“But after a moment a sense of waste and ruin overcame him. There they were, close together and safe and shut in; yet so chained to their separate destinies that they might as well been half the world apart.” (The Age of Innocence, pg 175 ). The Age of Innocence is written by Edith Wharton and is placed in New York during the 1870’s. A wealthy lawyer, Newland Archer is engaged to sweet socialite May Welland. At the first glance, it seems to be a perfect match, but when May's beautiful cousin, Countess Ellen Olenska, estranged from her british husband, arrives in town, Newland begins to question the meaning of passion and love as he desperately pursues a relationship with Ellen, even though she has been made a social outcast by Archer's peers. In The Age of Innocence, themes such as values, society and class, and innocence versus experience are revealed through the characters and setting of this prose. …show more content…
Her mother, Lucretia Jones, and father, George Jones, raised Edith in Europe, which include: France, Germany and Italy. In 1872, Edith and her family moved to New York, which lead to the establishment of their involvement in a close-knit circle that included the oldest and wealthiest families of New York. Edith was surrounded by a tightly controlled society containing judgemental people. Society believed that a proper marriage is one of the very few things women were able to do (Monkey Notes Free Study-The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton). During this time, Edith was brought up with the sole purpose of marriage. All girls were raised to be married. Therefore, Edith decided to marry Edward Wharton in
Perhaps Edith Wharton's reason for writing Ethan Frome, was that it so vividly reflected her own dreary life. Abandoned of any love as a child from her mother and trapped in a marriage similar to that of Zeena and Ethan, Wharton found herself relying on illicit love. This illicit love was also her favorite topic of writing, which helped her to escape her own tragedies. She spent many nights in the arms of other men searching desperately for the love she believed existed, but had never felt, which is evident in all of her writings.
To understand the background on either of these novels, it is best to understand a little of Wharton’s biographical background (this helps to see why similar situations are portrayed in both novels). Wharton lived in New York city and was raised to be a "daughter of society", always putting forth her best manners and showing respect to the rituals of society. This attributed greatly to The Age of Innocence which has been described as "a masterful portrait of desire and betrayal set in New York City of her youth."
In The Age of Innocence, women are viewed in a white light of innocence. Promiscuity was excusable, even expected of men, but for women sexuality was a part of the criteria to be accepted into society or find a husband. Women were expected to be loyal to their husbands, accept restrictions, and never divorce. Archer sees May exactly as he is expected to, as a pure young woman in need of guidance. However, May had powers of her own that weren’t taken into account by Newland. May had her loyalty, duty, and most importantly, her pregnancy. May had been aware of Newland’s desire to be with Ellen for some time. New York society never would have approved of his choice to do what would make him happy, but May takes matters into her own hands in her final fight for Newland. May reveals that she is pregnant, and this piece of news immediately eliminates Archer’s choice to leave May. Finally, Newland cannot gather up the courage to go against the morals of New York society. He has no choice but to put the interests of his family above his own desires once again. The idea of a female character revealing her intuition and shred of social power ultimately forces Newland, and the reader, to question who is really in
In The Catcher in The Rye, by J.D, the main character, Holden, can be seen as a troubled teenager growing up in a less than perfect society. Throughout the novel Holden struggles with the fact that many young and innocent kids will grow up and see the world from a different perspective. He naturally becomes worried for all future generations who will one day grow, as he did, and loose their innocence. The fixation of youth and innocence can be seen in the title of the book, as well as throughout the novel.
By August 1882, Wharton was nineteen when she became engaged to Harry Stevens, an eminent figure of the high class New York society. However, “by October of the same year, the engagement was broken” (Cliff Notes) due to the mother's interference of the engaged couple. Later on Wharton married her brother’s friend “Edward R. "Teddy" on April 29, 1885”(Cliff Notes). Since Edward came from a wealthy family, he was able to provide financial support for them. As a result, in 1902 the couple moved into a mansion named “"The Mount," in Lenox, Massachusetts”(Cliff Notes). Since Edward and Wharton were “intellectually and sexually incompatible”(Cliff Notes), this foreshadowed their divorce later on in “1913”(Cliff Notes). Wharton’s main justification for the divorce was “because of his unstable mental health and acts of adultery”(Cliff Notes). However, Wharton’s writing flourished after their divorce. She began to write to her “tragic love story Ethan Frome”(Cliff Notes) which became published in 1911, quickly becoming a very successful book. After Wharton’s divorce she lived in France and spent much of her early life there. After her move, “she returned to the United States twice”(Edith Wharton
Holden identifies with, yearns for, and despises traits of the adult and child realms. In the novel The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, the protagonist, Holden Caulfield, fears becoming an adult who exhibits the characteristics that he holds complaints against. Throughout this Bildungsroman narrative, Holden searches for his identity. He tries to figure out his place either in the adult or child realm.
Here there could be no mistaking the predominance of personality—the unanimous "Oh!" of the spectators was a tribute, not to the brush-work of Reynolds 's "Mrs. Lloyd" but to the flesh and blood loveliness of Lily Bart. She had shown her artistic intelligence in selecting a type so like her own that she could embody the person represented without ceasing to be herself. It was as though she had stepped, not out of, but into, Reynolds 's canvas, banishing the phantom of his dead beauty by the beams of her living grace. The impulse to show herself in a splendid setting—she had thought for a moment of representing Tiepolo 's Cleopatra—had yielded to the truer instinct of trusting to her unassisted beauty, and she had purposely chosen a picture
Loss of Innocence is a classic theme in literature. Protagonists are forced into situations where they must sacrifice their goodness/what they believe. It is a theme that runs through both “ Young Goodman Brown” and “ The Most Dangerous Game”, though each of them happen in a different way.
From the moment a young child observes the privileges adults have in the world, they cannot wait for the day when they grow up. On the contrary, Holden Caulfield has no desire to grow up because his introverted personality protects him from the fear of the loss of innocence. Throughout the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, the J.D. Salinger utilizes symbolism, discouraging imagery, and colloquial diction to make the reader be aware of Holden’s fear of the loss of youth. Holden, although he is only seventeen when he is narrating his story, he speaks as though he is an old man remembering his youth.
Silence has been described as "a category of intelligence of the twentieth century," a response to the modern experience of "alienation from reason, society, and history." Silence has also been designated a feminist issue, one not confined to any historical moment but "a form of imposed repression" which enforces the traditional view of the "appropriate condition for women” (Hurvitz). Edith Wharton's The Age of Innocence, a novel poised between the American Victorian and modern eras which examines the potential for women's freedom and independence through a male center of consciousness, encourages a close analysis of its many silences.
If there were one word to tell what the theme of the book was it would be innocence. How we are all innocent at some point, how to try to keep our innocence, and how no one can keep their innocence forever. We all fall from our innocence. Adam and Eve fell from grace and innocence and set the tone for all of our lives. Throughout the whole book Holden is trying to make people keep their innocence and he wants to hold onto it himself. What he needs to learn and does learn through the course of the book is that no one can keep his or her innocence. We all fall at some point, but what we have control over is how hard we fall.
Loss of innocence is a time-worn theme in the literature of every culture. It traditionally takes the form of some type of epiphany visited upon an unsophisticated character as she grows up and encounters the larger world. The focus of this theme is normally personal, in the point of view of an individual, or the omnipotent third person account of the reaction of an individual. While this aspect can be found in the novel, it additionally explores the loss of innocence of a family, people or race, called estirpe in the original edition.
In The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton, the narrator describes Archer and Ellen’s need for freedom in order to show their desire to escape the abuse of society. Newland Archer wishes death on his wife because he believes if she dies so will societies pressures. And Ellen Olenska rejects Archer’s proposal for freedom to find her own independence. Ellen Olenska rethinks her divorce in order to become less of an outsider
Like Alice, who divorced was twice. Another example of how Edith and this particular story is compares to her life is Alice’s daughter is sick with typhoid and when Edith was 10 she suffered from typhoid fever and almost died. Also like Lily and most children her age Edith Wharton also had a governess. Wharton’s main concept in the story was the theme of divorce and survival of the fittest. By having the other two men being around the current marriage and dealing with some of struggles of divorced and being able to survive New York’s
Newland loathes the monotonous conversations with May and repetitiveness of his job. Newland respects and loves May with all his heart, but when she begins to call him original, Newland realizes she was always “going to say the right thing” (Age of Innocence 22) because she was simply giving the replies “instinct and tradition” have taught her (Age of Innocence 72). Cynthia Griffin Wolff, in her article entitled “Edith Wharton”, declares that the small world of New York was “suffocating” and “stifled spontaneous expressions of emotion” (3). Also, Newland lived in a kind of “hieroglyphic world” where what someone actually wanted to say was never said or thought, but just “represented by a set of arbitrary signs” (Age of Innocence 40).