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Differences between ancient civilizations
Sumerian culture vs Egyptian culture
Comparison of civilizations in the Ancient world
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Sumeria is one of the ancient civilizations in historical regions in Mesopotamia, which is now modern day Iraq. Historians believe that the area called Sumer was first permanently settled by non -Semitic people who spoke the Sumerian language. The Sumerian civilization took form in the Uruk period (4th millennium BCE). The Sumerian city of Eridu was the world’s first city, where three separate cultures merged – the peasant farmers, nomadic Semitic pastoralists and fisher folks who were the ancestors of the Sumerians. Based on research, historians believe before the Sumerians there was no other known civilization as advanced as the Sumerians. Sumerians were advanced in their technologies, knowledge and development of a society. Sumerians developed and cataloged the brightest stars, and outline zodiacal constellations. The Sumerians were also the first people to make calendars based on the phases of the moon. The Sumerian scribes used the phases of the moon counting 12 lunar months as a year. They also knew of the existence of all the planets in our solar system except for Pluto. Sumerians knew that Earth was round and that Earth circled around the sun. They were familiar with comets, meteors, and could calculate relationship between the movement of the sun, moon and Earth and predict …show more content…
The Sumerians counted the sun and moon as planets. 11 of the Sumerian planets are recognized in our solar system. According to the Sumerians the 12th planet is called Nibiru. Nibiru is the planet of the Gods. The planet visits our solar system every 3600 years. The orbit of Nibiru is elliptical and travels through our system passing between mars and Jupiter then turning around the sun and leaving for another 3600 years. Several Sumerian tablets depict the 12 planets with the accurate orbits and sizes in relation of each other. They also had written histories about the beginning of our solar system and creation of
The school system of the Sumerians set the educational standards for Mesopotamia culture and other cultures to follow. Their studies included mathematics, botany and linguistics. Some students tha...
Before the formation of Persia, the region was occupied by a group of people by the name Elam. The Elamite civilization first developed in the Susian plain, under the influence of nearby Sumeria and Mesopotamia ( ancient name for an area now known as Iraq ) . the Sumerians were the most advanced and complex civilization at that time. In 3100 B.C they invented a Semipictographic writing system which was one of the first writing systems in the world. Around 3000 B.C a group of people by the name Akkaians moved into the northern Sumerian territory. Eventually the Akkads took over the Sumerians and Elams and established the Sume-Akkad Empire. At this time the Akkad Empire spread from the Mediterranean sea to the Caspian sea in the north and Persian Gulf in the south
However, the section of the Bible that really seems linked to Sumerian mythology is the book of Ecclesiastes. The writer of that book informs us, in Eccl. 12:9-10, that in the course of composing it he read widely, presumeably everything that he could get his hands on in those days. From internal evidence it's obvious that he read some version of the Epic of Gilgamesh. It's fascinating to see that the story, already very ancient by Biblical times, circulated so widely in the Middle East.
All these civilizations were connected by coastal shipping, therefor creating the first large metropolitan web. China also had civilizations, but it remained isolated from the Nile-Indus corridor. In the Americas civilizations appeared mainly in Mesoamerica, although much later than in Eurasia, such as the Olmecs and Mayans. None of these civilizations merged, but their interactions created the first metropolitan web in the Americas. Decipherable written records seen in Mesopotamia (cuneiform) and Egypt (hieroglyphics) are lacked in both South America and the Indus Valley, preventing too much to be known about their civilizations. Sumerian cities in Mesopotamia were perhaps the most advanced of their time, and their religion played a major role in their everyday life. Temples were the most distinct parts of the city and pleasing the gods was always a priority until military rulers reduced their importance. Sumerian cities also were centers for new technology such as tools, cloths, and weapons. Urban dwellers had the advantage of these superior weapons and pastoralist groups had the advantage of mobility, leaving farming villages to submit to the powerful and organized warfare. In order to maintain their new power, rulers established tax collectors and military specialists. This initiated a social system with social classes based on rank and wealth (luxury goods). Developments that occurred in Egypt and Indus Valley were participants in the building of the metropolitan web around Sumer. The Nile was the bases for all life in Egypt, as it allowed transport by boat as well as a water source for irrigation and successful farming. The whole of Egypt was politically unites under one pharaoh, who was considered to be a divine ruler. Egypt’s geography kept them safe from external threats, and they found little interest in affairs outside of their borders. The
Many language experts think that that Zecharia Sitchin got it all wrong when he translated ancient text that he claimed a group of people called Sumerians didn’t think there were so many pla...
The Epic of Gilgamesh is generally regarded as the greatest literature about tales of a great king. The Epic of Gilgamesh served to show us a lot of things. The time period of BCE is very blurry, and this story attempts to describe many different things in not only Sumerian beliefs, but also Sumerian's culture as a whole. Like many stories from BCE the truth itself is questionable, even though a lot of the information is fact. The factual information that Gilgamesh teaches us about Sumerian Civilization is that had had many craftsman and artistic skills, and also a strong belief in Gods.
The “Bull of Heaven” is named Utu in the Sumerian literature, and Shamash in Akkadian, and is frequently depicted as a golden bull with a beard of lapis lazuli (“Lyre”). Utu is the god of Sun and also procurer of justice, and is noted frequently in one of two central text to the Sumerian’s religion, the Epic of Gilgamesh (Soltysiak, 4-5). This poem is one of the first works of literature in human civilization, and had been both told orally and written down throughout time in Mesopotamia (Neal, 42). Within the poem, Utu is used by the ruling gods and goddesses to try and punish Gilgamesh (Soltysiak, 5). Due to the nature of the Sun, some interpret Utu may have also had strong association with the afterlife due to the sun setting at night, though this is not noted in any of the religious text or myths (“Lyre”; Kramer,
Planet X also known as Nibiru was the home of the Anunnaki and the symbol for Planet X was a “winged orb sometimes drawn with two serpents” (Dubay 321). It is the same symbol found in all kinds of Masonic temples and meeting halls. According to Sumerians the planet is on “a large elliptical orbit that brings it into our solar system between Mars and Jupiter every 3600 years” (Hardcastle 60). The Sumerian story of how the Earth came into existence was that when the Planet Nibiru entered our solar system one of the moons collided with the Planet Tiamat, breaking it into two, one of the halves exploded and the other half emerged as Planet Earth.
People of the ancient world often had questions about their existence and how life and people came to be on earth. Most ancient people answered these questions through religion. The Sumerians were the first important group of people to inhabit Mesopotamia and they were known to practice a form of worship called polytheism, which is the worship of several gods. Mesopotamians associated different gods with natural events, emotions, and other occurrences. Their main deities included An (the god of the heavens), Enlil (Lord Storm), Enki (god of wisdom), and Nihursaga (the mother of all living things)(p.22). The Mesopotamians believed that the gods controlled all of the events and occurrences in life. An ancient text called “Creation of Man by the Mother Goddess” (p.34) helps us understand how the M...
...ere very unconventional compare to what other civilizations knew about. As a matter of fact, the calendar they produced was more accurate than the one we use today.
The epic is based off of a group known as the Sumerians. The Sumerians were the first educated inhabitants of Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia was a society established around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The Sumerian society were the first group of people able to build and maintain a society that included people working together for a common goal. They are also known for having the first sort of use of language to communicate, they also had some sort of a government used to keep everything in order and working smoothly. They also were the first known society to use a form a caste system where people were apart of different classes. They were also able to develop some form of crop rotation and able to work the land for the best turn out of
In the Commentaries, Jebidiah Smith presents the theoretical solution that the nations of Cor, stating the nature of the institutions, religions and culture may have been the direct influence for the first cities that arose in the Fertile Belt of Mesopotamia. The early Sumerians called these first city states Eridu and then Uruk, along with the others. Eridu was declared by the Sumerians mythology to have been created by their water gods Enki, evolving into Elil
“The dawn of civilization sparked an age of discovery and nuance in the west. The earliest Neolithic people started as nomadic tribes that never stayed in one place for very long. They were hunters and gatherers and traveled in groups. This carried on until about 8000 b.c. When farming was developed, people could now enjoy the luxury of staying in one spot. This also led to the domestication of animals as livestock. Dating back to almost 3000 b.c., the Sumerian Civilization was the home of the earliest civilization. It was home to the first city, Ur, which was the center for worship of the Sumerian gods. Its largest city, Jericho, had 2,000 inhabitants. It is said that they created urban life through trading and taking part in public works.
Ancient Mesopotamia is one of the earliest civilizations to emerge, dating back to 3100 BCE. Its people, the Sumerians, are credited with the invention of some of the most important human creations, such as the first form of writing, the wheel, and various aspects of mathematics. Being such an early civilization, these inventions were fairly basic, and were greatly improved over the next two thousand years, to become indispensable to the people of today.
The first civilization in Mesopotamia was Sumerian. During the early years of Sumerian men wore small loincloth with a string in the waist so it could hold the waist up. This covered hardly anything. Later they started wearing skirts that were knee or lower length. The skirt would be held up with a thick rope belt that would be tied to the back. They were decorates with Fringe, a string like cloth, or they would cut pieces of fabric out in shapes of pedals. Women would wear a Shaw. A Shaw is a piece of fabric worn around the shoulders, or a scarf. Afterwards towards the end of the Sumerian rule men and woman wore skirts and shawls, this was around 2000 B.C.