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Vision sensation and perception
Perception quizlet
Perception quizlet
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Webster dictionary defines synaesthesia as “a subjective sensation or image of a sense other than the one being stimulated” (Wyld,1963). Synaesthesia is a condition that causes someone to have associations of usually color with certain everyday things, such as numbers or letters. There are several different types of synaesthesia that will be discussed in this paper digit-color synaesthesia, odor-color synaesthesia, and person- and music-color synaesthesia. A common effect that is discussed when talking about synaesthesia is the McCollough effect. This effect is a wonder of humans and their visual perception where colorless gratings appear to have a color. Digit-color synaesthesia is when an individual has an unintentional color associated with every number. This is not intentionally learned or taught. No case of synaesthesia is …show more content…
In a study done by V. S. Ramachandran and Zeve Marcus, seven synaesthetes and thirteen non-synaesthetes were tested on their personal effects of the McCollough effect (2017). Collectively, this study showed that the observations made could prove the possibility that the McCollough effect can take advantage of the color connections that synesthetes already possess to strengthen the effects. These four different studies of different types of synaesthesia and the McCollough effect have proven that synaesthetes are likely to have an easier time memorizing and recalling information because of their associations with numbers, odors, people, and music. It allows them to be consistent with the information they provide, as well as, accurate. Synaesthesia is not an intentional phenomenon, nor can it be easily learned. It is a circumstance that is unique to every individual that has it and no two synesthetes are the same or have the same
The two types of aphasia discussed in class is non-fluent aphasia and fluent aphasia. Aphasia can occur when there is damage to the left hemisphere of the brain, which is the language center of the brain. People with non-fluent aphasia will say or sign random words, there will be little or no function words/signs, similar to the telegraphic stage of language development. People with fluent aphasia will be able to produce sentences with function words, but the sentences will contain miss-selected words/signs.
Imagine a world where numbers, letters, tastes, and sounds have color. Imagine a world where letters and numbers have personalities. For a synesthete, this is their world. Synesthesia occurs from a cross wiring in the brain. Instead of one sense being used in a particular action, multiple senses are used. Although little medical knowledge is known about the condition, it is fascinating and continues to impact our world.
The original thought experiment did not mention that science has advanced far enough to be able to explain the qualia of colour. Nor did it mention that Mary is able to imagine what it is like to experience colour vision. So, the knowledge argument argues that even though Mary does know all of the facts of colour vision; because, Mary does not know the experience of colour, physicalism must be false (pg. 35). However, this argument is flawed because it seems to be based off of ignorance (pg. 36). It is possible for Mary to have never seen red, but still know what it would look like (pg. 36). My argument is that if physicalism is more likely to be able to explain the qualia of colour than property dualism, then physicalism must be possible and more plausible than property dualism. If physicalism is possible, then someone like Mary could possibly exist in the future and know everything about colour vision, including the qualia of colour, without directly experiencing it (pg. 35). Someone like Mary in the future could possibly know everything about colour vision (pg. 36). Therefore, physicalism could possibly be true. If the
In Beau Lotto’s Ted Talk “Optical Illusions Show How We See” we could appreciate how our perception can vary based on the context. He explained the importance that color has in our lives and all of the factors that can alter how we perceive a color, such as illumination. Lotto showed how the light that comes through our eyes could mean anything, however it is our brain’s job to give meaning to that information by using patterns, associations, knowledge from past experiences, etc.
Blue color blindness, also known as incomplete achromatopsia or blue-cone monochromatism, is an X-linked recessive disorder in which only the blue cones and the rods are functioning properly. A previously proposed theory states that signals from rods travel in the same pathways which carry signals from the blue-cones, making color vision in a blue-cone monochromat impossible. However, current research on blue-cone monochromats shows that signals from some rods and cones may be traveling by separate pathways to where wavelength discrimination takes place, making color vision possible in this type of monochromat, when both rods and blue cones are working simultaneously under twilight conditions. (6,7)
He suggests that when analyzing colors and their role in brain processes, we are misinterpreting the way it should be understood. When we speak about these sensations that are synonymous with the brain processes, it should be said as “There is something going on which is like what is going on when ____,” (149). In the case of seeing red as mentioned before, the statement would appear as “There is something going on which is like what is going on when I have my eyes open, am awake, and there is an emission of red cast from an object, that is, when I really see red." Ultimately, I do not believe this response is an adequate answer to the objection. It appears that Smart is merely altering the linguistic nature of the question rather than providing a solution to the problem. This “something” neutralizes the difference between a brain process and a sensation without giving a sound reason as to why or how they would be considered identical rather than
Synesthesia has many forms ‹ synesthetes may taste shapes or feel odors, for instance, or perceive alphanumeric characters in particular colors. Synesthetic perceptions are involuntary and are reliably triggered by the phenomena that induce them. They are also consistent over time for a given synesthete; that is, a true synesthete for whom the musical note E produces a percept of red triangles on a field of yellow will invariably experience that sound that way.
Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder that disrupts communication and it can deteriorate a person’s coping potential and quality of life (Parr, 2001) which involve damage to the parts of brain that contain language (ASHA, 2013). Statistics from United States indicated around 25-40% of stroke survivors developed aphasia (National Association of Aphasia, NAA, 2013). Aphasia will affect both the ability to produce or comprehend spoken language and written language while intelligence is left intact (NAA, 2013). In US, it is found that the most common cause of aphasia is stroke (85%) and others including Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), brain tumor or other degenerative diseases (NAA, 2013).
Total Recall: the woman who can’t forget, Gray Marcus has indicated that “The type of memory system we have—in technical terms, context-dependent rather than location-addressable—has been around for several hundred million years.”. The discovery of Jill Price’s memory ability can give an insight to the field of learning and memory and how changing our memory system can affect the efficience of infirmation storage. The future study may provide methods of how normal people can increase their memory ability using psychological practices.
Humans are visual creatures. We rely on sight more than any other senses, such as smell or sound, in order to interpret the world around us. Through interaction with each other, our societies, and our cultures, we learn common themes that tell us to associate certain things with concepts or actions. One common usage of this kind of theming is when a color corresponds to character or a location in creative media in order to inform us of their nature. Such as how Scar from "The Lion King" has a black mane and a darker color scheme in comparison to the other lions to show that he's the villain.
Synesthesia itself has only recently gained credibility as a neurological phenomenon after functional neuroimaging studies identified differences in patterns of brain activation (Hubbard & Ramachandran, 2005), as many have previously dismissed it as simply a side effect of an “overactive imagination”. As there was a lack of scientific research on synesthesia during Kandinsky’s time, there is not a lot of information on how, exactly, he associated colours and sounds. However, no matter how scientifically proven or unproven Kandinsky’s chromesthesia was, it is clear that he had quite an unusual relationship with music and colour, as shown by his extreme sensitivity to the use of colours in his artwork and references to colour-related sound (and vice versa) in the quotes given in the previous paragraph. This relationship was, in essence, Kandinsky’s method of responding to the world in his art.
Synesthesia is a neurological condition in which the stimulation of a sensory or cognitive pathway causes a second sensory or cognitive pathway. There are varying types of synesthesia in which taste and shapes, sound and color, and other mixes of senses are paired in a reaction. The cognitive perspective “examines human thought and behavior in terms of how we interpret, process, and remember environmental events. The strategies and schemas that we use to view the world are important to understanding why we think and behave the way we do.” Because synesthesia involves how people interpret, process, and, often times, remember events, the cognitive perspective has a strong presence in The Man Who Tasted Shapes.
In 1987, Francine Shapiro was walking in a park while moving her eyes from side to side and noticed a reduction in undesirable emotions she was experiencing from disturbing memories. She presumed the desensitizing effect was a result of her eye movement. She later learned isolated eye movement did not produce the complete therapeutic effect and added treatment features to include cognitive components (EMDR Institute, 2017). In order to explain her intervention, Francine Shapiro, developed an information processing theory.
The way that each individual interprets, retrieves, and responds to the information in the world that surrounds you is known as perception. It is a personal way of creating opinions about others and ourselves in everyday life and being able to recognize it under various conditions. Each person’s perceptions are used as a kind of filter that every piece of information has to pass through before it determines the effect that it has or will have on the person from the stimulus. It is convincing to believe that we create multiple perceptions about different situations and objects each day. Perceptions reflect our opinions in many ways. The quality of a person’s perceptions is very important and can affect the response that is given through different situations. Perception is often deceived as reality. “Through perception, people process information inputs into responses involving feelings and action.” (Schermerhorn, et al.; p. 3). Perception can be influenced by a person’s personality, values, or experiences which, in turn, can play little role in reality. People make sense of the world that they perceive because the visual system makes practical explanations of the information that the eyes pick up.
The stroop effect works by the use of words on their own have a much stronger influence over a person’s ability to say the color. The interference that occurs between the different information received by the brain causes a conflict to occur which happens because of what the words say and what the color of the words mean.