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Conclusion/reflection on gender bias
Short essay on gender biases
Negative effect of gender bias in schools
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In the video of the Changing Face of Feminist Psychology, Naomi Weisstein wrote a paper that women were not valued in their experiences” the uselessness that present psychology with regard to women is simply a special case of the general conclusion” (Young, 2010). One account of sexism is Bernice Lott told her story about graduate studies and she recalls her meeting, and she said that the professor told her that she would be out of her studies. She would bear children. Another account sexism is from Florence Denmark she recalls her experience with her husband’s job. Florence Denmark’s job was placed on the lowest position because of her husband job of being a dentist.
The chapter review question one deals with sex and gender. Sex refers to
the biological characteristics related to the sex organs. Gender has to deal with human culture and socialization. How boys learn masculine body postures is in gender because of the socialization of how boys should learn to be rough and play tough. For example “ A friend showed me a photo of her 7 month old son, whom the photographer had posed with a football” (Maltlin, 3). How girls learn to be feminine is also gender because of human culture, and socialization. Girls learn to stand still and to be quiet. How hormones influence female and male fetus prior to birth that has to do with the sex provide to the fetus. The self-confidence between elderly males and females has to deal with gender and the socialization that the elderly men and women had. The development of puberty has to do with the sex characteristics that were assign to the fetus. In conclusion sex and gender are often interchangeable, but it is psychological article do not mention it as two different concepts. Sex has to do with the organs and gender has to deal with the human culture and socialization.
In the article “A Rant About Women” by Clay Shirky he explains how adult males are better at furthering themselves, how females have more pressure about how the world views them. More men are usually the ones lying than women for career purposes. Shirky’s article starts a little sexist to with some tough criticism made towards women entering the job market. The author and I shared similar experiences such as lying to get ahead in our respective lives, as well as differences such as blaming a certain gender for one's wrong doing. and I was fortunate enough to not go through this.
illustrates the discrimination against women and the issues that arise from a gender double standard society.
Gould explains that a life without the pressure of gender norms essentially frees a person to develop and mature with a lack of limitations. It is suggested that the idea that an individual’s sex should not matter until one might decide how they want to portray themselves. She recognizes that people may not understand or accept this life choice, but if one can live ignoring constant ridicule and criticism brought on by a society who value gender norms, they will ultimately be more well-rounded in all aspects of their life. (Gould, 1972) Richardson does not necessarily oppose Gould’s view, but rather focuses on how women specifically are negatively influenced by gender stereotyping. It is brought up that “Linguistic practice perpetuates in men their feelings of dominance over and responsibility for women.” (Richardson, 1981) While females are seen in society as dependent, incompetent, immature objects who are defined in terms of their relation to men, males are autonomous, independent beings who are defined primarily to the world of work. (Richardson, 1981) In Richardson’s view, gender stereotyping not only perpetuates hate and sexism towards women but also forces men to behave a certain way in order to uphold the patriarchy. This idea is so engrained in modern society that it would be difficult to raise a child in the idealistic way Gould
into a house, the bully pushing to the front of a queue, the driver trying to
Women are faced with extreme pressure and alienation in their career fields, and on average earn less than men. Men, on the other hand, face similar pressure, while underachieving compared to women academically, and facing more dangerous occupations. Clearly, this system benefits no one. Michael Kimmel illustrates this point in “A black woman took my job': Michael Kimmel argues that it is in men's interest to work for gender equality.” The title itself emphasizes how the fight for gender equality will benefit both genders. He discusses how sexism is harming men by narrowing their worldview (2). Slaughter, Ullman, Kaplan, Dorment, Knestaut, and Miller all agree with Kimmel to some extent. They all agree gender equality does not exist. When all these perspectives are brought together, it becomes clear that it is in the best interest of both genders that the fight for equality is still pursued. Hopefully, one day women will earn as much as their male counterparts and be equally represented in both careers and intentional unemployment, and men will be attaining higher education goals and employed in less dangerous occupations, and both genders will be relieved of some of the pressure to dedicate 100% of their time to both a career, and a
In socialist feminism assumes that the historical materialist method Mark and Engels with his ideas about the personal is political in the radicals do synthesis. Of course, with the hope of maintaining Femininity, because of perceived persecution in class even in the socialist revolution cannot dignify women, then by the socialists the need for a merger between class analysis and the analysis of
The contribution of the feminist standpoint in IR theory definitely sparks discussion and debate bringing forth new perspectives which demand to be heard and considered from the more ‘orthodox’ IR theories, previously privileged assumptions and preconceived ideas. This grand entry for the feminists was towards the denouement of the Cold War in the 1980’s , Kirkpatrick; influential US ambassador of the UN during that period was noted to have said that she felt like a “mouse in a man’s world”. Is this still the case with women worldwide and particularly in the West? Tickner’s groundbreaking work set the foundation and key to early feminist IR. Whilst simultaneously interrogating the core issues in mainstream IR, particularly in peace and security, contingent on feminist bases for gendered grasp of issues that have defined it. In this essay we will firstly try to identify and comment on the emergence of feminism within IR in the 80’s. Secondly, we will pin-point and analyze which contributions were of the greatest importance, predominantly via Tickner and Keohane. Finally we will look at the impact and importance of the different types of feminist theories and whether or not they have achieved at enriching our understanding of IR theory.
Oswald, Debra L., Stephen L. Franzoi, and Katherine A. Frost. "Experiencing Sexism And Young Women's
The author, Naomi Wolf, has provided us with a very thoughtful and well-researched treatise on the feminine experience. It is full of studies and statistics to back up her claims, which makes her message hard to deny. The issue she is bringing to our attention needs to be addressed by both sexes, for women are not the only ones being manipulated by the media into feeling insecure and unhappy with themselves. This book will hopefully spark more discussion and research on how our culture cultivates the stereotypes of women as sex objects and men as success objects, to the detriment of all of us.
One thousand years go by and an abundant amount of people still view women in a stereotypical type of way. On the opposing view, if women did not overstretch the slightest of things, this wouldn’t be such an enormous issue. Women may be overreacting to what the media has to say about them. It is not affecting everybody but a vast majority of successful women from continuing to moving forward said Marianne Schnall. Important to realize, women are capable of doing jobs men can do. Such jobs as being an engineer, physician, mechanic, lawyer and even top notch business women! Up to the present time there is an ongoing public debate on women suffering from double standards. If it makes a female feel threatened or belittled than it may be sexist. A very interesting article this came to be because the writer had numerous accountants to keep her argument steady. A worthy writer brings up present time activities, statistics, and people being affected by the scenario and provides the reader some closure. With a devastatingly crucial issue such as women being shunned by the media, it’s not okay to have the ideas of other people in your work. In the article, “Controversial Hillary Cover of Time Illuminates Sexism in the Media” by Marianne Schnall, implies that the media is negatively affecting the chances of women becoming successful with all the sexism it is portraying. Marianne Schnall is a published writer and professional interviewer with many influential credentials that she in not afraid to use.
The men and women in Brave New World have very different roles in society. They are different not only based on sex, but also on location and the situation at hand. In situations or places of power, such as the workplace, men are represented as physiologically and mentally superior to women. This includes most situations in life. Women, however, do maintain a higher standing when relating to social roles. When it comes to sexual situations, they both seem to hold the same standing. In Brave New World, men are held in a higher standing than women in all situations, excluding the single category of social situations.
Women and gender studies contribute greatly to our understanding of the social and cultural world we inhabit. Studying the complex issues of this field has instituted many key insights. Two major insights that positively affected our society are the awareness through learning and through this awareness activism that can ensue.
Historically, theories about human nature and personality development did not reflect women’s visions, needs and opinions (Wellesley Centers for Women, 2011: Westkott 1989). However, Karen Horney, a psychoanalyst in the first half of the twentieth century began to question the concept of human nature being only associated with man and not woman (Eckardt, 2005). Through this questioning, Horney began to reinterpret Freud’s psychoanalytic theory on feminine psychology development, accumulating in fourteen papers written between 1922 and 1937 on feminine psychology (Smith, 2007). Published posthumously as Feminine Psychology (1967) these papers had a significant impact on feminist theory and have been cited as the ‘political and theoretical origins’
Pauline Sears’ (1908-1993) accomplishments and long career in the field of psychology are worth considerable attention. She not only furthered knowledge in child development, motivation and learning but did so in the face of sexist institutions and traditions. From the beginning of her academic career she was asked to leave her undergraduate program at Stanford University for failing to maintain “ladylike” behaviour. Sears’ acquiesced, but displayed her tenacity by exploring other employment opportunities and later returning to finish her degree. Sears would be confronted with more hurdles as two different employment opportunities were lost due to anti-nepotism laws in her graduate school years. Yet, these setbacks did not derail her
Feminism is a perspective not a research method, meaning there are multiple ways to approach the study of women (Reinharz, 1992). However, a central goal of feminist empiricism, standpoint epistemology, and post-modernism methodologies is that women's lives are important and must understand women from their perspective and in context (O’Donnell, 1985, in Reinharz, 1992). Feminist methodologies all share a dedication to move the focus from the masculine perspective to incorporating both men and women to advance knowledge (DeVault, 1996). Therefore, it is research about women but also for women. It aims to identify various intelligences, the different ways of knowing, and to give a say to the silent voices (DeVault, 1996). Feminist methodologies have opened society’s eyes to a new and innovative way of carrying out research, and have influenced other fields and the way research is formulated. It has also challenged societal norms by questioning patriarchy and traditional notions.