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Motivational theories and implications
Motivational theories and implications
Motivational theories and implications
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In today’s modern society there are many theories that people have come up with to explain the way an individual acts, thinks and does. According to a psychologists point of view there are many reasons as to why an individual acts the way they do (Coon & Mitterer, 2012. Pages 14-55) . All of these theories have been tested and observed and it is one’s own choice to believe them or not depending on one’s own research and personal views. One can do this through a case study of an individual and see which theories apply to the individual’s actions. This is where the case study of Tumi (basic perspectives in psychology 2014, 2014. Page 6) is relavent. In this essay we will be looking at how socio-culture, behaviorism, psychoanalysis and humanism can explain the way in which Tumi is acting and why she feels, “as if I am going crazy” (Basic perspectives in psychology 2014, 2014. Page 6).
Tumi is a 20 year old student who is having troubles sleeping and distinguishing what is real and not (Basic perspectives in psychology 2014, 2014. Page 6). Recently she has been through a lot of personal trauma and one can use those experiences to explain the way she is acting and feeling now. Tumi has consulted a counsellor because she feels she is not acting normal and does not feel comfortable in her current emotional state. She has reported that she has been through some odd experiences before the appointment. These things include religious involvements, amplified anxiety and also she has started to believe that her mom and sisters are conspiring against her. Tumi has also recalled seeing her deceased Grandmother walking around the kitchen at her mom’s house, (basic perspectives in psychology 2014, 2014. Page 6), also she has been having recurrin...
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...h subjects to take for the post-graduation program at her collage. Tumi’s personal choices her can also been seen as influences to her experiences and her potential to do things and move on from her current situations and misfortunes. However one can see that Tumi does have a self-actualization and has made her own choices where she can that have influenced some of her experiences as mentioned above.
All of the mentioned theories have helped to explain Tumi’s experiences and the way in which she has responded to these. Due to these observations one can see the cause for the way Tumi feels and give her reasons as to why she is having all of these visions and abnormal experiences. One can clearly see that Tumi has one through a lot of trauma and there are clear explanations through the careful consideration of socio-culture, behaviorism, psychoanalysis and humanism.
Carol Tavris was born in 1944 and received her Ph.D. in Social Psychology from the University of Michigan. She has published mental health issues and taught courses in psychology. Her articles have been published in magazines like Science Digest, Harpers, Redbook, and the New York Times. She has also published Anger: the Misunderstood Emotion, and The Mismeasure of Woman. For the reason Tavris has a Ph.D. in Social Psychology her intelligence shows through her work. Through this article, one can tell she is very dedicated and interested in her work. Tavris writes to any audience, however, the impact from the article will only be possessed in the persons who have the traits of the people she is writing about. This article is a full attack on human nature and people may feel a little judged after reading it. This is exactly what Tavris wants; she wants people to take a look at their own lives. She expects the audience to change the way they act...
...s Processes For Psychoanalytic Theory.” Psychoanalytic Review 100.6 (2013: 881-917. Academic Search Complete. Web. 30 April 2014.
A human being is a complicated entity of a contradictory nature where creative and destructive, virtuous and vicious are interwoven. Each of us has gone through various kinds of struggle at least once in a lifetime ranging from everyday discrepancies to worldwide catastrophes. There are always different causes and reasons that trigger these struggles, however, there is common ground for them as well: people are different, even though it is a truism no one seems to able to realize this statement from beyond the bounds of one’s self and reach out to approach the Other.
The thought of Freud has a total focus on an individual’s mind and how this internal struggle effects how humans interact within society. Freud argues that every human has three functional parts of their personality that exist within the mind itself: the id, super-ego and the ego. Thurschwell describes these three layers as how they relate to each other. The id is the deepest level of the unconscious, which is dominated by the pleasure principle and has no concept of time except for the present, demanding instant gratification of sexual and aggressive (Eros and Thanatos) urges. The superego originates through identification with the individuals parents, functioning as an internal censor witch represses the dangerous urges of the id. The ego starts as part of the id but is more sensible as it has knowledge of the outside world. Unlike the id, the ego is dominated by the instinct to protect oneself. Although these three layers cannot be physically mapped out in the mind they do show how Freud constantly focused on the internal mind...
A primary delusion is sometimes referred to as a real or a genuine delusion. Delusions are typically derived from deception. A delusional person sees and interprets things in radically different forms. Janet must have been suffering from a delusional perception whereby she saw things and understood them conversely. Janet’s primary delusion appears first when she imagines being loved by Dr. M, a prominent person. She fails to attend classes except those of Dr. M, Janet also desists from being taken home by her parents. She saw her parents as people sent to massacre her by Dr. Ms wife; in reality this is not true. Janet fears Dr. Ms wife since she has a misperception that Dr. Ms wife is baying for her blood after getting information that Janet is in love with his husband. In reality, all these are not true but delusional. Also, when hospitalized Janet sees the hospital staff as agents who have been sent by Dr. Ms wife to finish her. Little, did she know that she was undergoing treatment for her psychotic
The nature of the disorder makes it difficult to treat, since patients are convinced that they suffer from a real and serious medical problem. Indeed, the mere su...
Sigmund Freud believed that he “occupies a special place in the history of psychoanalysis and marks a turning point, it was with it that analysis took the step from being a psychotherapeutic procedure to being in depth-psychology” (Jones). Psychoanalysis is a theory or therapy to decode the puzzle of neurotic disorders like hysteria. During the therapy sessions, the patients would talk about their dreams. Freud would analyze not only the manifest content (what the dreamer remembers) of the dreams, but the disguise that caused the repressions of the idea. During our dreams, the decision making part of personality’s defenses are lowered allowing some of the repressed material to become more aware in a distorted form. He distinguished between
There are some human phenomena, which seem to be the result of individual actions and personal decisions. Yet, these phenomena are often - on closer inspection – as much a result of social factors as of psychological ones.
Sigmund Freud provides a concept of how a person’s personality is structured and to have a healthy personality requires a balance in the interaction between the id, ego, and superego. Bandura’s theory of observational learning plays a vital role in the persons conditioning process. By understanding the basis of observational learning that includes modeling, disinhibition, and trolling, one can recognize the different types of reinforcements that contribute to how one learns and then behaves in situations throughout their life. The experience and knowledge of self-discovery comes gradually without an instantaneous impact. Although, moments of true realization can give one a release from past insecurities, doubt, and shame just to name a few. Such realizations can change how one views or feels about their past, which includes their choices, successes, failures, and the different relationships they have had from birth to the present. In conclusion, one should invest in getting to know their own personality to educate themselves and receive the benefits of a healthy state of mental
The study of psychology began as a theoretical subject a branch of ancient philosophy, and later as a part of biological sciences and physiology. However, over the years, it has grown into a rigorous science and a separate discipline, with its own sets of guidance and experimental techniques. This paper aims to study the various stages that the science of psychology passed through to reach its contemporary status, and their effects on its development. It begins with an overview of the historical and philosophical basis of psychology, discusses the development of the various schools of thought, and highlights their effects on contemporary personal and professional decision-making.
The first theory Psychodynamic theory presented by Sigmund Freud, is based on how a person’s self-awareness and understanding of the past on present behavior. Psychody...
There is no clinical evidence of psychomotor disturbance. At times he struggled to maintain adequate eye contact. Although he was apprehensive to speak at first his speech was coherent, spontaneous, appropriate with normal rate, volume and rhythm. He described his mood as “overwhelmed.” Objectively, his mood was a combination of sullen and angry. His affect is full range, appropriate, with spontaneous emotional reactivity. There were no clinical features of psychotic illness. His behavior is appropriate for a frustrated teenage male. His memory for recent and remote events is intact. He is well oriented to place, time and person. His concentration and attention were both adequate but he did disassociate at times. Additionally, he was preoccupied with the event and its ramifications. He was able to add and subtract figures without difficulty. His general level of intelligence and fund of general knowledge appears to be above average. His level of personal hygiene is adequate. He was able to communicate clearly and he was able to achieve goal directed ideas without difficulty. He denied any current suicidal or homicidal ideation. Client disclosed ideations of hopelessness, shame and guilt. I was able to maintain adequate rapport with him throughout the interview and he was able to follow directions. He denied any auditory or visual hallucinations. Client denied having “real time” flashbacks of the traumatic event. However, he disclosed unwelcome and intrusive memories of the event that occur sporadically outside of therapy. The client has poor insight into the nature of his
There are several factors that causes psychological trauma on an individual. There are categorized into two categories, the dissimilarity between single blow and repeated trauma which will be emphasize on whether it is natural or human made trauma. These two categories covering almost all of the factors that causes psychological trauma on an individual whereby we will be explain in detail in the following paragraphs. As extra information, two people that undergo similar tr...
Freud began with his study of the three forces of the psyche: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is the unconscious and contains most things inherited and the all-encompassing instincts. The ego is the conscious and must control the ever-demanding id by serving as its link to the external world. The ego is a regulator and responds to a stimulus by adapting or fleeing, regulating, and seeking pleasure while avoiding displeasure. The superego is actually managed by the id. It carries the responsibility of the limitation of satisfactions and the representation of other persons’ influence, especially the influence of parents, teachers, and other role models. It also represents the impact of racial, cultural, and societal traditions.
Important concepts in psychoanalysis are the id, superego, and ego. The id is an entirely unconscious and instinctual layer of an individual and operates on what is known as the “pleasure principle”, meaning it is constantly seeking immediate satisfaction. The ego is the component of the self that deals with reality and operates on the reality principle, which tries to satisfy the id’s needs in a much more socially and morally acceptable way. The superego is the last part to develop and this is what individuals learn from their surroundings, like society and the people ...