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Questions on the types of Contracts
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Analyze terms in contracts with reference to their meanings and effect.
The terms of a contract are important statements that describe the obligations and rights of all parties of the agreement. The terms are all matters agreed for example, how the deal will be done, what is the deal, and under what circumstances the deal will be made.
Express contract
An express contract has completely clear and concise terms. It does not matter if it is written or oral, but it leaves no room for interpretation. Only the pre-arranged terms matters and the actions of the parties have no effect on the validity of contract. A parole contract is one example of an express contract. A parole contract requires neither under seal nor record of the contract.
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It is common for people to go into implied contracts everyday, without even their knowledge. When a person purchases something on their credit card, they have entered into an implied contract with the credit card company. There is no need for assurance for an implied contract between a credit card company and a company as it is common knowledge that the company provides credit for the customer’s purchase and the customer has to return the money.
Entering into a service also means entering into an implied contract. For example, hiring a catering service. It is already implied that the caterer would want to be paid after the deliverance of the food. Implied contracts have a remedy created by courts called the quasi-contract or implied-in-law contracts. This contract is not an actual contract but a legal substitute formed to have equity between all the parties during the implied contract. The courts use this to avoid injustice during an obligation upon a non-contracting party.
There are two main types of terms implied.
1. Terms implied by statue: The Sale of Goods Act 1979’s key
Whether oral or written, the contract must manifest a mutual intent to be bound expressed in a manner capable of being understood, and include a definite offer, unconditional acceptance and consideration.” (Express Contract 2016) The above definition is a much clearer explanation with key elements outlined; 1. mutual intent, 2, expressed in a manner capable of being understood, 3. definite offer, 4. unconditional acceptance and 5. Consideration.
1.1 Explain at least four points of differentiations between contract and agreement with the help of examples.
In Contract Law, presumptions can become vague, misunderstood, misinterpreted and when used inappropriately can lead to ineffective judgments. To combat this and improve the process used to determine intention to create legal relations, The High Court of Australia has effectively re-characterised the role of presumptions, which has positively impacted other courts in the hierarchy. This began through the judgement made in Ermogenous v Greek Orthodox Community which positively changed the way judges dealt with both Contractual Presumptions and the Intention to create legal relations. This case inspired positive change which transpired through proceeding cases and judgements made by Australian courts.
Similar to the case of Fox v. Mountain West Electric, 512 P. 3d 848 (2002), even though there was a contract, there were also a few more pro-contract adjustments that were made on implied terms. The court sides with the defendant at first while the appellate court overruled it. There was an implied contract that are manifested by our conduct of regular supply and payment. If for any reason, the court sides with defendant, there is always the appellate court for further
The statement is an adaptation from Samuel Goldwyn quote, "A verbal contract isn't worth the paper it's written on." While the law and courts have no problem with verbal contracts since contracts are not required to be in written form, this statement addresses the drawbacks of not having a written contract when agreeing on an issue. A verbal contract is acceptable before the law but usually it becomes one person’s word over the other. Most verbal contracts are tainted with suspicions and during a case, one party can argue about the existence of the contract in the first place. In addition, there is the issue of the specific terms contained in such a contract if at all it exists. As such, unlike written contracts, verbal contracts are prone to disputes,
Contractual agreement has always been viewed in terms of offer and acceptance. The universal principle to contract law has always been parties may get into an agreement in whichever way they deem fit and they are subject to certain terms as they choose. As far as legal requirements vital to their formation are binding contracts may be formed. Moreover a binding agreement may be manifested in terms of writing or in verbal form.
The English contract Offer and Acceptance General principles There are three basic essentials to the creation of a contract which will be recognised and enforced by the courts. These are: contractual intention, agreement and consideration. The Definition of an Offer. This is an expression of willingness to contract made with the intention (actual or apparent) that it shall become binding on the offeror as soon as the person to whom it is addressed accepts it. An offer can be made to one person or a group of persons, or to the world at large.
One of the last remaining strongholds of classical contract law is the notion that contracts require offer and acceptance therefore, in order for a contract to become binding, offer, acceptance, consideration and intention to create legal relations must exist. However contracts are formed in different ways for each different circumstance. (Shawn Bayern, Offer and Acceptance in Modern Contract Law: A Needles Concept, 103 Cal. L. Rev. 67, 102 (2015)
A contract is a written or spoken agreement established by three key elements; offer, acceptance & condition. The person making an offer is called the offeror, and the person to whom the offer is made to is called the offeree . An offer is an expression
The first category of entrant is that of a contractual entrant. This class of entrant is defined by McMahon and Binchy as someone who enters “premises in pursuance of a contract between himself or herself and the occupier” . The classic examples of this category include sports spectators and concert goers. The duty owed to this type of entrant was found in the terms of the contract. If no such terms existed, as stated in the Law Reform Commission, “there is an implied term on the part of the occupier that he has taken reasonable care to make the premises safe for the contemplated purposes” . An example of implying terms can be found in the case of Callaghan v Killarney Race Course . The case centred around an injury suffered by a spectator at the races and whether the occupiers had acted with reasonable care. Maguire CJ noted that “There were no terms of contract between him and the defendant Company and the contract between them is to be implied from the circumstances of the case.” The Supreme Court dismissed the case as it was felt...
Implied terms – they are not expressed but they are adopted as “obvious” an individual must comply with (e.g) if buying a product and it is not in a good taste the consumer has the right to return it to the owner for exchange or refund.
A contract is an agreement which has its specified terms and conditions between two or more parties in which there is a promise to do something in return for a benefit.
A contract is an agreement between two parties in which one party agrees to perform some actions in return of some consideration. These promises are legally binding. The contract can be for exchange of goods, services, property and so on. A contract can be oral as well as written and also it can be part oral and part written but it is useful to have written contract otherwise issues can be created in future. But both the written as well as oral contract is legally enforceable. Also if there is a breach of contract, there are certain remedies for that which are discussed later in the assignment. There are certain elements which need to be present in a contract. These elements are discussed in the detail in the assignment. (Clarke,
A valid contract is an agreement including promises made between two or more parties with an intention of certain legal rights and legal responsibility that are enforceable. For there to be a contract – that must contain four essential elements- offer, acceptance, intention to create legal relations and consideration.
A contract is generally considered to be an exchange of promises or an agreement between parties which in due course legally binds the parties; this can be enforced by the English Law. A contract is always, referred to the basic foundations of Contract Law, which refers to promises being kept amongst two parties. It is clear that all people make contracts nowadays and do not even consider for a moment that they are forming contracts; these can be formal or informal, oral or written.