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Essays on false memory
Essays on false memories
False memories tie into cognitive psychology
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I believe that memories that have been repressed and later on recovered should not be allowed in court to prosecute an alleged abuser because memories could be contaminated and even if the person truly thinks that the memory happened it could all just be a false memory. In a ted talk Elizabeth Loftus, mentioned that the memories of an individual could not be trusted completely because they could suffer a misinformation effect, where the person might hear or see something about the case that changes their existing memories and tricks them into believing that the alleged abuser is guilty, when in fact he or she is innocent. These phenomenon can occurs to anyone that is exposed to any other information about a case or any situation in general
On June 19th of 1990, Robert Baltovich’s girlfriend Elizabeth Bain went missing. Elizabeth told her family that she was going to check the tennis schedules at her school, the University of Toronto Scarborough Campus. She never returned, but her car was eventually recovered. It was found with blood on the backseat, with forensic tests showing that it was Elizabeth’s. With no clear evidence, the “solving” of the case was completely based on eyewitness testimonies, which eventually had Robert arrested for the murder of his girlfriend.
Cynthia Adae was taken to Clinton Memorial Hospital on June 28, 2006. She was taken to the hospital with back and chest pain. A doctor concluded that she was at high risk for acute coronary syndrome. She was transferred to the Clinton Memorial hospital emergency room. She reported to have pain for two or three weeks and that the pain started in her back or her chest. The pain sometimes increased with heavy breathing and sometimes radiated down her left arm. Cynthia said she had a high fever of 103 to 104 degrees. When she was in the emergency room her temperature was 99.3, she had a heart rate of 140, but her blood
A summary of the case details (provide the circumstances surrounding the case, who, what, when, how)
When conducting research for my project, I came across a website that contained a few primary sources regarding the Salem Witch Trials. One of these primary sources was the photo of a legal document explaining the death warrant and reasons for execution of a woman named Bridget Bishop. Bishop was claimed to be a witch in Salem during the year 1692, and the document explaining her significance involving witchcraft resides in the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Massachusetts. My thesis for this primary source is that the judge and jury believed they were seeking justice by executing Bishop, a woman whose death was truthfully based on her differences as a person rather than actual crimes she committed.
6. With respect to the controversy regarding reports of repressed memories of sexual abuse, statements by major psychological and psychiatric associations suggest that:
Ashley Smith was a young girl that was placed in a juvenile detention centre at age 15 for throwing apples at a mail man. Her short sentence quickly extended into a life sentence because of so many infractions within the prison system. Ashley suffered from extreme mental health issues and was place in a psychiatric prison facility, however this facility was shown in the documentary to be corrupt and their actions with Ashley were extremely illegal. Furthermore, Ashley wasn’t given the proper help and treatment that she needed, instead she was physically and verbally abused by guards in the prison, and she ultimately passed away in the prison. Her death is still being debated about whether
...at because of the size of the children there would have been physical symptoms, no documented evidence of this sort was presented during the case. Out of 100 students no physical symptoms were ever recorded, and not one student said anything about abuse until four years later when the investigator was pursued (Silvergate, 2004) No parents ever filed complaints prior to police investigation. Because memories are malleable and children are even more vulnerable to authority, it is very probable that some children just complied to the leading questions due to fear, but is it possible that they all could? The influence of the investigators parallels to the influence of therapists in cases of sexually abused children's recovered memories.
The case of Anne Gunter fits the modern stereotype of witchcraft accusations and the trials that resulted from them; a young girl falsely claims that an older woman or women are causing her harm using supernatural abilities they have gained through nefarious means, sending the community into an uproar. Hysteria runs rampant through the community and the poor women are harshly punished – the formulaic story plays out similarly throughout popular media, must notably in Arthur Millers’ ‘The Crucible’. Yet in the case of young Anne Gunter from North Moreton, there is a deviation from the “standard plot” of a witchcraft trial – the women are acquitted and Miss Gunter’s subterfuge is revealed. The fact that the allegations are not only proven to be false, but a confession of such is given by Anne Gunter allows the focus to shift from the actual Gunter case to what factors played into why people were accused of witchcraft. What we can infer from the Gunter case is that people in England were accused of witchcraft because of three major things: lack of power, prestige, and plenty within society.
On 08/05/2016 at approximately 1:50 AM, this Investigator with Investigator V. Shroyer arrived at 12211 N. Paradise Village Parkway, Phoenix, AZ for Case # 537001 report of Child Neglect for victim Fiona McFadden (DOB: 03-05-2013) against her mother Monica Katich (DOB: 09-17-89). Upon arriving on the scene, this Investigator met with the report source, Phoenix Police Officer E. Gomez # 7977 in reference to Phoenix Police DR: 2016-00001441605. According to Officer Gomez, Phoenix Police received an emergency 911 call from Monica Katich that her friend later identified as Ashley Brook Post (DOB: 06-21-83) had overdosed on Heroin. Upon Officer Gomez arriving on the scene, Monica told Officers Gomez and Officer Cambell (#9021) that her friend Ashley
The Lynne Gobbell case demonstrates that many people are not in favor of the purest form of freedom of speech. In this case, Lynne had a ‘Kerry for President’ sticker on her bumper, and although no harm came from this, her boss erupted and demanded she remove the sticker. After denying such a ridiculous request, she was fired immediately. In my opinion, this is outrageous because she was not causing anyone harm, and it affected nothing. People should be able to stand up for what they believe in, and should be able to freely represent what they stand for. Decorating vehicles should never have a negative impact on another person. For example, as a die-hard Dallas Cowboys football fan, I do not start breaking windows when I see other vehicles representing the San Francisco Forty Niners. I may not agree with what they represent, but I will gladly respect their opinions and continue to think freely while cheering for what I believe in. Mills’ harm principle suggests that the actions of individuals should only be limited to prevent harm to other individuals. It is easy to recognize that Lynne is not harming anyone, but instead she is the one being harmed; thus Mill’s would side with Lynne in a heartbeat. Karl Marx’s views on this case do not differ too much on this case as his ideas and beliefs would favor Lynne. His critiques of alienated labor and bourgeois freedom show how badly workers can be treated, as he believes workers tend to be taken for granted and treated badly by the upper class. Marx believes there are many different types of alienated labor and all affect workers in a variety of different ways. Marx and Lynne would both have defended Lynne if they were given such an opportunity to do so.
False memories being created is obvious through many different ways, such as eye-witness testimonies and past experiments that were conducted, however repression is an issue that has many baffled. There seems to be little evidence on the factual basis of repressed memories, and many argue that it does not exist. The evidence for repression in laboratories is slowly emerging, but not as rapidly as the evidence for false memories. It has been hard to clinically experiment with repressed memories because most memories are unable to be examined during the actual event to corroborate stories. Experimenters are discovering new ways to eliminate this barrier by creating memories within the experiment’s initial phase. This is important for examining the creation of false memories during the study phase. This research study will explore the differences between recovered memories and false memories through research and experiments. Other terms and closely related terms will be discussed, while examining any differences, in relation to repressed memories. The possibility of decoding an actual difference between recovered memories and false memories, through biological techniques. Because false memories can be created, examining these creations in a laboratory setting can shed light on facts overlooked. Exploring these issues will also help with the development of better therapeutic techniques for therapists in dealing with memories. This can lead to an easier process for patients and therapists if they must go through the legal system in relation to an uncovered memory.
Can memories be biased? Researchers Postarino and Doyle-Portillio (2013); Bernstein and Loftus (2009); and Bartholomew (2009) found increasing evidence to suggest that the answer to this question is yes. Explicit and implicit memories are encoded differently, but it appears both can be fallible. Also worth noting, is that this can happen without a person conscious awareness. Kolb and Whishaw (2014) examined studies that gave participants a list of words, then gave them a second list. The second list contained some, but not all items from the first list, but many participants thought the word sugar was on both, when in fact it was only on the second. Similar words like cake, sweet, and candy were on the first so this seemed to confuse participants. This phenomena researchers refer to as false memory. False memory is different from a lie; unlike a lie, the individual in this case may give false account of the past truly believing that he or she is telling the truth. In other words, false memory can simply be defined as mental experience that is wrongfully considered as the truthful representation of the past. False memories can result in both minor and serious consequences Bernstein & Loftus, 2009; Bartholomew, 2009).
As German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche quoted “It is impossible to suffer without making someone pay for it; every complaint already contains revenge.” The defendant Mary Barnett has been charged with the crime of second degree murder of the death of her six-month-old baby. In some sense, a mother who killed her own child ,out of personal relationships, is obviously guilty. However, based on current evidence, the verdict could be arguable. Barnett qualified some criteria of a second degree murderer such as intentionally leaving Alison alone to die in their apartment. Due to her mental state, Barnett was not aware she was leaving her children instead thought the child will taken care of whey she was at California. It comes to the reason that Mary
When an individual is trying to remember a certain memory or piece of information that is already learned, they access their long term memory to determine that memory. Studies have been conducted to prove that the theory of retrieval induced forgetting is true. An example of recognition induced for getting is the infamous eye witness testimony. When the victim is brought to the police station and told to choose which person in the line is the cause of the crime, the time spent between the actual crime and the trip to the police station can cause an issue with the witness remembering who the suspect was. Eye witness testimonies are considered an inaccurate way to catch a criminal because the victim can accuse the wrong person. Even in children, there are concerns when teaching a child, if they should access their long term memory to effectively learn. In present studies, retrieval induced forgetting was tested to prove if recognizing recent information causes harm to already learned information. In regards to the child learning, the downside of accessing their long term memory is the same as an adult. It is shown that retrieval induced forgetting can cause impairment to memory. Even when retrieval induced forgetting is an issue it is believed that one of the reasons that memory impairment is a hard subject to solve is because it only affects verbal memory not
When a child is under undue stress and crisis, memory systems, encoding of experiences and storage of memories are not the neural priority (Porges 2007). While implicit contextual, sensory and emotional information is available, neural networks do not offer priority to retrieval of the memory. Therefore, triggers to the event tend to be sensory or emotional and often difficult to understand. Neurobiologically, it appears that these memories are not stored by the hippocampus initially in short term memory, possibly due to the heightened state of arousal which affects memory storage ( Badenoch, 2015). While memory is often irretrievable during the trauma, the individual will often be able to recall events and acknowledge details once distanced from the traumatic relationship (Bernstein & Freyd, 2014). Bernstein and Freyd (2014) discussed that in betrayal trauma, information is often omitted, and incidents selectively processed to achieve the maintenance of the bond the maltreating