Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Overcoming peer pressure
Essays on peer pressure in adolescence
Conformity as a type of social influence
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Overcoming peer pressure
Young people, as they experience the transition from childhood into adulthood are faced with the task of determining their own self-identity. However, due to multiple contributing factors they are met with difficulties within this process. The first of these obstacles which teenagers encounter comes as a result of parental influence, and the inheritance of overwhelming expectations or lack of, from one’s parents which innately impede an adolescents pursuit for self-awareness. Moreover, as a consequence of the feelings of self-doubt and inadequacy which are often experienced during this transitional period of life, conformity and the pressure from peers and wider society to conform is another prevalent hindrance youths confront as they attempt …show more content…
These difficulties often arise from the heightened susceptibility to parental influence, which occurs for youths during this period of adolescence. In effect of this influence, parents unavoidably “fill [their children] with the faults they had” (Larkin, 2001 p. 143), passing down their negative traits, through means of excessive expectations and corresponding pressures. An example of how these behaviours hinder a young person’s understanding of identity , is illustrated by Lin (2004) in the short film Perfection, where a mother’s high expectations and overbearing presence within her daughter’s upbringing, inherently leads her daughter to inherit the mother’s same destructive expectations, absorbing these as her own. As a result of this inherited self-inflicted pressure, the daughter is met with further issues as she progresses through life (Lin, 2004). These concerns include a battle with perfectionism and self-acceptance, which Lin (2004) depicts by highlighting the daughter’s unhealthy obsession with weight loss and her negative body image (Lin, 2004). Juxtaposing the effects of an overbearing parent, those who do the opposite and emotionally withdraw, are also observed to create obstacles for their children. The effects of this absence of parental support are illustrated in the film Lifted, where Rydstrom (2007) depicts the distress …show more content…
As explained by Cherry (2014) two most common influences of conformity are due to normative influence; the “changing of one’s behaviour in order to fit in” (para. 12), and informational influence; the changing of one’s “behaviour in order to be correct” (para. 9). An example of conformity as a result of normative influence, is illustrated by Widyanata (2013) in the short film Plastic, where a young woman is shown to struggle with her body image, believing that in order to be perceived as beautiful she must emulate the seemingly ideal, yet destructive beauty standards published by wider media. In an instance where the young woman feels particularly insecure, she is granted the power to change her own appearance, and she enthusiastically does so, conforming to the beauty ideals which she desired (Widyanata, 2013). However, despite her initial excitement, after her transformation had been completed, Widyanata (2013) portrayed how the young woman was met with feelings of hesitation and discomfort whilst reflecting on her now unrealistic looks. In the realisation that she had unfairly discredited her own individuality, she recognised how much self-destructive the pressure to conform was for her self-identity, and thus she reversed the changes she had made (Widyanata, 2013). Taking from this example, it is evident that the destructive
During this stage, Erikson believes that the individual’s successful identity formation relies on social, cognitive and physical maturation (Pittman, Keiley, Kerpelman, & Vaughn, 2011). The individual tries out different roles for who they see in themselves and who they portray to others, eventually committing to their own personal role and occupational choice. Pittman et al. (2011) describe the identity formation as “consisting of decisions, investments, and commitments tied to current and future roles, goals, and relationships.” Additional considerations for identity formation include the context of the culture which is available to the adolescent during this time. After successful resolution of this stage during adolescence, individuals will typically progress into Erikson’s Intimacy versus Isolation stage during young
Adolescence is a time when everything we've ever known is being changed. Relationships, friends, thoughts, and other things that shape who we are become more awkward and confusing and are changed from what they have been in the past. Consequently, we will change also because all these things shape who we are. During a period of such change, it's hard to know who we really are. Adolescence is the time when we find out who we truly are, but not until we know who we aren't. Adolescents use common words, actions, and rivalries to try to define their unique personalities, goals, and ideas. They label themselves in different ways, trying to find a single word that defines them entirely. Through this ongoing change of identity, adolescents fully realize who they are by trying on different identities until they find the one that fits them the best.
Lastly, we look at identity without knowing it adolescents are searching for the answers to the question, “who am I?”. Although this is an important part of development for this stage it didn’t just being in this stage nor do adolescents have the capability to figure it all out. While growing up children are pushed one way or another by parents and peers some are pushed towards academics while others athletics. But how influential are parents and peers?
Bosma. H. A. 11992). Identity in adolescence: Managing commitments. In G. R. Adams. T. P. Gullotta,
This period is marked by physical, social, moral and emotional development (Davies, Hartdegen, Haxell, Le Geyt & Mercier, 2012). It is a time when the adolescent’s sense of self or identity is becoming much more clear and they are beginning to understand their role in society, starting to question the morals of others and contemplating their own moral and ethical beliefs (Davies et al., 2012). During this time Erik Erikson believed that adolescents are faced with the psychosocial stage of identity versus role confusion (Berk, 2008). Adolescents explore their values and role in society, overcoming this conflict to better understand their own identity, however if they do not fully overcome this conflict, Erikson believed that the adolescent would be confused about their values and future adult roles (Berk, 2008). This conflict was clearly demonstrated in my own development during the late teenage years when I experienced both the results of failing to overcome and then overcoming Erikson’s fifth psychosocial stage. At age eighteen I finished secondary school and began my tertiary studies, I had been accepted into the degree I had wanted to study since middle childhood, however I quickly learnt that I was enjoying neither my studies nor my experience of life in halls of residence. I discontinued my studies after only
The stable identity and closeness with parents of these first 8 years of school becomes unstable during the teen period with major growth spurts and hormonal changes. Teens become less close to parents through some form of separation or independence from parental guidance replaced by the influence of peers and the media. Teens are intensely attracted to the opposite gender for intimacy needs but nothing but physical intimacy is possible without a stable identity and closeness. Without the needed boundaries, closeness becomes the anxious“fusion” of two people who don’t know their identities. The big question is “who am I?” The “individuation” process of separating from parental values
As a result of this need, "we, therefore, learn to conform to the standards of other individuals. Moreover, the more we see others behaving in a certain way or making certain decisions, the more we feel compelled to follow suit. " Despite the freedoms we are supposed to have in American society, most adolescents find it difficult to establish their own identity. "Conformity is the jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth," said John F. Kennedy. When we comply with what our acquaintances, family, or public opinion asks of us, we lose the capability to develop into our own person.
Adolescences has always been the most crucial time for developing identity. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between racial identity development of African American adolescents and the role of education. This paper will discuss the effects race has on identity and adolescent development. Following, it will compare students education from a racial perspective and the lasting effects after adolescence.
She believes that a child’s feeling and personal goals is locked away, and instead is replaced with their parent’s expectations and desires. The child soon begins to develop narcissistic traits, in which the parent should allow the child to express feelings such as jealously and anger. In the novel Miller (1996) states “he develops something the mother needs…but it nevertheless may prevent him, throughout his life, from being himself” (p. 34). Allowing children to experience feeling such as anger and jealously provides an understanding on the child is not always perfect. However narcissistic disturbance occurs when a parent projects their own narcissistic desires onto their child, unfortunately suppressing their desires and acquiring their parents. Incidentally several students from Princeton University conducted a research in order demonstrate how narcissism is cultivated by the parents’ overvaluation and parental warmth. Eddie Mrummelman and colleagues (2014) stated, “When parents overvalue their child, they see their child as “God’s gift to man”…children might internalize the belief that they are special individuals who are entitled to privileges” (p 2). The article suggested that parents, who prevent their child from experiencing failure, encourage narcissistic attitudes. The important implication from this study demonstrates how a parent can overly evaluate their child’s
Biological influences combined with societal and social expectations contribute to how well people learn to adapt to their environments (2013). According to Erikson, there are eight stages of development. Within these states, there are different psychological, emotional and cognitive tasks. In order to adjust, individuals must learn to develop these tasks. During adolescence, Erikson states that each person needs to navigate through the development task of ‘‘Identity vs. Identity confusion ’’ (2013). He defined this task by stating that adolescent children must learn to develop a sense of self and establish independence. Prior to this stage of development, a person’s parents largely influence their identity. In this stage the adolescent children begin to explore and develop their identity outside of their parents’ influence (Hill, Bromell, Tyson, & Flint, 2007). Adolescents are generally more egocentric at this stage and have an increased sense of self-consciousness. They also have a strong desire to conform to peer influence and develop concerns regarding their appearance. They develop concern about their level of competence in relation to their peer group as well. As peer influence increases, during this stage, parental influence decreases (Ashford & LeCroy, 2013; Hill et. al, 2007). Conflict generally increases between parent and child at this stage of development (2007).
“Definitions of ‘youth’ in Western societies usually refer to the life stage between childhood and adulthood, the transitional period between being dependant and becoming independent” (Kehily, 2007). The age of this transition can be best defined by the House of Commons as starting at 16 and ending at 24 years old (2013). This transition from youth to adulthood has altered considerably in recent years; the traditional norms and values that youth once followed are no longer respected or easily attained. Current youth have very different life styles and expectations, consequently; adolescents are taking longer to complete the transition into adulthood. Twenty-five years ago the traditional norms we...
According to Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, a major task occurs during adolescence is the resolution of identity crisis. At this stage, adolescents exhibit greater social consciousness and actively seek for a sense of identity. However, the process of identity exploration can be difficult for most teenagers. Some may experience peer pressure and conflicts with friends, while others may suffer from social exclusion (Hoffnung et al., 2016, p. 393). Additionally, teenagers are more inclined to test the social boundaries and often end up in risk-taking behaviours such as smoking, alcohol drinking and sexual activities. The engagement of risk-taking behaviours not only leads to immediate health consequences but could also possibly persist into adulthood (Sales & Irwin Jr,
Adolescence refers to the transition period experienced by children that occur between childhood and adulthood (Shefer, 2011). Identity is first confronted in adolescence between the ages 12 – 19 years old, because of physical and hormonal changes in the body. It is also due to the introduction of formal operations in cognitive development and societal expectation that this contributes to an individual’s identity to be explored and established (McAdams, 2009). The forces within and outside (family, community) the individual that promote identity development usually create a sense of tension. The basic task is, in Erikson’s terms, “fidelity or truthfulness and consistency to one’s core self or faith in one’s ideology” (Fleming, 2004: 9), in a nutshell: "Who am I and where am I
Transition and change are some of the most difficult obstacles for people to overcome. It is no surprise that adolescence, defined as the transition from childhood to adulthood, is full of obstacles (Feldman, 2012). During this time period, adolescents are neither adults nor children; they do not appear to belong in any stable group. However uncomfortable this may seem, it is also a fitting definition. For during the adolescent stage, adolescents face puberty, sexual curiosity, self-esteem issues, and doubts about their future (Feldman, 2012). Psychoanalyst Erik Erikson aptly argued that adolescents pass through the identity-versus-identity-confusion stage in which teenagers search for defining and unique characteristics about themselves (Feldman, 2012). When a teenager struggles with this stage, a crisis emerges in which they are unable to find an appropriate role in life, often acting out or pursuing dangerous behaviors (Feldman, 2012).
Adolescence is a period of transition between the ages of 13 – 19, after childhood but before adulthood. Adolescence can be a difficult period in a teenager's life. Many teenagers do not know how to react or how to adapt to all of the physical, social, and psychological changes that occur during this period. Some adolescents pass through this period without problem, while for others, it is a period of torture, discomfort, and anxiety. With all the biological and social pressures that occur during adolescence, many teens fail to assume their identity. Sometimes family and society does not help to make this task easier. Challenges teenagers face due to biology and society are body image, hormonal changes, social and parental pressures, family problems, school pressures, alcohol, drug abuse, homosexuality, and suicide.