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How nurture influences criminal behavior
Research studies on serial killers
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In the most recent decades, murder rates have dropped by over fifty percent in the United States; however, prior to this decrease, there was an increase in murders during the late twentieth century, in result of the emergence of serial killers. Hickey stated, “As a result of the case of Jeffrey Dahmer and others, serial murder began to be explored not merely as an act, but as a process (2015, p. 7). Dahmer has become known as one of the most notorious and prolific serial murderers of modern day. Dahmer was convicted and sentenced to serve fifteen consecutive life terms, for murdering seventeen young men and boys between 1978 to 1991. These murders were especially heinous, as his acts also involved dismemberment, cannibalism, and necrophilia. …show more content…
The pregnancy had not been easy for Dahmer’s parents, as his mother, continued to battle against unceasing nausea, and had also faced a series of uncontrollable seizures. Dahmer stated, “During these strange seizures, here eyes would bulge like a frightened animal, and she would begin to salivate, literally frothing from the mouth” (1994, p. 34). In order to alleviate her symptoms the doctor gave Joyce injections of morphine and barbiturates, which subsequently would be considered a possible contributing factor to Jeffrey’s behavior in the future. Before and after Jeffrey’s birth, Lionel and Joyce Dahmer argued frequently, sometimes even physically with a knife, often leaving Lionel Dahmer feeling helpless in how to resolve their situations; therefore stating, “I couldn’t understand where her fears and rages came from, and so I often avoided her, fleeing to my laboratory, where things were considerably less volatile, and where all reactions could be systematically controlled” (1994, p. 41). Through the early years of Jeffrey’s life, the Dahmer’s had relocated for his father’s work on numerous occasions, which resulted in Jeffrey to be raised by his mother at home, to where she was isolated, and his father spending a majority of his day in his …show more content…
During Jeffrey’s recovery period, Dahmer noted, “He seemed smaller, somehow more vulnerable, perhaps even sadder than at any time before” (1992, p. 59). Jeff had displayed symptoms of alienation after the birth of his brother, as his teachers and father even noticed a difference within his personality. Dahmer observed that, “The little boy who’d once seemed so happy and self assured had disappeared. He had been replaced by someone else, a different person, now deeply shy, distant, nearly uncommunicative” (1994, p. 62). Jeff’s first grade teacher even had the impression that Jeff had an profound unhappiness about him, felt neglected by his parents, and noticed how he often kept to himself on the playground. Before moving to Barberton, Ohio, Jeffrey at the age of seven, he also witnessed his mother go into an acute depression, resulting in her being admitted into a psychiatric ward to help cope with her severe
Dahmer was a pretty normal, but very lonely kid. His loneliness followed him throughout the course of his life. Never having an intimate friendship or relationship, along with being consumed with confusion over his own sexuality eventually led him to become the household name he is today. From 1978 to 1991, Dahmer murdered 17 boys and men. Not only is he considered a murderer, but he committed (on several occasions) rape and dismemberment. After his later murders, he was found guilty of necrophilia, cannibalism, and permanent preservation of body parts. He is arguably the most well known, gruesome, and intriguing criminal in American history.
were also very hard for the Dahmer family to deal with. To many it was
Jeffrey Dahmer was born May 21st, 1960, the first child for Lionel and Joyce Dahmer, after a difficult pregnancy that had Joyce on various prescription drugs.
...nd Dahmer”, Jeff Dahmer would go to school noticeably under the influence, yet somehow go by “unnoticed”. If the teachers were aware of Dahmer’s state, they never took any form of action to discipline him, question him, or be worried with his condition at all. Not once throughout the entirety of the graphic novel does a teacher, student, or parent seem remotely concerned with Dahmer’s well-being. Dahmer fought off the urge to kill many times and did it with the help of no one and nothing other than his own twisted mind, so there is reason to believe any type of assistance from an adult could have been detrimental in the process of Dahmer overcoming his violent urges. Unlike Benjie, Dahmer had no one to look up to and admire. Benjie was eventually able to appreciate and respect Butler Craig as a man who cared enough about him to put Benjie’s life above his own.
Serial killings are not a new phenomenon. In 1798, for example, Micajah and Wiley Harpe traveled the backwoods of Kentucky and Tennessee in a violent, year-long killing spree that left at least twenty-and possibly as many as thirty-eight-men, women, and children dead. Their crimes were especially chilling as they seemed particularly to enjoy grabbing small children by the ankles and smashing their heads against trees (Holmes and DeBurger 28). In modern society, however, serial killings have grown to near epidemic proportions. Ann Rule, a respected author and expert on serial murders, stated in a seminar on serial murder at the University of Louisville that between 3,500 and 5,000 people become victims of serial murder each year in the United States alone (qtd. in Holmes and DeBurger 21). Many others estimate that there are close to 350 serial killers currently at large in our society (Holmes and DeBurger 22).
Dahmer’s social awkwardness extended past his withdraw from social groups and blank expressions. Instead of normal activities for kids his age like playing outside and making friends. Dahmer would routinely ride around on his bicycle searching for road kill, reportedly stripping the skin and keeping the bones, he also dissected many of the carcasses. At one point he had taken the head from a dog and placed it on a stake. Dahmer attended Revere High school, and was seen as an outcast among the schools social order. Although an average student with decent grades and a spot on the schools newspaper he still had trouble with making friends and eventually started drinking heavily, by the time he graduated Jeffrey was a full blown alcoholic. He co...
Dahmer went as far as to dismember and store body parts throughout his apartment after killing them. He would sometimes even eat these dismembered body parts of the body. Some say he went so long without being caught. because he chose the ever shifting population such as drifters and prostitutes. who had no real identity.
Dahmer was fascinated and did not hesitate to touch or pick them up. According to Lionel Dahmer, he was "oddly thrilled by the sound they made. His small hands dug deep into the pile of bones.” At the age of six, it was discovered that he needed surgery to fix a double hernia. Following his surgery, which coincided with the birth of his brother,there was a drastic change in the once happy, bubbly, outgoing child. Lionel Dahmer states "he seemed smaller, somehow more vulnerable... he grew more inward, sitting quietly for long periods, hardly stirring, his face oddly
Lionel and Joyce Dahmer gave birth to their first born, Jeffrey Dahmer, on May 21, 1960 in Milwaukee. Despite Joyce experiencing a difficult pregnancy, Dahmer was a healthy child who was wanted and adored by both his parents. However, his mother did start to become distant to him as she refused to breast feed him and started demonstrating unstable behavior along with substance abuse. Meanwhile, his father was pursuing his doctoral for chemistry in Iowa which limited the time Lionel had with his family. At age five, Dahmer’s little brother was born and that was when the feeling of neglect set in him. For the first time, the little attention provided from his parents had to be shared with his brother David. Dahmer began displaying extreme shyness but also severe tantrums. During the ages of six and seven, Dahmer “was regarded by other children as odd and bizarre (Martens, 2005).” Even though he did not show any interest in developing genuine social relations, Dahmer did demonstrate a fascination with bug and animal dissections. When Dahmer was six he had “undergone hernia surgery, when he woke up from the anesthesia he was worried someone could have cut his genitals, the pain lasted for one week and after a long recovery period his parents remember he turned to be very loner (Giannetakis, n.d.).” It is believed that at age eight Dahmer had been sexually abused by a boy in his neighborhood (Hickey, 2013). If this event did occur, it could explain why he developed destructive sexual fantasies at the young age of twelve. Despite him being aloof, it has been reported that he would seek attention by faking epileptic seizures at school and local shops. By his adolescent years, he developed compulsive masturbation which would eventually lead to legal trouble (Silva, 2002). At the age of fourteen, Dahmer turned to alcohol abuse in order to overcome his feeling of despair and compulsive thoughts of sexual violent acts.
He was a pretty happy child overall until he had to have a minor surgery to correct a double hernia when he was 6 years old. The surgery seemed to affect him. Dahmer’s father was very consumed in his own things and his mother also suffered with severe psychological problems. As his mother’s disease got worse the conflicts within his family escalated. He felt guilty of her sickness and thought that he was the main cause of all the problems in the family. When he was a teenager his parents’ divorce and the psychological stresses that came from it may have been the tipping point that turned his thoughts about necrophilia and murder into action. In his life he killed many males which involved drugging, raping, beating, dismembering, photographing, and eating
Jeffrey Dahmer was an eccentric individual. He was known to be a kind man but very disturbed as well. He showed to be anti-social at a very young age, and it continued to get worse. He must have had cognitive issues that grew with him even until his last murder. Being raped, always feeling abandoned, rejected, growing up with fighting parents, and also a lack of parental guidance didn’t help Dahmer grow up to be the “perfect” child. He learned by observing his environment, and taking these actions to heart, and affecting him in the worse possible way. He expressed his feelings in a physical way, like an infant growing up. Jeffrey used touched to convey his feelings. He was an alcoholic with temperament problems. He also struggled with
Print. The. “Dahmer, Jeffrey Lionel.” The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Life. Ed.
During Dahmer’s psychiatric evaluation, Dr. Wahlstrom concluded, “Jeffrey was suffering from a mental illness never cured for” (FBI 1992). This leads me to perceive that Dahmer must have been displaying psychotic traits that went unnoticed and undocumented during his early lifetime. I can only speculate that this uncured mental illness lead Dahmer to develop and refine his inability to empathize with society; which in turn, lead him to engage in cruelty without mentally comprehending the victim’s suffering. Although the causes for psychopathy are unclear, some suggest that psychogenic aspects can outline abnormalities which may be present in psychopaths (Schmalleger 2014). When looking at Dahmer’s distant relationship with his parents early on in his childhood, I became conscious of the fact the lack of affection from his parents which may have lead him to develop twisted views on how one should display affection to others, thus prompting him to show psychotic behavior later on in life (The profile of Jeffrey Dahmer 1996). Even though the letter of the law fails to describe Dahmer and even if he was not fit to stand trial, I believe the court would have declared him fit for trial due to the brutality of the
Data has been collecting reporting that “31% of people who had both a substance abuse disorder and a psychiatric disorder (a "dual diagnosis") committed at least one act of violence in a year, compared with 18% of people with a psychiatric disorder alone. This confirmed other research that substance abuse is a key contributor to violent behavior” (Harvard Health Publishing). This can be applied to Dahmer’s case. It is said that after getting hernia surgery when he was four, Dahmer was never the same. He went from a regular playful child to a distant anxious one. When becoming an adolescent, one will develop an interest in concepts and hobbies. For Dahmer it animal carcasses. He would find roadkill, “dissect and dismember them. He explained that he wanted to know how each animal "fitted together"(Cahill). This could come off as creepy and off-putting, but he was not hurting anyone. It is believed that his parents’ constant fighting and moving was the catalyst in making his obsession with carcasses into a dangerous one. “Children from broken homes are nine times more likely to commit crimes than those from stable families” (Bloxham). His drive to kill could quite possibly be linked to the fact that he simply linked to his familial issues. These problems in the family are definitely linked to his drinking problems as well. Dahmer’s
Serial killers have been a major problem in the United States for a long time. We don’t know why they kill human beings, but many people are trying to figure out why. A serial killer is a person that has murdered three or more people over a period of a month. There is also a period of time between the murders know as the “cooling off period”. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, there have been approximately four hundred serial killers in the United States within the past century. The number of these murderers have increased over the past thirty years, with around eighty percent of them emerging since 1950.