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Terrorism in methodology
Nature of terrorism essay
Nature of terrorism essay
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Terrorism and Morality by Haig Khatchadourian
In “Terrorism and Morality,” Haig Khatchadourian argues that terrorism is always wrong. Within this argument, Khatchadourian says that all forms of terrorism are wrong because the outcome deprives those terrorized of their basic humanity. To this end, Khatchadourian says that even forms of terrorism that are designed to bring about a moral good are wrong because of the methods used to achieve that good. Before Khatchadourian spells out why terrorism is wrong, he defines what terrorism is, what causes terrorism, and what people believe terrorism to mean. With a working definition in place, Khatchadourian examines terrorism’s role in a just war and shows that terrorism is never just, even during war. With the assertion that terrorism, even during wartime is unjust, Khatchadourian analyzes the variations of innocence and non-innocence surrounding the victims of a terrorist attack. The analysis of innocence and non-innocence is accomplished through review of the principal of discrimination and the principal of proportion and how each relates to terrorism. From these philosophical and ethical standpoints, Khatchadourian finds that terrorism is unjust and wrong because of the way it groups and punishes the innocent with the guilty, not allowing the victim to properly respond to the charges against them. Finally, Khatchadourian looks at how terrorism is always wrong because of the way it denies a person their basic human rights. In examination of person’s human rights, Khatchadourian finds that terrorism specifically “violates its targets’ right to be treated as moral persons,” as it inflicts pain, suffering and death to those who are not deserving (298).
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Beyond Khatchadourian’s discussion on the attack on the moral person, I was moved by his discussion on the innocent and non-innocent. In light of the recent terrorist attacks on the United States, I think of all the innocents that were harmed: secretaries working in the World Trade Center’s Twin Towers, firefighters who rushed into burning buildings to save those who could not save themselves, and people in mail rooms who unsuspectingly perform a duty that could cost them their lives, naming only a few. These innocents, who could in no way be connected to U.S policy or government, highlight the demoralizing and destructive effect that terrorism carries. The plight of the innocent in terrorist attacks highlights the injustice behind terrorist attacks.
Works Cited
Khatchadourian, Haig. “Terrorism and Morality.” Applied Philosophy. Ed. 1991
The argument of free will and determinism is a very complex argument. Some might say we have free will because we are in control; we have the ability to make our own choices. Others might say it’s in our biological nature to do the things we do; it’s beyond our control. Basically our life experiences and choices are already pre determined and there’s nothing we can do to change it. Many philosophers have made very strong arguments that support both sides.
Clearly, the UN definition being more general as any act of terror, it is found that revolutionary groups adopt the use of categorical terrorism because it is commonly cheaper than selective terrorism. Further, Goodwin argues that categorical terrorism is employed for the purpose of attacking and threatening what he calls “complicitous civilians.” Complicitous civilians are defined as (1) civilians who often benefit from state actions that the revolutionaries oppose, (2) those that support the state, (3) or civilians who have the ability to influence the state. The primary directive of categorical terrorism is to provoke complicitous civilians from further supporting the state. By applying intense...
September 11th, 2001. An organization denoted as terrorists by the United States, Al-Qaeda, attacked the U.S on our own soil. In his “Letter to the American People”, the leader of Al-Qaeda, Osama Bin Laden, takes a defensive stance regarding the attack, giving his justifications of why the attack on the U.S was warranted and acceptable in the terms of Just War Theory, citing examples of the Right to Self-Defense and reasons why he was justified in targeting American civilians. Just War Theory is comprised of ideas of values to determine when acts of aggression are morally justified or not, and it is primarily split into two categories, Jus Ad Bellum (Justice of War) and Jus In Bello (Justice in War) (Walzer 21). In this essay, I will be arguing against Bin Laden’s claims of the justification of Al-Qaeda’s attack, using the failure of Bin Laden’s attack to meet the requirements for a just war in terms of Jus Ad Bellum and Jus In Bello.
In the article “Is Terrorism Distinctively Wrong?”, Lionel K. McPherson criticizes the dominant view that terrorism is absolutely and unconditionally wrong. He argues terrorism is not distinctively wrong compared to conventional war. However, I claim that terrorism is necessarily wrong.
Everyone has had that time in their life where they feel that they would be safer if they had some sort of protection, concealed carry is a great option for protection. Over the years it has been growing in popularity, more and more people are going out and getting their concealed carry permit. With more and more people going out and getting their permit, some may view it as dangerous, while others feel it is a necessity. Concealed carry is essential because, it allows added protection, has certain restrictions that the person must meet, and if guns are handled properly they are not as dangerous
I thought angrily. How do You compare to this stricken mass gathered to affirm to You their faith, their anger, their defiance? What does Your grandeur mean, Master of the Universe, in the face of all this cowardice, this decay, and this misery? Why do go on troubling these poor people’s wounded minds, their ailing bodies? … Blessed be God’s name? Why, but why would I bless Him? Every fiber in me rebelled. … But look at these men whom You have betrayed, allowing them to be tortured, slaughtered, gassed, and burned, what do they do? The pray before You! They praise Your name! … I was the accuser, God the accused. My eyes had opened and I was alone, terribly alone in a world without God, without man.” (Wiesel
...g developed, however DNA microarray has allowed research into the axon guidance pathways, allowing scientists to analyse the change in pathway proteins which lead to the disease. Furthermore, the analysis of the α-synuclein gene, the ALDH1A1 gene and the SEMA5A gene show possibilities of conclusive data as to which genes are affected and which genes cause an affect and lead to Parkinson’s disease symptoms. However there are always limitations, which have been more evident with research into neurological diseases, as human or animal cell tissue is always needed, and the most challenging area is gaining the accurate cell tissue from the diseased location of the brain. [Mandel et al., 2003]
“Their best defense against injury is to put no defense and give them what they want” (Kates). Critics may argue that concealed handguns are not an effective form of self defense. To the contrary, robbery and assault victims who used a gun were less likely to be attacked or suffer injury, “Neither a martial art skills nor chemical sprays provide a real option for victims faced by attackers who are stronger or armed” (Kates). People feel safer when they carry a concealed weapon because they feel that criminals will avoid attacking them. Citizens want to conceal carry a handgun because every day there are dangerous individuals who prey on the weak. In addition to that, concealed handguns are an effective non-lethal form of self defense a majority of the time. Gary Kleck from the Federal Bureau of Investigation “estimated that, 2 million to 2.5 million victims annually use handguns to repel criminal attackers” (Kates). The surprise of being armed is the advantage for the victim, which the victim has the disadvantage of knowing the time and place of being attacked. Concealed carry actually provides protection to citizens that do not carry because the criminals are not sure who is able to defend themsel...
One determinist philosopher, Baron d'Holbach, states that we are "connected to universal nature, and submitted to the necessary and immutable laws that she imposes on all the beings she contains". In other words, we are all an intricate part of the universe, and are subject to follow the biological and physical laws set forth in a natural causal system. When considering this, the idea that all our behaviors are caused seems clear.
Concealed carry is among one of the most touchy subjects in America but it gives security to people who qualify to carry and is a basic right to the American people. Concealed carry varies from state to state but should not be prohibited anywhere due to the good it can and does cause. With dealing with weapons there is always the risk of bodily injury but that is reduced if the person next you possibly has a weapon. Not knowing who has a weapon keeps people from committing crimes simply from the fact that they don't know if people are exercising their second amendment rights to legally bare arms.
So equipped with your handgun they are now less of trying to pull your card, because they know they’re going to have a right to shoot you at out of self-defense so it’s good in certain ways they Incorporated it in Texas now people can now better protect themselves from the Predators. There are a lot of crazy people in the world. Some people don’t know how to properly defend himself so on January 1st 2016 it allows people to have a license to carry a handgun in the same places that allowed the license carrying of concealed handgun. So describe crazy people are less tempted to do anything out of the ordinary noise it can also be loaded as long as it’s in the shoulder or belt holster. Sometime self defense classes will not be enough to protect your cell from a group of people now that you can openly carry a handgun the crime rate will go down because people now know people are curious about if I want. Also people can know feel a little safer knowing that people will not try them because they have a gun for protection. Everybody needs protecting in some time the police is not there to help so you’re going to need some way to protect yourself from these dangerous
“The determinist view of human freedom is typically based off of the scientific model of the physical universe” (Chaffee, 2013, p. 176). They believe that since events in the physical universe as well as the biological realm consistently display casual connections, and because humans are a part of the physical universe and biological realm, it is a reasonable assumption that all of our actions (and the choices that initiated the actions) are also casually determined, eliminating the possibility of free choice ( Chaffee...
Freedom, or the concept of free will seems to be an elusive theory, yet many of us believe in it implicitly. On the opposite end of the spectrum of philosophical theories regarding freedom is determinism, which poses a direct threat to human free will. If outside forces of which I have no control over influence everything I do throughout my life, I cannot say I am a free agent and the author of my own actions. Since I have neither the power to change the laws of nature, nor to change the past, I am unable to attribute freedom of choice to myself. However, understanding the meaning of free will is necessary in order to decide whether or not it exists (Orloff, 2002).
2009). This theory agrees that we are determined by our generics and environment but this does not does not stop us from having cause and effect to our actions and the free will to make choices and moral responsibilities within our life (Sober, E. 2009). Where as determinism is saying that we can not have cause and effect and freewill at the same time (Sober, E. 2009). The theorist David Hume believed an action is free if you could of done otherwise if you wanted to. If you had the option to chose between salad or chocolate cake for lunch, then you are free to make that choice. Obviously your genetics may mean you are more prone to sweet food than savoury or perhaps environmental factors were involved such as the lettuce in the salad may of been wilted and made the salad look unappetising. This choice is a casual one that you have control over and is in alignment with your beliefs and desires you will choose the outcome that you desire even if you choose not to choose any of those options (Sober, E. 2009). An unfree choice is one that does not act in accordance with your beliefs and desires. For example if your parents made you go to church as a child but you would of preferred to stay home and play video games then you are not free to have a choice, you must go to church (Sober, E. 2009). The theory of Compatibilism is one of the
When future generations reflect upon this current era of human history and development, it is almost certain that the birth and advancement of bioinformatics will be among the most awe-inspiring of topics. Bioinformatics is the field of study which is concerned with the storage, retrieval, and analysis of biological data via the tools of informatics. The two major objectives of bioinformatics (as identified by -new avenues-p9) are the identification of genes and the prediction of their function. Bioinformatics therefore shares an intimate relationship with the field of functional genomics, which is defined by Alberts as “the field of study which aims to understand the ways in which cells execute and control the great number of operations required for normal function, and those in which cellular systems fail in disease”(1996).