Tanning is the process by which animal skins are transformed into commercial leather. There are two main methods of tanning - Vegetable Tanning and Chrome Tanning. The latter uses chrome salts as the main tanning agent, and is the process widely used in India. Vegetable tanning involves the use of tannins that naturally occur in tree bark and leaves of certain species. The tannins have properties that help them bind to collagen present in the skins. The process makes the hides less water soluble and more flexible. This is a time consuming process and fairly nonpolluting when compared to chemical tanning processes. Mathew (2012), describes that in chrome tanning hides are first acidified with sulphuric acid and common salt. Next, treatment is done with a solution of …show more content…
This process is carried out in large drums or vats with paddles and workers using long sticks to churn the hides in the solution, (Gupta Shivam, 2007). Tanning- It is also known as the wet blue stage. In this stage that chemicals like Chrome VI, are added to the hides and then put into large drums that revolve so as to allow proper mixing of the agents into the hide. The purpose of using these agents is largely to improve the abrasion resistance, stability and overall life of the hide. Chrome III is the most feasible and economically viable agent available. No alternative has been found for it as yet. Post this come the stages of wringing splitting, shaving, re-tanning, coloring and fat-liquoring. Fat-liquoring- This is the last of the chemical processes. More the fat-liquors added, more is the softness of the leather. After this comes the end stages of setting out, toggling, staking, dry milling, buffing, finishing and plating. These last steps are dry steps and have no major negative impacts (Gupta Shivam,
For my summer assignment, I read the book Skinwalkers by Tony Hillerman. Skinwalkers is about a Navajo police officer named Jim Chee. The story takes place on the Navajo Reservation spanning several states (Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico). Throughout the book, Chee works with Lieutenant Joe Leaphorn to solve three seemingly connected homicides. Over the course of the story, the Officers find several strange bits of evidence, such as small bones and strange stories about things happening around the reservation. As the case progresses, Chee and Leaphorn discover that the motive may be much deeper than just hate, it may have to do with witchcraft. As the story concludes, Leaphorn realizes that Chee has been led into a trap and rushes
First of all, the history off the tanning bed did not start when tan skin was hip. The first indoor tanning lamp was created for medicinal purposes in 1906. It was used on ricketts patients to help them develop stronger bones .# How does a tanning bed create stronger bones? Sunlight produces vitamin D in the body, which allows absorption of calcium. The absorption of calcium creates stronger bones. This tanning lamp was not thought about again until the 1970s, when a man named Friederich Wolff came along. Wolff used “artificially produced indoor tanning UV light to study athletes and how they might benefit from more exposure to sunlight.”# The artificial indoor light also gave the subjects of his study a darker complexion. In the fifties, the invention of the bikini popularized tanning outdoors significantly.# This trend still remained in the seventies.
Organic inks, which are my personal professional preference, are the safest on the market. These types of inks are typically derived from plant matter. Vegan inks are also in the same class as the organic inks as well and are also ranked just as safe as organic inks.Organic inks are also safe to digest. I personally have no plans on digesting tattoo ink, but if I planned on doing so at least I know that it is safe.
Tanning is a commonly used by Caucasian women to cause their skin tone to darken. Melanin is what gives skin its color. Naturally, when we are exposed to sun, the production of a pigment known as melanin starts which itself acts as a deterrent to the burning effects of ultra violet rays of sun (Pakhare). Some Caucasians find it necessary to tan to increase beauty. It is not necessary to tan to increase beauty.
Well-known magazines often have broad headlines that show off celebrities sporting bronzed skin, and these articles often throw around the words “healthy” and “glowy” in a positive context. With this influence subjected upon the general public, indoor tanning has become a popular recreation of American men and women alike. As this new trend continues to rise, medical researchers are beginning to pay close attention to the health effects of indoor tanning, especially when referring to tanning beds, respectively. Through many recent case findings and studies, scientists have linked the use of tanning beds to many dermal health problems including types of skin cancers that are deadly. Despite the fact that tanning beds are detrimental to the dermal health of its victims, the use of tanning beds is on the rise and growing.
Indoor tanning is a controversial topic and has even been the subject of lawmakers in many states for at least the past ten years. Tanning is a symbol of “health and wealth” for many living in the developed countries and yet it is associated with one of the most deadly cancers known to human beings because of the chemical reaction the Ultra Violet (UV) rays at the cellular level. The research is clear that the use of indoor tanning beds can be dangerous and yet, there are some benefits of using indoor tanning beds. Research has also shown that exposure to UV radiation contributes to the synthesis of Vitamin D in the body, it also can positively boost mood, can heal certain types of skin disorders and may also be helpful for those suffering from fibromyalgia. The indoor tanning industry should make known the risks of using a tanning bed known before selling their use to people. Before one makes a decision to use a tanning bed she should be well informed of the risks and benefits.
I tried out for color guard in March of 2016. My experience with joining color guard has been one of the best decisions that I have made so far in my life. Not only has it changed me as a person, it has changed the way I look at situations. It sounds weird that an activity could change so much in my life, but it truly has. And it has made me a better person because of it.
...udy done by the American Academy of Dermatology, 59 percent of tanners were unaware of all the threats that accompany using a tanning bed (Cassidy 2). Cassidy also states that this lack of awareness is partially due to the tanning salons not advertising all information about skin cancer (2). Many salons offer tanning lotions, which are much different than sunscreen lotions. While they may not advertise it as sunscreen, not all customers know the difference. Tanning lotion amplifies UV rays, causing one to absorb more rays more quickly. The lotion contains no sunscreen and does not protect the user from the radiation. Of course, such information is not presented when the salon may try to sell you the product. The unfortunate side effect of such misinformation is that people may contract serious diseases without knowing that those illnesses could have been prevented.
Indoor tanning is becoming a very popular “hobby”, but most people do not know, or do not care, about its dangerous side effects. Studies show that people who use tanning booths have a much higher chance of being diagnosed with skin cancer. If someone were to start tanning indoors before they turn 30 or 25, the risk of them getting Melanoma peaks, and if they start tanning before they turn 20 or 25, they are much more likely to get basal and squamous cancer.
Kaur, M., MD. “Tanning Booth Junkies”. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatolody.56:375-9(2007). Web. 15 Mar.2010
There are no proven health risks of spray tanning as of right now; however the FDA is investigating the safety of the DHA component in the "Mystic Tan".
Indoor tanning increases the risk of developing melanoma because the amount of ultraviolet radiation given off is more than the sun would give off if a person was outside of a summer day. Statistics from Melanoma Research Foundation shows, from one blistering sunburn the chances of developing melanoma later in life. In addition, “using tanning beds before age 30 increases your risk of developing melanoma by 75 percent” (Melanoma Research Foundation). The occasional use of tanning bed can triple your chances. Also, the more sessions, hour and years a person spends tanning increases a person to a higher risk of developing many types of skin cancer (Melanoma Research Foundation). People might think they can “safe tan” but tanning damages the skin cells giving off the color. “Researcher suggests cumulative damage to skin cells can lead to wrinkles, age spots, premature aging and skin cancer. Tanning has been classified as too dangerous the several countries have made indoor tanning illegal” (Melanoma Research Foundation). People try to give themselves an excuse to tan for example, getting that “base tan” before vacations but base tans do not really help a person protect themselves against sunburn but actually gives minimal sun protection. Tanning has risk but some small studies have shown that naloxone a drug that blocks the withdrawal
...process adds from 10 to 15 percent to the price of the fabric, industries still save money because more products can be made in less time. Therefore increasing profits, as well as, reflecting the savings onto the consumers. Other advantages of ‘biostoning’ include, enzymes can be recycled, reduced strain on the industrial washing machines, shorter treatment times, and imperfections are significantly reduced, hence increasing productivity and efficiency. Consequently, this saves the environment by reducing water consumption and waste pollution. The elimination of pumice powder and dust creates a less intensive and safer working condition. However, one problem with biostoning was "back staining" this occurs when loosened dye particles redeposit onto the surface of the fabric, causing discoloration. Such setback can be immensely reduced by optimizing running conditions.
Colorism has became a huge issue in today’s society. Colorism is an issue because, it is a form of racism, it reflects back on the days of slavery, it is overall rude, and jail terms are affected.