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The political system of the united states
Enumerated powers were intended to
Political changes after the civil war
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People can think and act the way they want as long as they do not impose on the well-being and freedom of others is the meaning of liberty. Liberty means that European system of government or religious sentiments was law. Equality is the belief that people are entitled to equal treatment under the law. Lastly, the principle of self-government states that the people are the fundamental source of governing authority. One of the three rules of American Politics is that voters are more likely to vote for politicians who act, look, and sound like textbook Republicans. The average voter is middle-aged, white, and has high level education. Another rule of American Politics is that voters prefer politicians who vote along the democratic way of …show more content…
The Articles weaknesses began when they set up a legislative body where each state had one vote, the central government had no court system or national executive. This left 13 states with no separation of power to collect taxes, regulate trade, raise an army, or the power to create a universal money. This led to poor foreign relations and a loose government. These are the main reasons that Articles needed to be replaced with a new Constitution. Enumerated Powers were powers that formed a government that was united, had a strong economy, and was able to defend itself. These powers allowed Congress to create a national currency, regulate commerce, establish defense, declare war, borrow money, and the power to tax. This took away the ability of the States to form their own armies, declare war, print money, enter into treaties or deals with other states without approval from Congress. Implied Powers which are not stated in the constitution, but are implied through the "necessary and proper" clause in Article I, Section 8. Powers that were for the States and the People were: • ownership of …show more content…
The focus was never about what was ideal for the people, the focus was about results. Federal issues shifted toward the central government. The adoption of the 10th Amendment to the Bill of Rights and proposal of a National Bank in 1791. In 1819, the central government was granted powers over commerce and taxes. Years later in 1833, the Bill of Rights protected the people from the national government. This ended with Civil War in 1865. Duel federalism and laissez-faire capitalism proceeded when the Civil War ended. The power shifted from the States to the national government. The 13th Amendment abolished Slavery in 1865, the 14th Amendment gave the federal courts power to enforce civil rights in 1868, and the 15th Amendment regulated voting with no regard to race in 1870. In 1913 the Supreme Court declared tax unconstitutional. In 1937 the Supreme Court adopted the Commerce Clause which gave Congress power to regulate anything that may effected on foreign or interstate
In an effort to limit the power of the national government, Congress created one without enough power to govern effectively, which led to serious national and international problems. One of the main weaknesses under the Articles of Confederation was its incapability to regulate trade and levy taxes. The states controlled all of their “cash flows.” Sometimes, the states were in debt because of tariff wars that they would engage in with one another.
Although there were some strengths, weaknesses were more prominent in the outcome of the Articles of Confederation. One of the main weaknesses was there was no enforcement of laws, or really enforcement in general. There was no president to help run the country, so there
The United States Constitution and the Articles have several ever present difference that some considered to be too radical. In terms of levying taxes, the Articles Congress could request states to pay taxes while with the Constitution; the Congress has the right to levy taxes on individuals. The Articles government had no court system while the Constitution created a court system to deal with issues between citizens and states. The lack of provisions to regulate interstate trade the Articles possessed created large economic problems, leading into a depression in the mid 1780's. The Constitutional Congress has the right to regulate trade between states. The Constitution has a strong executive branch headed by our president who chooses cabinet and has checks on power of the other two branches; the Articles had no executive with power. The president merely presided over Congress. The Articles took almost 5 years to ratify due to the fact that 13/13 colonies needed to amend the Articles before it could go into affect, with the Constitution, 2/3 of both houses of Congress plus ¾ of the states legislatures or national convention had to approve. During the years under the Articles, foreign soldiers occupied US forts during our early years, we were unable to force them out due to the fact that Congress could not draft troops, and they depended on the states to contribute to the forces. Under the Constitution we have the ability to raise an army to deal with any sort of military situations. In terms of passing laws, under the Articles 9/13 states needed to approve legislation while under the Constitution, 50% plus 1 of both houses plus the signature of the president is needed to pass a law. The Articles had a huge problem when it came to state representation. Under the Articles every state only received one vote, regardless of its size, this hindered the power of the larger states. With the Constitution, the upper house (Senate) has 2 votes and the lower house (House of Representatives) is based on population. When two states had disputes the Articles had a complicated system of arbitration to go through before any resolution was reached, under the Constitution, the federal Court system handles disputes between states.
The Federalists argued that the United States needed a strong central government in order to stand a chance against foreign powers, amongst other reasons that were all beneficial In 1791, the first 10 amendments, which became known as the Bill of Rights, were ratified. These amendments included many of the same rights that the Anti-Federalists had argued for, including freedom of speech, press and religion, and the right to bear arms. Both sides had well thought out arguments as to why a Bill of Rights was needed or not needed in the Constitution. Eventually, they came to a compromise and added the Bill of Rights as the first ten amendments.
It was the Spring of 1861 when the United States ceded, creating two countries, the U.S. and the new confederate U.S. Tensions were high as both sides refused to give in to the other because of different views on protective tariffs and the use of slaves. Both felt they could not trust the other, so if they couldn't compromise on one, they weren't going to compromise on any. Our Constitution was created in order to solve problems and set a standard for all laws. However, in the 1800's disputes between the North and South arose regarding the Constitution. The inability to compromise in the U.S. led to the American Civil War.
The enumerated power are powers that only belonged to the federal government. The first power of enumerated power is coin money, for example, the power to tax and to spend the money raised by taxes.
The Constitution that was created had a strong central government and weaker state governments. Under the Constitution, Congress was given the power to levy taxes, regulate trade between the states, raise an army, control interstate commerce, and more. A three-branch government was established in which a judicial branch handled disputes in a federal court system, a President headed an executive branch, and a legislative branch. Conversely, the anti-federalists believed in weak central and strong state governments, as the way it was in The Articles of Confederation and believed in strict adherence to the writings of the constitution.
Liberty can have multiple meanings it depends on who you ask. It is the freedom to and freedom from. Freedom to it is your right to have a personal freedom, to do as you wish. Freedom from is your right to write speak and act freely without fear of threat.
The Articles were ineffective because Congress only had the power to recommend actions to the States. It could not enforce its recommendations or laws. Each State had its own constitution, monetary system, and means to enforce the law. Each State had a stronger commitment to the State laws and to the State's own self interests than to the recommendations of Congress. Regionalism pitted one State against another, which decreased the sense of unity in the country. For example, when Congress recommended an impost, or duty, on imported goods, the State of Rhode Island voted to reject the idea because they felt it was unfair and was against the constitution of the State (Document A). Defending the Articles is tough but not impossible. Even though Shays' Rebellion did not succeed, Congress did get to raise troops which, at the end were not needed (Document G).
The Articles of Confederation has several strengths and weaknesses. First of all, it provided for a loose union in which “each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence”. In addition, it also grants the rights to make treaties with other countries, declare
For a law to be passed the majority vote had to be nine of the states, so not many new laws could be passed. There were also many limits on what the government could do. They could only declare war, but couldn’t force men to join the military.The make treaties, but not enforce its rules. They could hardly enforce any of their own laws. The Articles stated that the government could not declare taxes. Because of this the United States was very in debt after the war. The United States had to rely on tariffs, but only the individual states could collect them. This made it very hard states to trade with countries such as England who refused.Because they were in so much debt the Confederation Congress decided to print money called Continentals. As they started to print more money, it started to lose value. Probably the only good thing that came out of the Articles of Confederation was the help with the land policies. The Articles of Confederation helped create the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. These Ordinances
...It is obvious that the Articles formed an ineffective government which is evident in Document H. It asks the question of whether the Articles should be revised or totally thrown out. The founding fathers felt that it was the best course of action to totally throw out the Articles, although it must be noted that the Articles were the basis for the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. The Articles, without a doubt, formed an unstable government which was destructive of markets, democracy, and life, and was impoverishing Americans. The effects are mostly rooted in the inability to recover from war debts. The strong central government was the only way to protect liberty while still having the ability to impose taxes. The freedom to vote which is exclusively found in liberty, allows Americans to discover a middle-way between order without liberty and liberty without order.
After the Civil War, the USA offered civil rights and laws privileges to African-Americans. The USA government passed an amendment ending slavery in 1865; the Thirteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. Although slavery was outlawed, it did not provide citizenship and equal rights. Therefore, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendment offered
The South saw this amendment as a threat, and was very against it. This issue was settled in 1820 by the Missouri Compromise, which regulated the boundary between slave states and free states. Missouri was entered as a slave state and Maine was determined a free state. After the war of 1812, America was deep in debt. This would cause the first financial crisis in America’s history.
Liberty just means, to be free within your society without any restrictions. But, liberty is actually a paradox. Or we could say that the idea is surrounded by many