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Mental illness concept paper
Mental illness concept paper
Mental illness concept paper
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In this work Nancy Mairs, a woman with multiple sclerosis, discusses why she calls herself a cripple as opposed to the other names used by society to describe people with disabilities. She prefers the word “cripple” over the words “disabled” and “handicapped”. Nancy Mairs presents herself as a cripple using a straightforward tone, negative diction, repetition, and logical/ethical appeal. In the first paragraph, Mairs explains who she is. She starts off with the simple sentence “I am a cripple”. This sets off the tone as being straightforward; Mairs waste no time in stating who she is. Additionally, the use of the negative diction of the words “wince” and “brutal” adds to the straightforward tone by explaining that cripple isn’t the nicest word to relate her condition to but it is the truth. “People- crippled or not- wince at the word ‘cripple’”. Furthermore, the repetition of the word “I” emphasizes that this is Mairs opinion and that she is the one explaining who she is. “I choose this word” and “I recognize” and “I want”. The Ethos appeal is expressed though the repetition of “I” because it explains that this subject is personal to Mairs; she has …show more content…
Mairs is a “lover of words” and understands the difference between crippled, disabled and handicapped. She is knowledgeable about words. The word cripple “made its first appearance in the Lindisfarne Gospel in the tenth century”. Her knowledge explains her reason for not calling herself disabled or handicapped. Disable can mean a “mental” disability and she doesn’t think she has been put at a disadvantage like handicapped implies. “My God is not a Handicapper General”. Mairs continues to write in a straightforward tone stating, “I like the accuracy in which it (crippled) describes my condition”. Mairs knows who she is and doesn’t sugar coat her condition by calling herself a name that is more
In her essay “On Being a Cripple,” Mairs describes her path of acceptance of her multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis by declaring that she is a “cripple” in alternative to the more broadly acceptable terms: disabled or handicapped. Her essay is written with humor, satire, an open heart, and open eyes. Mair’s purpose is to describe her acceptances of her condition by using rhetorical elements and appeals, such as ethos and pathos, in order to allure her audience.
Society is quick to judge and label people different from themselves. Whether it is because of different ethnicities or any form of disability. Most of the time these labels are put forward with intention to hurt the recipient’s feelings. In the passage Nancy Mairs challenges and rebels against society’s discrimination and use of improper labels. She emphasizes that she should only be called crippled rather than handicapped or disabled because from her perspective the other labels make her seem weak and inferior. Mairs establishes her claim through the use of rhetorical devices such as tone, diction, and anaphora.
In Nancy Mair 's "Disability" and Matthew Soyster 's " Living under Circe 's Spell" the authors give the reader a firsthand opinion and experience on what it is like being disabled. In Mair 's opinion, disabled people should be viewed as normal people. In contrast, Soyster does not view his disability as normal,but instead as something that is ruining his life and independence. Through their essays they give their personal opinions on their lives as cripples, but their aims in discussing the topic differs. Mair 's finds her disability to make her who she is and has grown to accept it. She uses figurative language such as description, diction, and allusions to disclose her forbearance of MS. In contrast, Soyster believes that his disability is dwindles down his worth and purpose. Mair and Soyester both use language, tone, and rhetorical strategies to convey these message, but their intended audience diverges.
This backdrop may be used to represent various issues such as language, labels, and a reclaiming process that is undertaken by many people in the community who are oppressed. For example, the people who are disabled in the community are usually not different in any aspect that may be presented in the text. In the expression of the term cripple, the author finds it offensive and decides to use freak instead. Also, he explains why he does so by narrating a story to the people who are disabled to make them feel better. Hence, the use of the word freak by Clare does not imply a negative meaning. Instead. It reinforces the attitude the disabled people have towards themselves (Rosemarie
In “On Being a Cripple,” Nancy Mairs. She hates to call her handicapped because she believes that hold her back. The author writes, “I certainly don’t like “handicapped,” which implies that I have deliberately been put at a disadvantage, by whom I can’t imagine (my god is not a handicapper general), in order to equalize chances in the great race of life” (21). In other words, she doesn’t want to call her handicapped, because she wants to live her life with equal chances even she’s not. Her positive attitude makes her more active. She’s trying to live a normal life with her disability. She hates being crippled, but she’s trying to get over it. If she had a negative attitude, she wouldn’t write about her own story. She wouldn’t do anything. I believe her positive mindset affects somehow to get rid of something that hold her back. She overcame the effects of her illness through positive attitude. Mairs and Jamison’s thoughts they have shaped their lives either positive way or negative
This tone is also used to establish an appeal to pathos which he hopes to convince the audience of the fact that handicapped people are still people and not less than anyone else. A very prominent example of Peace’s emotion is displayed when he says, “Like many disabled people, I embrace an identity that is tied to my body. I have been made to feel different, inferior, since I began using a wheelchair thirty years ago and by claiming that I am disabled and proud, I am empowered,” (para. 15). This declaration demonstrates to his audience that Peace is honored by who he is and what disabled people can do and that he is tired of being oppressed by the media. Peace also makes this claim to support his thesis in the first paragraph that states, “The negative portrayal of disabled people is not only oppressive but also confirms that nondisabled people set the terms of the debate about the meaning of disability,” (para. 1). This is Peace’s central argument for the whole article and explains his frustration with society’s generalization of handicapped people and the preconceived limitations set on them. Peace’s appeal to pathos and tone throughout are extremely effective in displaying to his audience (society) that those who have disabilities are fed up with the limits that have been placed in the
“And I refuse to participate in the degeneration of the language to the extent that I deny that I have lost anything in the course of this calamitous disease; I refuse to pre- tend that the only differences between you and me are the various ordinary ones that distinguish anyone person from another,” (138). Note that she refuses to identify as any other ordinary person. This leads us to believe that even though she may hate her disease, she accepts that it is a big part of her life, and should be treated as so. This in turn connects her with readers who also have been diagnosed with MS disease and furthermore makes them feel like they are not alone in their struggle. Mairs does not try to disguise the fact that she has MS, but instead embraces her differences. This teaches other MS sufferers that instead of trying to deny the fact of their disease, instead they too can embrace their differences and live a good life. She calls herself a cripple because it most accurately describes her, and she does not believe in catering to the “sensitive” phrases society uses to describe people with her condition. This gives her audience a sense of individuality. Furthermore an even more specific audience can connect with her and feel that she understands their very unique personal struggles. This in turn makes her
Her powerful statement reveals that she is not embarrassed seeing that she wears her title with pride. We can conclude that she is also comfortable with her predicaments seeing that she says, “Whatever you call me, I remain crippled. But I don’t care what you call me so long as it isn’t differently abled” (Mairs). Still and all, she states that she will never refer to anyone else as cripple in light of how society is more willing to accept death, war, sex, sweat, or even wrinkles before they accept
In “On Being a Cripple,” the speaker, Nancy Mairs, a multiple sclerosis patient, presents herself as a bold and confident woman through her diction and syntax. For example, Mairs’ blunt diction throughout the passage makes her appeal very sassy. She puts herself out there to be a “tough customer” with a “calamitous disease.” These words are very blunt and straightforward; therefore, this allows the audience to perceive her as an incredibly bold woman. These words also give the impression that she is confident in her own skin, even if she is “crippled.” She also chooses to be called “crippled” instead of “handicapped” or “disabled” because she does not want people to feel sympathy towards her. This just goes to show that she is undeniably bold
Lucy Grealy tells a story about not fitting in, unbearable pain that takes up residence in one’s head as loneliness and confusion, questioning what things mean, being scared and lost in your family, enduring intense physical pain, and most importantly, figuring out who you are. Lucy had no idea she might die, even though the survival rate for Ewing’s sarcoma was only five percent. She does not present her parents as overly afraid for her life, either. Her autobiography is not a story about the fear of death, but about such courage and anguish. Lucy shows how she falls under the spell of her disability, allowing it to control her life and dictate her future to a greater extent than it would otherwise. Having a disability means that sometimes you have to say "I'm disabled, therefore I can't...", but as Lucy finally learns, it also means sometimes saying "I'm disabled, but I can!” Through her traumatic tale of misfortune, she has sifted out truths about beauty, the public, and self-concept.
After she elaborates on the different terms used to describe challenged people, she explains exactly what disorder she has and what it does to her and other people with it: “Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic degenerative disease[...]the easiest to lose and the hardest to live without.” Mairs includes this portion to explain to the audience what she has to live with, which helps to explain some of the struggles she has to live with. This also develops a base for the rest of the essay, as it gives grounds to go deeper into what exactly the disease does to her and causes for of a sympathetic response from the audience. Mairs also compares the lives of cripples and “normal” people throughout the essay, explaining the differences in lifestyle options and how “normal” people are almost privileged in society, due to cripples constantly being looked down upon or inferiorized. She strongly develops this thought by bringing up a point about models and their lack of the presence of visibly crippled models: “Physical imperfection, even freed of moral disapprobation, still defies and violates the the ideal, especially for women[...]But she is never a cripple.” This section illustrates her almost loathing for the world’s ideal views and that because of her disorder, she will never be able to fall into this category. This portion of text does a very good job of developing sympathy within the reader, as it causes them to feel bad for her, and almost develops some guilt within them. This contrast between the life of a cripple and of a normal person clarifies how her life is a struggle and how she has to face many irregular discriminations due to her
This essay has served to give a brief understanding of the theories and practices of the medical and social models of disabilities, and how they affect people with disabilities. It is an important issue to consider as there are still many things in the world the disable people and we still have steps to make society inclusive.
A popular early twentieth century belief about disabled people can perhaps be best summarized Julian Huxley, Aldous Huxley's brother: "Every defective man, woman, and child is a burden. Every defective is an extra body for the nation to feed and clothe, but produces little or nothing in return" (CITATION!) Thus,
During this speech, I learned a lot of elements about disability. Smith says that disability is something we want to see. I thought of the Walking Dead. Even though I am not a die-hard fan, the fact that some of the zombies may or may not have limbs intrigues me. I focus on their movements and wonder how they are going to get in contact with the characters. Smith states that moving images often manipulate disabilities to produce an unable feeling. Amputation is shown as bad thing. It is often shown as a dragging, crawling or depressing inferiority. They are often shown as not being able to convey anger because they are helpless. The example of a man being angry and falling from his chair in Forest Gump was a great representation of this. The disable moves are shown as depressed, sad and only drag and or fall. The viewer feels distance from the amputee because they don’t have what would be considered to be abled body. It is displayed as inferior to regular movement. One man shared his story of not having legs and used crawling as an uplifting experience. He also had a very intellectual profession which showed that he was not a helpless man because of this lack of having legs. He was just like any normal
In this paper, I have attempted to establish the concept of ‘disability’ as a constructed one and how associated notions of disability results into people with disabilities being marginalized and oppressed. The identity of a disabled cut across the boundaries of race, class, caste and gender and tends to shift these groups to the corners of the society. The term ‘disability’ in itself holds the negative and discriminatory connotations that lead to further prejudiced and stereotypes against the disabled people in the society.