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Worldcom accounting fraud
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Ethics has been around since the first humans could understand the concept of right and wrong. More specifically in accounting the most ethical decision doesn’t always produce the most outcomes for a company. For example, falsifying documents or information to improve the overall image of the company to the public. For this reason one can see why someone might be tempted to this type of unethical behavior. WorldCom can be the perfect example of what can go wrong when these types of behaviors are going on within a business. Ethics provides a moral way for human behavior and without it society would not be able to function and would eventually fall apart. In WorldCom’s case this is exactly what happened.
WorldCom started out as Long Distance Discount Services (LDDS) a long distance telephone service provider from Mississippi 1983. Bernard Ebbers was selected as their CEO and with his help; WorldCom was placed as number 52 on the Fortune 500 Companies in 2001.( ) The company’s success came from their ability to provide an alternative to the major long distance carriers by tailoring service to each customers calling patterns. Through acquisitions of multiple companies allowed LDDS to grow at a very rapid rate. The fraud began in the late 1990’s; the company's revenue stream had slowed so the stock price of the company was falling. The company took 2.8 billion out of reserve that was meant to cover liabilities in some of the companies it had acquired, and then put that money into its revenue line in the financial statements.( ) By 1998, their stock was slowly declining. During 2001, Ebbers persuaded the board of directors to provide him corporate loans. Ebbers wanted to cover the margin, but the strategy ...
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Dugas, C. (October 2012), Gender pay gap persists, USA TODAY retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/personalfinance/2012/10/24/gender-pay gap/1652511/
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Ethics are the basic concepts and principles of human conduct that relate to morals. Ethical decisions, or unethical decisions, play a highly influence the culture of a society or organisation. In a business environment, ethical behaviour is highly important because not following ethics can lead to negative effects on businesses overall and its stakeholders. The importance of ethics can be observed through an incident that occurred regarding HealthSouth, a healthcare provider in the United States. From 1992-2003, HealthSouth was involved in the embezzlement of financial reports to portray their financial position as better than it was. The founder, Richard M. Scrushy, the executive team, and many employees were involved in this process, all
Many organizations have been destroyed or heavily damaged financially and took a hit in terms of reputation, for example, Enron. The word Ethics is derived from a Greek word called Ethos, meaning “The character or values particular to a specific person, people, culture or movement” (The American Heritage Dictionary, 2007, p. 295). Ethics has always played and will continue to play a huge role within the corporate world. Ethics is one of the important topics that are debated at lengths without reaching a conclusion, since there isn’t a right or wrong answer. It’s basically depends on how each individual perceives a particular situation. Over the past few years we have seen very poor unethical business practices by companies like Enron, which has affected many stakeholders. Poor unethical practices affect the society in many ways; employees lose their job, investors lose their money, and the country’s economy gets affected. This leads to people start losing confidence in the economy and the organizations that are being run by the so-called “educated” top executives that had one goal in their minds, personal gain. When Enron entered the scene in the mid-1980s, it was little more than a stodgy energy distribution system. Ten years later, it was a multi-billion dollar corporation, considered the poster child of the “new economy” for its willingness to use technology and the Internet in managing energy. Fifteen years later, the company is filing for bankruptcy on the heels of a massive financial collapse, likely the largest in corporate America’s history. As this paper is being written, the scope of Enron collapse is still being researched, poked and prodded. It will take years to determine what, exactly; the impact of the demise of this energy giant will be both on the industry and the
More and more people are holding businesses to a higher ethical accountability. A companies decisions effect its employees, costumers the environment, and even the community, so decisions should not be taken lightly. It also becoming more obvious that managers feel that trustworthy employees with good worth ethics are an intangible asset to their company. Managers will not receive such employees if they do not have high ethical and moral standards themselves. I think that people ultimately want ethics that will produce a productive and honest workforce that also increases profits.
These are indirect variables in the complex equation that is the Holocaust. They all indirectly supplied madmen with the power to decide if one human is better than the other. The most direct role when talking about the United States, lies at the door step of the fourth largest company in the world today, (Forbes, 2012), IBM.
After news of the scandal of Enron, one of the hottest items on e-Bay was a 64-page copy of Enron’s corporate code of ethics. One seller/former employee proclaimed it had “never been opened.” In the forward Kenneth L. Lay, CEO of Enron stated, “We want to be proud of Enron and to know that it enjoys a reputation for fairness and honesty and that it is respected (Enron 2).” For a company with such an extensive code of ethics and a CEO who seemed to want the company to be respected for that, there are still so many unanswered questions of what exactly went wrong. I believe that simply having a solid and thorough code of ethics alone does not prevent a company from acting unethically when given the right opportunity.
While Enron was the complicated fraud, WorldCom fraud was the simplest one to commit. WorldCom which is now known as MCI and acquired by Verizon Communication since 2006 was founded in 1983 to create a discount long-distance provider. The company grew very rapidly in the 1990s because of several large acquisitions (Beresford, Katzenbach, & C.B. Rogers, 2003) WorldCom completed 3 mergers in 1998 and one of the merger was the acquisition of MCI Communications Inc for $40 billion, the largest merger at that time. WorldCom also merged with Brooks Fiber Properties Inc for $1.2 billion and CompuServe Corp for $1.3 billion (The rise and fall of WorldCom, 2008). WorldCom announced the merger with Sprint Corp. in 1999 and its shares’ price went up for more than $64 but, the merge was blocked by regulators in both the U.S. and Europe because they concerned that it would create a monopoly in 2002 (The rise and fall of WorldCom,
Ethics policies are implemented in almost all businesses. Companies search for candidates that will be moral in their actions so they can ensure long-term financial success. Throughout history we have seen businesses fall due to unethical behavior. In recent years the business Enron Corporation is best known for the scandal that led to the bankruptcy of a company with more than 60 billion dollars in assets. We will examine the circumstances that led to the downfall of Enron, how the scandal was realized, as well as the outcome of one of the largest bankruptcies in American history; a case that exemplifies unethical professional behavior.
The Computron, Inc. is facing problems regarding pricing the bid for Computron 1000X, future functioning of Frankfurt plant, impact on production due to current market breakdown.
Ethical behavior is behavior that a person considers to be appropriate. A person’s moral principals are shaped from birth, and developed overtime throughout the person’s life. There are many factors that can influence what a person believes whats is right, or what is wrong. Some factors are a person’s family, religious beliefs, culture, and experiences. In business it is of great importance for an employee to understand how to act ethically to prevent a company from being sued, and receiving criticism from the public while bringing in profits for the company. (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, & Langvardt, 2010) Business ethics is when ethical behavior is applied in an business environment, or by a business. There are many situations that can arise in which a person is experiencing an ethical dilemma. They have to choose between standing by their own personal ethical standards or to comply with their companies ethical standards. In some instances some have to choose whether to serve their own personal interests, or the interest of the company. In this essay I will be examining the financial events surrounding Bernie Madoff, and the events surrounding Enron.
Ethics shapes our attitudes towards the world, other people, and cultures and how we process right from wrong. I would love to believe that the world is made up of individuals that have a high level of integrity and pure ethical fibers; however, this is not the world in which we live in. Ethics or rather morals entail mechanisms that defend, systematize as well as recommended conceptions of right or wrong, good and bad. Interestingly, organizations have to develop ethical codes to ensure employees and employers understand the difference in doing right or wrong. It is no secret that ethics are an essential aspect of successfully running any organization or government, yet, countless corporations grow precipitously on unethical practices. Ethics
In modern day business, there can be so many pressures that can cause managers to commit fraud, even though it often starts as just a little bit at first, but will spiral out of control with time. In the case of WorldCom, there were several pressures that led executives and managers to “cook the books.” Much of WorldCom’s initial growth and success was due to acquisitions. Over time, WorldCom discovered that there were no more opportunities for growth through acquisitions when the U.S. Department of Justice disallowed the acquisition of Sprint.
Enron started about 18 years ago in July of 1985. Huston Natural Gas merged with InterNorth, a natural gas company. After their merge they decided to come up with a new name, Enron. Enron grew in that 18-year span to be one of America's largest companies. A man named Kenneth Lay who was an energy economist became the CEO of Enron. He was an optimistic man and was very eager to do things a new way. He built Enron into an enormous corporation and in just 9 years Enron became the largest marketer of electricity in the United States. Just 6 years after that, in the summer of 2000 the stock was at a tremendous all time high and sold for more than 80 dollars a share. Enron was doing great and everything you could see was perfect, but that was the problem, it was what you couldn't see that was about to get Enron to the record books.
By 2001 the telecommunications market was softening; meaning prices were falling due to an excess of supply and a decrease in demand as the dot com boom ended. WorldCom had already signed contracts with third party telecommunication companies promising to complete their calls. These multi billion dollar contracts were actually costing more in expenses than what the company would or was receiving in revenue (Sandberg, Solomon, & Blumenstein, 2002).
To provide an example of a breach of ethical conduct in the workplace, we may remember the case of a financial manager in a corporation that decided not to pay overtime to some employees. After a deep outside investigation, the company was summoned with thousands of dollars to remedy the payment that was supposed to be paid to all employees who worked more than forty hours per week. Again, it is needed more than just a booklet stating that the company adheres to the code of business ethics. It is needed serious managers that can run the company with the most seriousness as possible. Consequently, any written codes of business ethics, regardless of how well it has been crafted, need people that adhere to its internal content with a serious desire to do the right thing.
Although some people think that ethics do not exist in present business world and it is impossible for an ethical company, to become profitable too. But it is not true; it is actually a distortion based on the cynical views of those frustrated by the newer attitudes toward work. There are several ethical and yet profitable companies to prove that ethics do exist in business, and rather business and ethics runs hand in hand in the present scenario.