although it is said that factory farms are the best way to produce a large amount of food at an affordable price, I agree with Foer that government subsidized factory farms use taxpayer dollars to exploit animals to feed citizens meat produced in a way that is unsustainable, unhealthy, immoral, and wasteful. Foer also argues for vegetarianism and decreased meat consumption overall, however based on the facts it seems more logical to take baby steps such as encouraging people to buy locally grown or at least family farmed meat, rather than from the big dogs. This will encourage the government to reevaluate the way meat is produced. People eat animals, but they should do so responsibly for their own benefit.
Weeks, P., & Packard, J. (2009). Feral hogs: Invasive species or nature. Human Organization, 68(3), 280-292. Retrieved from http://wk4ky4tk9h.scholar.serialssolutions.com.library.esc.edu/?sid=google&auinit=P&aulast=Weeks&atitle=Feral Hogs: Invasive Species or Nature's Bounty?&title=Human organization&volume=68&issue=3&date=2009&spage=280&issn=0018-7259
At the turn of the twentieth century “Muckraking” had become a very popular practice. This was where “muckrakers” would bring major problems to the publics attention. One of the most powerful pieces done by a muckraker was the book “The Jungle”, by Upton Sinclair. The book was written to show the horrible working and living conditions in the packing towns of Chicago, but what caused a major controversy was the filth that was going into Americas meat. As Sinclair later said in an interview about the book “I aimed at the publics heart and by accident hit them in the stomach.”# The meat packing industry took no responsibility for producing safe and sanitary meat.
The actions of the pigs express this theme by starting with good intentions, but slowly becoming more and more like what they were trying to avoid. In the beginning of the story Old Major gives a speech to the animals on the farm, and in this speech he mentions how cruel the humans are. During his speech Old Major uses Boxer the horse as an example when he says “You, Boxer, the very day that those great muscles of yours lose their power, Jones will sell you to the knacker, who will cut your throat and boil you down for the foxhounds.” (Orwell 11). He then proceeds to tell the animals that once they revolt the cruelty will end, and at first it does, but soon the pigs begin to act more like humans. The pi...
In today’s world, people have always strived to create a utopian society. In the novel ANIMAL FARM written by George Orwell, the animals strive to create their own utopian society based on equality and prosperity. Animalism was created to, as like the Ten Commandments, Animalism’s Seven Commandments were rules for the animals to live by. However, similar to God’s rules, Animalism was a difficult concept for all the animals to follow and live by. Secondly, the collapse of Animal Farm was due to the animal’s own intelligence and their ability to fully understand how the farm was being run. Finally, the failure of Animal Farm was due to in large part by the pigs power over the other animals and the greed and desires that the pigs wanted to achieve. Therefore, the collapse of Animal Farm had to do with Animalism itself, the animals, and the corruption of the pigs.
Lobban, Richard, Jr. (1994, February). Pigs and Their Prohibition. International Journal of Middle East Studies 25(1), 57.
The rebellion fails due to the blindness of the animals, accepting each other as equal, but do not notice the pigs adding new rules to suit themselves, ‘no animal shall kill another animal without due cause.’
By the end of the story, Orwell states that it “[is] impossible to tell” (p. 141) pig from human as they sit as allies around a table. In the Commandments that once ruled their society, all the animals vowed never to be in contact or trade with a human, let alone act like one. The corruption caused by their rise to power has influenced the pigs so greatly that they have betrayed their people and their beliefs, which were once pure and based on the motives that drove all animals to strive for a better, fairer life. The pigs clearly once passionately believed that, as it was none other than a pig by the name of Old Major who gave the speech that inspired the Animalist rebellion. Old Major himself said that “all men are enemies” (p. 10), and this was an ideal by which all pigs lived prior to their ascent to authority. Through this passage, Orwell clearly warns how even those who seem pure and driven by good can turn horribly bad when given too much
In explaining Cultural Relativism, it is useful to compare and contrast it with Ethical Relativism. Cultural Relativism is a theory about morality focused on the concept that matters of custom and ethics are not universal in nature but rather are culture specific. Each culture evolves its own unique moral code, separate and apart from any other. Ethical Relativism is also a theory of morality with a view of ethics similarly engaged in understanding how morality comes to be culturally defined. However, the formulation is quite different in that from a wide range of human habits, individual opinions drive the culture toward distinguishing normal “good” habits from abnormal “bad” habits.