Location-Based Service (LBS) is one of the most popular mobile services today, which offers wide range of services that are based on information about the physical location of a user or device. Typical LBS includes real-time turn-by-turn directions, find Points of Interest (POI) or social network services such as Facebook, Foursquare, Loopt, and Qype. However, user location privacy of is a major concern in today's mobile applications and there has been significant research dedicated to address this issue. Various location privacy preserving mechanisms (LPPMs) have been used to preserve the privacy of the location information of mobile users. This survey aims to present the privacy preserving mechanisms employed in the Location based services. Moreover, the LPPMs are classified into cryptographic and non-cryptographic mechanisms, and taxonomy of the mechanisms is also discussed. Furthermore, the classification and comparison of different mechanisms are presented based on the probability distribution attack. Also the strengths and weakness of different mechanisms are highlighted. The development of new technologies has deeply influenced the traditional mobile networks which uses user location information for data transmission. However, recently the user location information has been extensively employed for location-based-services (LBS). In mobile networks, privacy is the major concern as it doesn't have a clear line of protection. The location-based services refer to a wide range of services that are based on information about the physical location of a user or device. Typical LBS includes social networking services such as Facebook ~cite{Facebook:2014:fb} or Foursquare ~cite{Foursquare:2014:fs}, where the user shares his/her ... ... middle of paper ... .... Based on defense mechanism goals and attacker knowledge, the classification of the privacy preserving mechanisms used in location-based services will be presented in this section as shown in figure ef{fig:classification}. In summary, one problem with obfuscation mechanisms is that the effective size of the targeted obfuscation area can be minimized if an adversary applies some prior knowledge (map knowledge). The adversary can derive a probability distribution attack function of the user actual location over the obfuscation area. If the probability is not uniformly distributed (i.e., distribution being more concentrated around the user actual location), an adversary can easily find out the true location of user with high probability. Hence privacy is dependent on the adversary and neglecting adversary’s knowledge and capabilities limits the privacy protection.
The word “privacy” has a different meaning in our society than it did in previous times. You can put on Privacy settings on Facebook, twitter, or any social media sights, however, nothing is truly personal and without others being able to view your information. You can get to know a person’s personal life simply by typing in their name in google. In the chronicle review, “Why Privacy Matters Even if You Have ‘Nothing to Hide,'" published on May 15th 2011, Professor Daniel J. Solove argues that the issue of privacy affects more than just individuals hiding a wrong. The nothing-to-hide argument pervades discussions about privacy. Solove starts talking about this argument right away in the article and discusses how the nothing-to-hide
Security versus privacy is becoming a major issue in today’s society. Recently, the National Security Agency has been the victim of scrutiny due to allegations of espionage. Similar claims not only stem from the authority, but also come from the public as well. For example, one is enjoying a night out in a restaurant when a group of teenagers arrives. Before it is noticed, some of the teenagers take photos with a cell phone. The picture encompasses most of the area occupied; therefore, every person in that general area is included in it. A few moments later, one teen uploads that picture to various social media websites to share along with captions stating the current location. Although not a single person gave consent, pictures are being circulated with thousands of strangers in the innumerable realms of the internet. Not only are these pictures all over the web and an invasion of privacy, but people viewing those pictures are able to discover recent whereabouts with the simple click of a button. Due to technology’s rapid advancements, similar acts such as these are becoming nearly inevitable. But, these are the very same advancements that help us live in a free and open society. In order to avoid intrusions yet maintain safety, restrictions should be put upon consumer devices, capabilities of security devices, and government abilities.
To begin with, various websites are violating our privacy by selling our data to third party companies. Today accumulation of personal information is escalating using technology tools all over the world without permission of an individual. Precisely, social networking sites such as Facebook collects information actively while websites such as Google passively. Facebook allows strangers to view anyone’s profile and systematically eliminates privacy for those who choos...
That's My Tracker” by Peter Maass and Meghan Rajagopalan also demonstrates that the privacy of many American citizens are being violated day by day. They do so by allowing the government to have access into our mobile devices. As mentioned in “That's No Phone. That's My Tracker” Mass and Rajagopalan mentioned, “It appears that millions of cell-phone users have been swept up in government surveillance of their calls and where they are made from” (Mass & Rajagopalan, 2012). The government has the authority to overlook the calls each person makes and where their exact location comes from. Is this really the privacy and liberty the American citizens “have”? In this article it also articulates, “Frictionless sharing, whereby social networks automatically let our friends know what we are reading or listening to” (Mass & Rajagopalan, 2012). People don't have to give you permission to allow you to know where they are located or what you are doing. In reality it doesn't take much for a person to investigate and figure it out and the government has really taken advantage of
TOR (Roger Dingledine) is a circuit based low-latency anonymous communication service. TOR is now in its second generation and was developed from the Onion routing program. The routing system can run on several operating systems and protect the anonymity of the user. The latest TOR version supports perfect forward secrecy, congestion control, directory servers, integrity checking and configurable exit policies. Tor is essentially a distributed overlay network which works on the application layer of the TCP protocol. It essentially anonymizes all TCP-based applications like web-browsing, SSH, instant messaging. Using TOR can protect against common form of Internet surveillance known as “traffic analysis” (Electronic Frontier Foundation). Knowing the source and destination of your internet traffic allows others to track your behavior and interests. An IP packet has a header and a dat...
With the increasingly ubiquitous nature of mobile devices and online availability, including smartphones and tablets, there is also an understandable concern about the level of security that is afforded to such devices. This can be considered as increasingly important given the proliferation of policies such as BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) which is being used by diverse organizations as a way of lowering the cost of ownership for such devices while also leveraging the flexibility advantages that their utilization can bring. It is therefore an area of immense interest due to the changing and emerging nature of both the technology itself as well as the security concerns.
Social medias have become a big part of our society now, they are being used in all aspects of our life. We are connected twenty-four hours a day, at work, school, home, shopping etc. There is a necessity, a need to be connected to these social media’s, to feel like you are a part of society. With these growing numbers in being connected to social media’s on the web, there comes a growing desire for privacy and safety. In this paper I will discuss and analyze the social media’s themselves, the dangers that arise from them, and how all these correlate to privacy.
As we evolve in the information age, online privacy rights have grown over the past years. In 1986, a federal law was passed to protect an individual’s electronical information. “This law was produced to make a fair balance among the privacy expectations of citizens and the legitimate needs of law enforcement” (EPIC). With the Internet developing intensely, there is a great deal at stake such as the theft of your identification. But where it all begins is when you access the Internet. This is the first step in being aware of your privacy because you go through the process in signing up with an Internet Service Provider (ISP). With this process you have a IP address attached to your ISP. This is the primary step on how your information starts
1. Unknown. Privacy in Cyberspace: Rules of the Road for the Information Superhighway (Aug 2003). Privacy Rights Clearing House. 29th March 2004. http://www.privacyrights.org/netprivacy.htm
Gralla, Preston. "Smartphone Apps: Is Your Privacy Protected?" Computerworld. N.p., 7 July 2011. Web. 22 Apr. 2014.
In our effort to address the barriers to healthcare access, our mission is to improve our clients well-being and health outcomes by providing medical, mental, and preventive services for individuals with a history of chronic homelessness. With a collaborative effort aided by the case management and outreach currently offered by the Watts Labor Community Action Committee (WLCAC), the mobile clinic will provide additional supporting services that will focus on bringing mental health services, healthcare and social services directly to our clients. As we strive to integrate our services by collocating a mobile clinic, we will focus on disease prevention and healthcare promotion through primary care, while employing a biopsychosocial approached with the goal of optimizing wellness within the population we serve. The objectives outline for the medical outreach program will focus on improved quality of care by using every advantage that is presented with a collocated model and the cross discipline solving techniques that will be available with coordinated care. This holistic approach will include a care team that will bring additional resources and will also focus on being the link to additional comprehensive services while monitoring treatment and outcomes. The integration of services can also prove to be cost effective by the flexibility it offers and by consolidating the resources currently available at WLCAC. The program will also be sustainable by using the working relationships it will have with other community health providers and by using the educational services provided by the University of Southern California. Providing medical services that touch upon primary care practice guidelines,...
Technology has advanced tremendously over the past decade, and appears to be advancing at a rapid pace each and every day. The social media is growing just as rapidly. Social media is an interaction between individuals that want to exchange information, photographs, and ideas in different types of networks. Social media users include people of all ages. These people have various experiences, have different cultures, and have various technical skills. (Brandtzaeg 1008) The social media depend on net-based technologies to generate the network for users to share. Social media includes everything that has to do with the Internet. By using the Internet, users can communicate with people locally and worldwide. People are no longer required to travel across the world to experience another culture. This can be done with social networking. The types of social media today come with many different types of communication such as social blogs, wall-postings, songs, photographs, and podcasts. The communication between users is informational, interactive, and also educational. However, unfortunately, most social networking sites keep track of all the interactions that take place, and this is a concern about Internet privacy for Facebook, Twitter, Google, and other social media users. Not only do they keep track of all interactions by the users, they also own all the content, including pictures that the users upload. The social network keeps this information on the user, even if the user deactivates their account with that particular site. Most users do not have any idea that the operator of the networking service keeps this information, and has access to all pictures and tags. By not having adequate security...
The New Media Age has brought about a wealth of technological innovations from the smartphone to online social media platforms. These creations have changed the way many people conduct their daily lives, but it has also changed the way the world faces privacy. New technologies make the spread of information astonishingly easy. As information is more readily available to a vast online audience, there is growing concern for the protection of people’s private information. Yet these technologies offer a number of limitations ranging from ownership of information to the ability to circumnavigate privacy systems that diminish privacy to a mere concept left to be desired, in turn altering the perception of the devices spawning the issue.
In this era when the Internet provides essential communication between tens of millions of people and is being increasingly used as a tool for security becomes a tremendously important issue to deal with, So it is important to deal with it. There are many aspects to security and many applications, ranging from secure commerce and payments to private communications and protecting passwords. One essential aspect for secure communications is that of cryptography. But it is important to note that while cryptography is necessary for secure communications, it is not by itself sufficient. Cryptography is the science of writing in secret code and is an ancient art; In the old age people use to send encoded message which can be understand by the receiver only who know the symbolic and relative meaning of that encoded message .The first documented use of cryptography in writing dates back to circa 1900 B.C. Egyptian scribe used non-standard hieroglyphs in an inscription. After writing was invented cryptography appeared spontaneously with applications ranging from diplomatic missives to war-time battle plans. It is no surprise, then, that new forms of cryptography came soon after the widespread development of computer communications. In telecommunications and data cryptography is necessary when communicating in any untrusted medium, which includes any network, particularly the Internet [1].Within the context of any application-to-application communication, there are some security requirements, including: