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The role of women in ww2 in australia
Women's movement history
The impact of the female rights movement
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The ‘Good Christian Award’ recognises outstanding works in a religious context. The Golding Sisters (Isabelle Therese, Annie Mackenzie and Kate Dwyer) are worthy of such recognition based on their brave plight for social justice and equality for women at the turn of the 20th century. These women founded various organisations and used public speaking skills, firsthand understanding of women’s needs and Catholic social teaching principles to sway opinions of those who didn’t support women’s equality. Evidence of their work is still evident today with women in Australia enjoying equality in society, freedom of speech, equal pay and vocations.
The Golding Sisters lobbied for women’s rights to equal pay and employment. Annie Mackenzie (1855-1934) and Isabella Therese (1864-1940) began their careers teaching in both public and catholic schools (Kingston, 2013). Annie worked with infants and girls and later shifted to teaching at the Asylum for Destitute Children (Kingston, 2013). She was also a member on the State Children Relief Board. Belle left teaching early to pursue a career as the first female government inspector in 1900 (Lemon, 2008). With their sister Kate Dwyer (1861-1949), Labour leader and school teacher, the sister’s began the Womanhood Suffrage League in 1893 and the Woman’s Progressive Foundation in 1901 which aimed to combat the inability for women to work in certain industries and sit on juries (The Sunday Morning Herald, 1933). Belle’s research skills assisted in preparing the sister’s persuasive speeches and statements (Fawkner & Kelly, 1995). In 1921 Kate became a female Justice of Peace (Gallego, 2013). Kate also wrote extensively about politics, industries and women’s questions.
The actions of the Golding Sis...
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...2013. Annie Mackenzie and Isabella Theresa Golding (1855-1934). [Online]
Available at: http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/golding-isabella-theresa-belle-7040
[Accessed 27 October 2013].
Lemon, B., 2008. Isabella Theresa Golding (1864-1940). [Online]
Available at: http://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE3953b.htm
[Accessed 27 October 2013].
Strachan, G., 2013. Still working for the man? Women's employment experiences in Australia since 1950. [Online]
Available at: http://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/
[Accessed 28 October 2013].
The Sunday Morning Herald, 1933. Women's Progressive Association. [Online]
Available at: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/17026507
[Accessed 30 October 2013].
Women's Diaries, 1997. Portrait of Women during the 1850's. [Online]
Available at: http://xroads.virginia.edu/~class/am485_97/women/portrait.html
[Accessed 28 October 2013].
Martin Pugh, in his evaluation of women’s suffrage, focuses his narrative on the Victorian Suffragists, especially from the 1870s to 1890s, arguing- unlike many other historians- that their contribution to the securing of votes for women was instrumental. Presented through 10 essays, focusing on specific topics related to the Suffragist movement, Pugh provides an in depth analysis of both the tactics and political climate the Victorian Women’s Suffrage movement faced. Organised in roughly chronological order, the prose is fluent with constant reference to central ideas featuring in each text, consolidating Pugh’s point.
In Florence Kelley’s 1905 speech to the Philadelphia convention of the National American Women Suffrage Association, she accentuates the obligatory need to reform the working conditions for young children.
During the World War II era, the outlook on the role of women in Australian society revolutionised. As a majority of men were at war, Australian women were encouraged to rise above and beyond their stereotypical ‘housewife’ status. They were required to take on the tasks that were once considered predominantly male roles, and also allowed the opportunity to join the armed services as well as enlist in the Women’s Land Army. Many women who doubted their abilities played their part by entering voluntary work. Women had the privilege of contributing in Australian society in many ways that they had never been able before. Thus, it is manifest that the role of women in Australian society had drastically changed.
The Political, Feminist, and Religious view of Frances E.W. Harper, Phllis Wheatley, and Alice Dunbar-Nelson
After the success of antislavery movement in the early nineteenth century, activist women in the United States took another step toward claiming themselves a voice in politics. They were known as the suffragists. It took those women a lot of efforts and some decades to seek for the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. In her essay “The Next Generation of Suffragists: Harriot Stanton Blatch and Grassroots Politics,” Ellen Carol Dubois notes some hardships American suffragists faced in order to achieve the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. Along with that essay, the film Iron-Jawed Angels somehow helps to paint a vivid image of the obstacles in the fight for women’s suffrage. In the essay “Gender at Work: The Sexual Division of Labor during World War II,” Ruth Milkman highlights the segregation between men and women at works during wartime some decades after the success of women suffrage movement. Similarly, women in the Glamour Girls of 1943 were segregated by men that they could only do the jobs temporarily and would not able to go back to work once the war over. In other words, many American women did help to claim themselves a voice by voting and giving hands in World War II but they were not fully great enough to change the public eyes about women.
The radical and pro-militancy rhetoric employed by both women in the reported speeches situates them at the inception of the most radical phase of the suffragette campaign. As this public meeting was held, a Franchise Bill was being presented before the House of Commons, concerning the possibility of women’s suffrage. For this reason, Mrs. Dove-Wilcox
Morris, M. (2000). Some facts and dates in Canadian women’s history of the 20th century. Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women, 20(1). Retrieved from http://criaw-icref.ca/millenium.
1. She is regarded as the “Grandmother of British Feminism” whose ideals helped shape the
Matthews, Glenna. "Gibson, Althea." American Women's History: A Student Companion. Dec. 1 2000: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.
Schneider, Dorothy. American Women in the Progressive Era 1900-1920. New York: Facts on File, 1993.
Women had proven their significance in Canadian history through their struggles in gaining rights that provided equality. In order to improve the rights of women, the following were established: Royal Commission on the Status of Women, Pay Equity, and Employment Equity Act. The Royal Commission on the Status of Women (RCSW) was called by Prime Minister Lester Bowles Pearson on February 3rd, 1967, to investigate and report on the condition of women which was initiated immediately after an organization, which was led by a coalition of thirty-two women, who protested for equal rights. Together, the thirty two women’s groups gathered to form an alliance against the government. They threatened to “lead a women’s march on Parliament Hill” if nothing were to be done for this matter. Therefore, Prime Minister Pearson did not have any other option except to establish the RCSW in response to this campaign. The C...
In Waterloo, on July 13, 1848, a tea party at the home of activist Jane Hunt became the catalyst for the women’s rights movement. Jane Hunt’s guests were Lucretia Mott, Martha Wright, Mary Ann McClintock and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. As the women drank their tea, they discussed the misfortunes imposed upon females – not having voting rights, not being able to own property, few social and intellectual outlets – and decided that they wanted change. By the end of the gathering, the five women organized the first women’s rights convention set for Seneca Falls, NY, and wrote a notice for the Seneca County Courier that invited all women to attend the influential event. And the right to vote was what advocates of women’s equality
In the mid nineteenth century America was going through an age of reform. The person who would be the center of these reforms would be the women in society. Women soon realized that in order to make sure that all the reforms went through they would need more power and influence in society. The oppression and discrimination the women felt in this era launched the women into create the women’s right movement. The women fought so zealously for their rights it would be impossible for them not to achieve their goals. The sacrifices, suffering, and criticism that the women activist made would be so that the future generations would benefit the future generations.
Suffragette Sally was a story of various women involved in the suffrage movement in England during the early 1900s. We follow the lives and times of Lady Hill, Sally Simmonds, and Edith Carstairs. Each of these ladies represent a different social class. By giving us a representative from each main social class Colmore deals with issues that varying classes may bring up in the movement. Throughout the stories of each character we see how each level of society viewed the suffrage movement and the women involved in it. The involvement and others perceptions on said involvement varied based on both the class of the woman and whether she was a suffragette or a suffragist. Despite differences in class and therefore lifestyle, these women at times dealt with very similar situations and problems.
Throughout the 1950s women were restricted, and confined to marriage and the home. Education for females was nearly unheard of, and frowned upon after a certain extent. Women in the workplace were treated with contempt, discriminated against and often sexually harassed. Pay was unequal, as was the prospect of promotions. However, the rise of Australian feminism in the 1960s significantly undermined legal and social barriers that made women the 'second sex '. Australian women in the 1960’s achieved the elimination of discriminatory practices such as lower pay for female workers, and discrimination against women on the basis of their marital