Technical Definition Essay

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Recommended: Research is a formal , systematic application of the scientific method to the study of problems

1. Research (McMillan, p.5)
Book Definition: “a systematic process of gathering, interpreting, and reporting information.”
Technical Definition in my words: a recognized and orderly manner of collecting data and organizing, analyzing and explaining the data so others can understand it and base decisions on it.
Example: The survey provided a voluminous amount of data that were analyzed and explained, ultimately adding to the body of research on teaching English to non-English speakers.
2. Quantitative (McMillan, p. 11)
Book Definition: “emphasizes numbers, measurements, deductive logic, control, and experiments. Studied objectively with the goal of obtaining a single true reality, emphasis on measurement”
Technical Definition in my …show more content…

Example: The hypothesis stated that adult ESOL students would learn more in a classroom that used group learning methods versus a classroom that was purely lecture based.
4. Participant (McMillan, p. 95)
Book Definition: “someone from who data are collected”
Technical Definition in my own words: Someone who provides data (either knowingly or unknowingly) for a research study that are also analyzed.
Example: The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire with specific demographic information.
5. Sampling bias (McMillan, p.112)
Book Definition: “sampling error caused by the researcher”
Technical Definition in my own words: Selecting participants for research based on characteristics that might lead to a result that is either unfair or preferred by the researcher.
Example: After further analysis in peer review, it was determined that the data gathered for the research study were deemed unreliably due to sampling bias because the participants were not representative of the overall population.
6. Refereed (McMillan, …show more content…

Example: There is a high positive correlation between students’ standardized test scores and family income.
11. Validity (McMillan, p.131)
Book Definition: “the extent to which inferences are appropriate and meaningful” “an overall evaluation of the extent to which theory and empirical evidence support interpretations that are implied in given uses of the scores”.
Technical Definition in my own words: A judgement about how suitable a conclusion is based on the appropriate collection of data, interpretation of the data and the decisions made resulting from the interpretation of the data. How conclusions reached match up with the statistical and research rigor necessary to reach those conclusions.
Example: Tests such as the SAT have shown a lack of validity in predicting success at the college level for students with English as a Second Language.
12. Reliability (McMillan, p.137)
Book Definition: “consistency of scores” “the extent to which participants and/or rater scores are free from

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