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Roles of the World Bank
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World Bank Group - the group that consists of five organizations created in different times and functionally united,organizationally and geographically, the purpose of which is providing financial and technical assistance to developing countries.
TheWorld Bank Group consists of:
• The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development – IBRD;
• The International Development Association - IDA ;
• International Finance Corporation – IFC;
• The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency - MIGA ;
• International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes - ICSID ;
The IBRD and IDA are the World Bank proper form.
The World Bank Group’s headquarter is in Washington, DC.
Foundation
The member organizations of the World Bank Group have been
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The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency was created in 1988 to protect against the risks, primarily political; investments made in the financial assistance from the IBRD, IDA and IFC.
Organizational structure
The World Bank was created on the basis of a joint stock company whose shareholders are 185 member countries of the organization. Number of votes will depend on the share of participating countries in the capital of the Bank.
These shareholders are represented by the Board of Governors. The Board is the main decision-making body, determines the policy of the World Bank. The member countries are represented on the Governing Board, usually Finance Ministers. The Governing Council meets once a year during the Annual Meetings of the Boards of Governors of the World Bank and the International Monetary
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Executive Directors form the Board of Directors, headed by the President of the Bank. The Board of Directors is submitted by five executive directors representing the interests of the Member States with the biggest stakes: the US, Japan, Germany, France and Britain. The rest of the 19 executive directors represent groups of countries participating in the World Bank.
President of the World Bank Group (to July 1, 2012 Dr. Jim Yong Kim) shall preside at meetings of the Board of Directors and is responsible for overall management of the World Bank Group. By tradition, the President of the World Bank becomes a citizen of the United States - a country that is the largest shareholder of the Bank. The President is elected by the Board of Governors for five years and may be re-elected. Five vice-presidents, including three senior vice-president and two executive vice-president are responsible for a specific sector.
The July 1944 United Nations Financial and Monetary Conference, known as the Bretton Woods Conference, who created the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the forerunner of the World Bank, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). The “Bretton Woods system” was bolstered in 1947 with the addition of the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), forerunner of the World Trade
Strengths Long-standing reputation Provision of quality healthcare Highest rank in patient satisfaction Recipient of Joint Commission accreditation Serving a diverse population Weaknesses Smaller than other four hospitals Decrease in net profit Increase in expenses Significant increase in long-term debt Not-for-profit status Opportunities Changes in government regulations Change in lifestyle Influx of patients due to higher patient satisfaction Cost savings Opening of some outpatient clinics and surgery centers Threats Too much competition
The Federal Reserve System is the central banking authority of the United States. It acts as a fiscal agent for the United States government and is custodian of the reserve accounts of commercial banks, makes loans to commercial banks, and is authorized to issue Federal Reserve notes that constitute the entire supply of paper currency of the country. Created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, it is comprised of 12 Federal Reserve banks, the Federal Open Market Committee, and the Federal Advisory Council, and since 1976, a Consumer Advisory Council which includes several thousand member banks. The board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System determines the reserve requirements of the member banks within statutory limits, reviews and determines the discount rates established pursuant to the Federal Reserve Act to serve the public interest; it is governed by a board of nine directors, six of whom are elected by the member banks and three of whom are appointed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve banks are located in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, Cleveland, Richmond, Atlanta, Saint Louis, Minneapolis, Kansas City and Dallas.
The Federal Reserve was created by Congress on December 23, 1913. The current chairperson for the Federal Reserve is chairman Jerome Powell. The Federal Reserve was created to provide a federally insured system. All banks that are FDIC insured have to fall under the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve regulates the banks and creates a safer environment for their customers. The Federal Reserve affects the U.S. has been affecting the U.S. economy ever since it was established. It’s system promotes maximum employment and initiate stable prices for goods and services. It intends to also bring stability and balance to the financial system. The Federal Reserve also decides the federal interest, which has the power to dramatically affect the economy
is an international confederation of 17 different organisations working in 94 countries worldwide to find solution for the poverty, so it is also owned by many people.
Bosshard states that the “World Bank was set to receive its first grant on February 11th, 2014 but removed the project from its board calendar the previous week.” (Bosshard, 2014) Bosshard’s concerns for the project range from financial stress on the poorest inhabitants of the region to environmental issues.
SWOT analysis is a necessary tool for business that allows corporations to analyze where their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats lie. The SWOT tool contains paramount information about the industry and helps the executives of the business make decisions that are necessary for the business’s survival and success.
The Board of Directors is consisted of 11 members: James M. Elliot, the Chairman of the Board, 3 inside members and 7 outside members. The economy is stable and profitable, but that also means a lot of competition in the market. This poses a great opportunity for the company to grow and gain more of the market share. The only foreseeable real threat that the company will face is new competitors in the market.
Not only a air-freshener but also can give you the fresh air in every part of the world
test whatever it's a bad effect or not. So when it used on humans, we
3. The UN structure is a very well thought-out one. The UN contains over 150 countries, with 5 main heads of state. These 5 countries are America, France, Great Britain, Russia and China. The 5 head countries always make the decision on whether to help a country that is in need or not. The basic structure is that there is a general assembly, which is the head of the UN. Off that there are 5 separately run systems, which are International court of justice, Economic and social council, Security Council, secretariat and the trainee council. All have different, yet major roles in striving to make the UN a success.
The SWOT analysis is a useful tool for identifying our personal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to our plans and goals. According to a “Fuel My Motivation” article (2010), this analysis considers internal influences that can positively or negatively affect our ability to achieve our goals. The internal factors are our strengths and weaknesses. Also considered are opportunities and threats, which are external influences that can have a positive or negative impact on the ability to achieve our goals. I will share how the self-assessment instruments and self-exercises in this course have contributed to assessing and understanding my strengths and weaknesses. I will also discuss techniques I will use to leverage my strengths and understand my weaknesses. In addition, I will consider opportunities that I can take advantage of and the threats that can possibly impede my progress.
Organizations that only have top management as the board members are more susceptible to accounting malpractices. Members of the board should preferably own shares in the company to ensure diligence when it comes to the interests of the company. Apart from the Board of Governors, there should also be an audit committee in place to oversee the financial dealings of the bank. Members of the board and the audit committee should have basic financial knowledge. Some of the members should also be experts in finances so that they can detect any anomaly that may take place in terms of financial reporting. An overhaul of the regulatory framework is required to empower authorities to intervene immediately, and make improvements. New technology is required. Manual antiquated processes should be eliminated because this causes greater human error and poor
In the year of 1327, Kind Edward III of England defaulted on his Italian debts. This caused the banks of Bardi and Peruzzi in Florence to collapse. Who would know that over 650 years later, the world would still have these types of problems? After World War II, the need for an organization like the IMF was finally realized. After the war, politicians and economists began to work on blue prints for a postwar world. They envisioned a liberal international economic order, based on stable world currencies and revived world trade. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) finally came into existence on December 27, 1945. On this date, twenty-nine countries signed its charter when meeting at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. On March 1, 1947 the IMF came into financial operations.
According to Carol Padgett (2012, 1), “companies are important part of our daily lives…in today’s economy, we are bound together through a myriad of relationships with companies”. The board of directors remain the highest echelon of management in any company. It is the “group of executive and non-executive directors which forms corporate strategy and is responsible for monitoring performance on the behalf of shareholders” (Padgett, 2012:1). Boards are clearly critical to the operation of companies and they are endowed with substantial power in the statute (Companies Act, 2014). The board is responsible for directing and steering the company. The board accomplishes this by business planning and risk management through proper corporate governance.