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Enzymatic analysis of lactase
Enzymatic analysis of lactase
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Lactose Intolerance - What is lactose intolerance - Lactose intolerance is one of the most prevalent illnesses of the modern world, Lactose intolerance is a digestive problem where the body is unable to digest lactose. Lactose is the main sugar in milk, and it is one of the things that causes the most problems in the digestive tract, it is most commonly found in dairy products. Symptoms of lactose intolerance usually occur a few hours after consumption of food or drink that contains it. For example, if I had a bowl of cereal for breakfast this morning and I had milk on it, after awhile I might start to feel sick or have diarrhea. This is the some of the symptoms of Lactose intolerance, others include: Bloating, gas, cramps, sounds from the stomach lick a grumble or a moan. When a lactose persistent person drinks a glass of milk when it reaches the small intestine in the digestive tract the …show more content…
In the picture it shows two parents who carry the mutation. It is possible that there children could either have lactose intolerance, be a carrier of the disease of not be affected by it at all. Those of are three possible outcomes for their children, but if only one parent carries the mutation there is a decreased likelihood that the child would be affected by the mutation. Primary Lactose Intolerance - This is more common in certain races : African, Asian and American Indians. In this case the amount of lactase ( which breaks down lactose ) made by the body decreases after childhood. Meaning that you would need to eat lactose for life, or you could take pills to increase the lactase in your body. Secondary Lactose Intolerance
One of the most primitive actions known is the consumption of lactose, (milk), from the mother after birth. Mammals have an innate predisposition towards this consumption, as it is their main source of energy. Most mammals lose the ability to digest lactose shortly after their birth. The ability to digest lactose is determined by the presence of an enzyme called lactase, which is found in the lining of the small intestine. An enzyme is a small molecule or group of molecules that act as a catalyst (catalyst being defined as a molecule that binds to the original reactant and lowers the amount of energy needed to break apart the original molecule to obtain energy) in breaking apart the lactose molecule. In mammals, the lactase enzyme is present
Lactase is an enzyme found in the digestive system. It is essential to the complete digestion of sugar in whole milk and milk products. Lactase specifically breaks down lactose, a complex sugar. Lactase cannot be absorbed by the body unless it is broken down by lactase into glucose and galactose. According to webMD, “Lacking lactase in their intestines, a person consuming dairy products may experience the symptoms of lactose intolerance…Abdominal cramping, flatulence (gas) and diarrhea can occur when a lactose intolerant person consumes milk products.” ("Lactase Enzyme oral : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD", n.d.) Lactase is not recommended for use in CHILDREN younger than 4 years of age. Safety and effectiveness in this age group have not been confirmed. (Kluwer, 2014)
Lactose intolerance (LI) is the inability of some humans to digest the lactose sugar contained in most dairy products and foods made with dairy products. LI has numerous readily apparent physical symptoms such as gas, cramps and diarrhea (Houts 110). More importantly, LI may lead to malnutrition in those people affected because of the loss of milk's important nutrients. Not everyone is affected by LI. In fact, genetic background rather than any other health or cultural factor seems to best predict LI. The inability of humans to digest lactose has enormous health consequences, particularly among the poor populations of the U.S. and the developing third-world countries.
Ivy is the third generation in her family to be affected by achondroplasia. Her grandfather, her father, and her brother also have it. Achondroplasia is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait whereby only a single copy of the abnormal gene is required to cause achondroplasia. Nobody with the mutated gene can escape having achondroplasia. Many individuals with achondroplasia have normal parents, though. In this case, the genetic disorder would be caused by a de novo gene mutation. De novo gene mutations are associated with advanced paternal age, often defined as over age 35 years. If an individual with achondroplasia produce offspring with a normal individual, the chances of the offspring inheriting the mutant allele achondroplasia is 50%. If both of the parents have achondroplasia, the chances that their offspring will be of normal stature a...
Genetic disorders can be caused by many of the 46 chromosomes in human cells. This specific disorder is linked to a mutation in the long arm of the X, or 23rd chromosome. The mutation is recessive, meaning a normal X chromosome can hide it. Females have two X chromosomes allowing them to hide the mutated recessive one, making them a carrier of the gene, while males only have one X chromosome, meaning that they are unable to hide the mutation and they become effected by the disease. Therefore if a male carries the gene, he is affected because he has no way of dominating the recessive gene, but if a female carries it, she is only a carrier and has a 50/50 chance of passing it on to her baby. This may seem like a high probability however, only one in every fifty thousand male births will have this immunodeficiency disease.
...gous to the gene, there is a twenty-five percent chance that the chid will be health, a twenty-five percent chance that the child will have the disease, and a fifty percent chance that the child will carry CF.
This couple has discussed their concerns involving the genetic possibility of their children having cystic fibrosis since a family member has this disorder.
Lactase, a type of enzyme usually found in the small intestine, breaks down lactose into sugars such as galactose and glucose. People that are lactose intolerant cannot consume anything containing dairy because they cannot break down lactose, a sugar found in milk. Those that are lactose intolerant lack the enzyme lactase. Without lactase, the body does not have the ability to break down lactose, which leads to a person having an upset stomach and diarrhea. Adults are more likely to be lactose intolerant than children because of the metabolic change in the body (Dritsas). The lack of lactase that people have can be compensated by taking pills to help break down lactose that is consumed; with the help of a lactase pill the body can now absorb galactase and glucose properly (McCracken, 481).
Lewis, Ricki, (2014), Human Genetics, 11th Edition, Chapter 12. Gene Mutation. [VitalSource Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from
The presence of a mutated gene may not be noted until a woman with no family
Since the gene for HD is dominant, there is a 50% chance of a sufferer's
Swagerty, D. L., Walling, A. D., & Klein, R. M. (2002). Lactose intolerance. American Family Physician, 65(9), 1845-1850. Retrieved from http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/12018807
Wagner, C. L., Anderson, D. M., & Pittard III, W. B. (June 1996). Special properties of human milk. Clinical Pediatrics , p 283.
Drink only 1 or 2 ounces and see how it affects you. Raw milk, while excellent for your health, can trigger diarrhea. In some cases, it may trigger a common detoxification reaction called the Herxheimer reaction.
Most diseases are caused by a type of genetic component. Many of the diseases that have been caused by gene mutations are undiagnosed. These remain undiagnosed because the disease is so rare that the doctor does not know how to diagnose the patient. Many sy...