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Male Dominance in The Bluest Eye
Over the course of about a dozen weeks or so I have been exploring many facets of oppression. From literary work such as Malcolm X’s autobiography to Sherman Alexie’s novel The Absolute True Story of a Part-Time Indian, oppression is an issue for the majority of people who are not white, upper class males. Race, class, gender, sex, religion, all things that the 14th amendment are supposed to protect, seems to only stand for equality rather than enforcing it and educating people of it’s often damaging effects. Gender and sex roles seem to be the most relevant topic for the times, but also one of the hardest to understand. Cholly Breedlove is a prime example of male dominance in society. We know the how, so for now we’re going to focus on the why.
To better understand Cholly Breedlove’s character it’s important for us to acknowledge his past. Without knowing it’s not hard to assume Cholly wasn’t raised in a loving family. His father left as soon as he heard there was a bun in the oven and as for his mother, “it wasn’t nine days before she throwed [him] on the junk heap.”(Morrison 85) He also had trouble bonding with his Aunt Jimmy. While Sleeping in his aunts bed for warmth in the winter, which is usually a delight for most children, Cholly “wondered whether it would have been just as well to have died [in the trash]”(Morrison 80) Being abandoned by his parents and then reminded so by his Aunt, Cholly was given no demonstration on how to foster a healthy relationship between parent and child. However, many people come from broken homes. so why does Cholly rape his daughter and beat his wife?
According to Steven Tayloy Ph.D., author of Back to Sanity: Healing The Madness of Our Minds, “the oppr...
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...iological imagination” in 1959; a theory that is basically the scientific way of saying “walk a mile in someone else's shoes.” Chollys actions can never be excused; it would not be fair to his victims to do so. It’s difficult to anybody to understand why someone would do such a thing, in a novel or in real life. The situations only leaves people asking why. Morrison states in an interview that the Breedlove’s are a “little nuclear family that doesn’t work. It doesn’t work for white people or for black people.” Dominance, whether racial, gender or class based, over anyone is destructive to all societal dynamics. Morrison says “you need a whole community, everybody, to raise a child.” An idea suggested by the rejection by the community of Pecola and Cholly. The why is never to clear, “since the why is too difficult to handle, one must take refuge in how.”(Morrison)
As a result of racism and white supremacy, Cholly did not know where to place his anger. He does not direct his anger towards white men (who are socially superior to Cholly) but instead towards black women (who are socially inferior to Cholly). Cholly takes the example of the white men by abusing his own social power over Pauline. This longing for superiority and skewed view of love also contributed to the rape of his
Sex and gender inequality is one of the many issues handled in this book. This has always been a social problem in America and other nations. Sex and gender are different terms, where sex refers to the biological difference between men and women while gender refers to the differences between females and males that the society constructs between the two. These inequalities therefore, are society-created where men and women are treated differently not because of what they can do but who they are. The author dedication to portrayal of America as a society that disregarded their rights is therefore, in an attempt to create a society with gender equity and equality where a woman and man will be treated equally in work stations and other public places. The physical characteristics of women and their position as child bearers gave the men a convenience to use, exploit people who were their sex mates, companions and guardians of their children.
The oppression of women in society has been evident throughout the history of the United States. However, African American women have been second-class citizens to not only both black and white males, but white women as well (64). Beginning with slavery, black women were objectified as objects as Thomas Jefferson subjected enslaved blacks to the same “scientific” observation as animals and plants. Jefferson than stated that this observation led to the conclusion that white women were superior to black women because men of the African American community preferred white women. Although this stereotype may articulate black women as undesirable to all men, there was a common belief across the nation that black servants would lure and seduce white males from their wives (56). With this myth the stereotype of hypersexuality of black women arose.
Remember to always be aware of who you are, and that as a woman, I would face many challenges in society. In my youth, much of these family discussions were passing conversation until I reached late high school and early university days that I realised my challenges and disadvantages of being a female. For the first time in my life, university opened my eyes to the true meaning of misogyny, and how little female influence there was in the university systems, and in the workplace surrounding me. The older I became, the more exposed I was to the lack of diversity and equality women experienced, and I for one became a part of that as well. Drawing from the reading by Kimberle Crenshaw, she spoke about the antidiscrimination laws and how black female bodies’ experiences are not taken seriously in society, it captured my attention with relation to the intersectionality struggles I attempt to conquer on daily, religious basis. She is quoted saying in relation to the laws regarding black female bodies that, ‘antidiscrimination doctrine essentially erases Black women’s distinct experiences and, as a result, deems their discrimination complaints groundless.’(Crenshaw, 1989). Although this quote speaks of the black female body experience in law specifically, which is my personal story, I can draw points and information that can be relatable to my gender/sex. As a female, I
While most pundits of America's social and political discourse are either beating dead horses or tilting at windmills, Patricia J. Williams seeks out the racist, sexist, heterosexist, and classist forces that underlie a number of socio-political pathologies. Williams' regular Nation magazine column, "Diary of a Mad Law Professor" is curious in that it often evokes visceral negativity in casual readers. It certainly affected me that way. At first it was difficult to get beyond the name of her page; thumbing through each issue I sheepishly wondered what this crazy lady would get bent out of shape about this week. Though I generally agreed with her ideas, it struck me that Williams was too radical (as if there really is such a thing in a mainstream media culture that chooses to wear blinders). Williams vigorously uproots conventional wisdom as she strips away the "rich-white-male"-centric viewpoint; power and a voice are given to those who simply are acted upon. Like Howard Zinn who has promoted a view of history through a populist lens, Patricia Williams promotes a viewpoint that examines and judges the treatment of the marginalized.
Cholly is introduced in the first chapter. He is the father of Pecola. Because of his actions, the whole family has been put out of their home. It was a miserable apartment, as ugly in appearance as the family. Except for Cholly. In his youth he had been big strong long limbed and full of his own fire. Now his behavior was his ugliness. Years of despair, dissipation and...
Cholly Breedlove is Pecola's and Sammy's father, Pauline husband, and a drunk. Even though the reader learns of his terrible temper, his abusing his wife, and the subsequent rapes of Pecola, and his abandonment of his family, the reader still has an inkling of sympathy for him. This sympathy may stem from Morrison's depiction of his childhood.
Patricia Hill Collins outlines the existence of three different dimensions of gender oppression: institutional, symbolic, and individual. The institutional dimension consists of systemic relationship of domination structured through social institutions, such as government, the workplace or education institutions. In other words, this dimension explains “who has the power”. This is completely related to a patriarchal society. Patriarchy is the manifestation and institutionalism of male dominance. This means that men hold power in all institutions, while women are denied the access to this power. The symbolic dimension of oppression is based on widespread socially sanctioned ideologies used to justify relations of domination. It reflects inequality
construction of gender and sexuality in the context of racial subordination." Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 18.3 (2009): 743+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 11 Nov. 2011.
African American women are considered the most disadvantaged group vulnerable to discrimination and harassment. Researchers have concluded that their racial and gender classification may explain their vulnerable position within society, despite the strides these women have made in education, employment, and progressing their families and communities (Chavous et al. 2004; Childs 2005; Hunter 1998; Settles 2006; Wilkins 2012). Most people agree that race and gender categories are explained as the biological differences between individuals in our society; however sociologists understand that race and gender categories are social constructions that are maintained on micro and macro levels. Historically, those in power who control the means of production within a society have imposed race, class, and gender meanings onto the minority population in order to maintain their dominant position and justify the unequal treatment of minority individuals by the divisions of race, class, and gender categories (Collins 2004; Nguyen & Anthony 2014; Settles 2006;).
Miller, Jean Baker. “Domination and Subordination.” Race, Class, and Gender in the United States. Ed. Paula Rothenberg. New York, NY: Worth Publishers, 2010. 108-114. Print.
The “bads” certainly outweigh the “goods” in his situation. Thus, the reader ought not to feel sympathy for Cholly. But, Morrison presents information about Cholly in such a way that it mandates sympathy from her reader. This depiction of Cholly as a man of freedom and the victim of awful happenings is wrong because it evokes sympathy for a man who does not deserve it.
To reach this goal and attain her purpose, Solnit appeals to both the logical and emotional sides of the audience. Through facts and statistics, she demonstrates that gender inequality is an undeniable truth, and that despite limited coverage of all but the “exceptional crimes” (524), the impact of this inequality has exorbitant ramifications. This information calls upon the readers’ logical sides – giving them facts and numbers that are hard to contest. For the majority of the essay, however, Solnit depends upon appealing to her readers’ emotional sides with the goal of inciting change. The author petitions the audience’s emotional side through her tone and delivery, portraying the gravity of the situation women face. Solnit further draws upon emotions by making connections to the struggles of the Civil Rights Movement. Finally, Solnit fulfills this purpose by expanding her audience to include both men and women, forming a larger group capable of reversing the situation. Appealing to both logic and emotion, Solnit advances her purpose of enacting
Knapp, Peter, Jane C. Kronick, R. William Marks, and Miriam G. Vosburgh. The Assault on Equality. Westport: Praeger Publishers, 1996.
Throughout Toni Morrison’s controversial debut The Bluest Eye, several characters are entangled with the extremes of human cruelty and desire. A once innocent Pecola arguably receives the most appalling treatment, as not only is she exposed to unrelenting racism and severe domestic abuse, she is also raped and impregnated by her own father, Cholly. By all accounts, Cholly should be detestable and unworthy of any kind of sympathy. However, over the course of the novel, as Cholly’s character and life are slowly brought into the light and out of the self-hatred veil, the reader comes to partially understand why Cholly did what he did and what really drives him. By painting this severely flawed yet completely human picture of Cholly, Morrison draws comparison with how Pecola was treated by both of her undesirable parents. According to literary educator Allen Alexander, even though Cholly was cripplingly flawed and often despicable, he was a more “genuine” person to Pecola than Pauline was (301). Alexander went on to claim that while Cholly raped Pecola physically, Pauline and Soaphead Church both raped her mental wellbeing (301). Alexander is saying that the awful way Pecola was treated in a routine matter had an effect just as great if not greater than Cholly’s terrible assault. The abuse that Pecola lived through was the trigger that shattered her mind. In The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison uses the characters of Cholly Breedlove and Frieda McTeer to juxtapose sexual violence and mental maltreatment in order to highlight the terrible effects of mental abuse.