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Consequence of sunlight exposure on the human body
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In 1974, Benjamin Franklin suggested an annual shift in time in order to utilize sunlight to the nation’s best ability. Daylight saving time received an immense amount of controversy, but was officially signed into law in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 by President George W. Bush. Daylight saving time offers protection for civilians, reduces crime rates, and conserves energy. An extended amount of sunlight provides civilians with safety. As shown in Source A, the dark winter mornings put children walking to school in potentially dangerous situations. Summer daylight saving time allows children to walk to school without having to worry about dark sidewalks and street corners. Not only does this apply to children, but any individual who rises in the early mornings. The ability to feel safer in today’s society is of the utmost importance to U.S citizens and those residing in the nation. During daylight saving time crime rates seem to plummet below the normal rate. As stated in Source C, violent crime rates were reduced “by 10 to 13 percent during periods of daylight saving time.” Sunlight causes civilians to feel generally safer in today’s society. It is believed that crime is greatly influenced by lighting conditions. By scheduling the hours to create more sunlight time the influence of crime opportunities is diminished greatly. Daylight …show more content…
Source C states that roughly “forty to fifty megawatt hours” of electricity, during daylight saving time, is saved nationwide. Sunlight provides more recreational time and decreases the use of electronic appliances such as a TV. This leads to a more active society and advances people's immune systems. By getting out of the house, even to go shopping, an individual is exposed to more bacteria therefore exercising their body and immune system. Daylight saving time provides civilians with more active opportunities by conserving energy inside one’s
Rather than fulfilling its original intent of energy conservation, Daylight Savings Time has not only become an unpopular, discombobulating nuisance but also a potential hazard to public safety and health.
Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 588–608. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2094589
Ben Hogan, a famous golfer, once said, “ the only thing a golfer needs is more daylight”. Daylight saving time not only impacts the world’s golf games, it also affects the economy, outdoor activities and comes with many health concerns.Daylight saving time(also know as DST) was used as a way to save energy and have more natural light in the summertime, but it was as affected and it also came with many consequences to the countries and states that still use this time. It was first used in the USA in 1918 and has been on and off for many years , but now DST is used seven months out of the year. There are two times during the year we change the clocks. The first Sunday in March, we “spring forward” with the clocks and the second Sunday in November we “fall back” one hour. However, daylight-saving time should be abolished from the rest of the world that uses this time throughout the year.
Cohen, L. E. & Felson, M. (1979). “Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activities approach,” American Sociological Review 44:588-608.
In order to find out what caused crime rates to rise; one must first determine whether or not crime actually rose during the time period. Manuel Eisner in his Long-Term Historical Trends in Violent Crime claims that by using homicides as an indicator one can opt that crime actually showed a downward trend during the second industrial revolution (Eisner 85). But Eisner fault lies in the fact that his work only looks at violent crime. David Philips claims this may appear to be because of lack of “full-time paid uniformed police forces” thus the inaccurate, “uncoordinated” system, “contained apparent contradictions” (O'Brien and Quinault 156). Philips goes on to plot an upward trend in crime using committals and not just violent crime like Eisner; Philips plot shows a “very clear and rapid increase” in crime, one that was larger that could be accounted for by population increase alone (O'Brien and Quinault 158). Phi...
The body and brain are changing machines, where states of consciousness shift with zealous nature to allow our human anatomy to flourish. Schedules of the circadian rhythm function differently for everyone yet, is an important part of functioning for the human anatomy/mind. For the average person, however, the cycles we go through usually speak for a sleep rotation. But sometimes, even with these measured rituals, we find ourselves at a loss when we realize how fragile our circadian rhythm can be, caused by "insomnia," " jet-lag, " or even "weekend-lag."
Daylight savings time has been something that individuals born post World War I have always had implemented in their lives. Many people never really consider the point of daylight savings time until it rolls around twice a year nor do they realize the original purpose. There are approximately 70 countries out of 196 that observe daylight savings time, at least in a portion of the country. Daylight savings time has had many changes throughout the history of it, but is it time to move on? Although there may be advantages such as more natural light, but disadvantages such as the disruptions with our circadian rhythms outweigh the advantages.
Wagner also points out that curfews are ineffective. Statistics show that more juvenile crimes actually occur during times not under the city’s curfew (Youth Today). Espejo reports that, “According to the FBI, ‘Youth between the ages of 12 and 17 are most at risk of committing violent acts and being victims between 2 p.m. and 8 p.m.” These are times outside the range of curfew laws (23). According to McKinny, a curfew’s purpose is to protect youth from crime (Time.com). The times of frequent youth criminal activities do not match up with the times of curfew ordinances, thus proving that the curfews are ineffective in reducing juvenile crime.
Then all of a sudden, instead of going up and up and up, the crime rate began to fall. And fall and fall and fall some more. The crime drop was startling in several respects. It was ubiquitous, with every category of crime in every part of the country. It was persistent, with incremental decreases year after year. And it was entirely unanticipated, especially because the public had been anticipating the opposite...
Many of the traditional criminological theories focused more on biological, psychological and sociological explanations of crime rather than on the cost and benefits of crime. More conservative approaches, including routine actives, lifestyle exposure and opportunity theories have clearly incorporated crime rate patterns as a fundamental part of analyzing the economics of crime. Crime statistics are important for the simple reason that they help put theories into a logical perspective. For example, a prospective home owner may want to look at crime rates in areas of potential occupancy. On a more complex level, it helps law enforcement and legislators create effective crime reduction programs. Furthermore, it also helps these agencies determine if crime prevention programs, that have been in effect, have been successful. There are many factors that influence the rates of crime including socio economic status, geographical location, culture and other lifestyle factors. More specifically, Messner and Blau (1987) used routine activities theory to test the relationship between the indicators of leisure activities and the rate of serious crimes. They discussed two types of leisure actives, the first being a household pastime, which primarily focused on television watching. The second type was a non-household leisure event which was consisted of attendance to sporting events, cinemas, and entertainment districts. The focus of this paper will be to study the effects that substantial amounts of leisure activities have on the offender and the victim. Leisure activities not only make a crime more opportunistic for offenders, it may also provide offenders with motivation to engage in criminal activity. On the other hand, it may also be argue...
Although crime is committed at all hours of the day, juveniles and adults differ in the time period they are most likely to commit a crime. Juveniles are more likely to commit a crime after they get out of school for the day, between 1500 and 1900 (Crime Solutions). The cut off being at 1900 most likely has something to do with parents wanting their children in early for the night to prepare for school the next day or other possible chores or homework. It could also have something to do with the advance i...
Curfews help the streets of many cities all around the U.S. More than 146 U.S cities, according to findarticles.com, have curfews that require kids under the age of 18 to be off the streets and in their house at a certain time. According to youthservicesslc.wordpress.com the U.S Conference of Mayors sent out a survey to other Mayors in 347 cities and discovered that 83 percent of the cities alleged that gang-related crime in some of the cities had decreased. For example, police in Phoenix say that gang affiliated murders, drive-by shootings, robberies, and major assaults have shrunk by 42 percent since the curfew law has been in effect according to findarticles.com. Even in Michigan curfew have been known to reduce teen crime, In Ludington, according to Capital News Service, “When Lake County had a problem with mischievous youth, the police department stepped up curfew enforcement for those under 16 and it paid off. The number of youth crimes decreased, Lake County Sheriff Robert Hilts said. Similar effects have been reported elsewhere. After curfew laws are put in place, youth arrests drop ...
Situational crime prevention reduces the opportunities for criminals to commit crime by making changes to or altering the environment with the assistance of the police, neighbors and other agencies (Worrall, 2008). The main theories of situational crime prevention are: environmental crime prevention, rational offender perspective, and routine activities (Worrall, 2008). Environmental crime prevention basically states that four elements must be present for a crime to occur: a target, a place (opportunity), a law, and an offender. Environmental crime prevention is designed to prevent people from breaking the law by altering street and building designs, or altering the environment to make it safer (Worrall, 2008). An example of this that is used by law enforcement is to place a sign at the public trash dumpsters informing the public that the area is being videotaped. This method is used to alter the publi...
spraying graffiti on public places, ect. In many cities crime rates among teens have declined at substantial amounts. The U.S Conference of Mayors surveyed mayors in 347 cities with curfews and found that 88 percent of the cities found that curfews made their streets safer for residents. While only 72 of the 347 cities had daytime curfews, 100 percent of those cities showed a decrease in truancy and daytime crime. Gang related problems also d...
Some general facts have been gathered about victimization. Victimization is more likely at night between the hours of 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. Personal larceny is more common during the day, with more serious crime occurring at night. Crime occurs more in open public areas, although rapes and simple assaults tend to occur in homes. Crime is most frequent in central city areas. Western urban areas have the highest crime rates, while the Northeast rural areas have the lowest (BJS,