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Make(ing) Up Gender
The lights flashed on and off twice indicating that the show was about to begin. The excited audience crowded together into compact rows of folding seats. The bar, located in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, stank of stale Pabst Blue Ribbon beer and cheap whiskey. The walls were covered with decapitated and mutilated mannequins with messages like “Fuck Gender. Just Fuck PEOPLE!” written in permanent marker. As an alluring song began to play the performer took the stage; his dark green army uniform was perfectly contoured around his muscular form, a large bulge in his pants was plainly visible, and his mustache was thick and black. He sat on a lone chair and unbuttoned his shirt to reveal a white tank top then reached down to unbutton his pants while pelvic thrusting to the rhythm of the music. He then stood and turned around to slip off his tank top to flex and showcase his well-defined back muscles. The performer pulled his/her pants to the floor (and a pair of bundled socks) to reveal a sparkling pink thong, turned around, and revealed a voluptuous décolletage equipped with nipple tassels that she/he made dance in clockwise motion. She ripped the mustache off her face, straddled the chair, and tempted the crowd as she removed her wig flipping her long brown hair onto her shoulders in one motion. Within two minutes the performer had evoked a sexual response from almost everyone in the room, regardless of their sexual orientation, while undergoing a dramatic metamorphosis from first performing and being perceived as male then to female.
In Judith Butler’s “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory” gender is defined as a fluid identity instituted by bodily gestur...
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...of gender], there would be no gender at all” (Ibid. 522). The feminist declaration that the personal is political is even more significant in this era where the individual is seemingly powerless in the face of oligarchical controlled governments and inhumane patriarchal political structures. Even though gender in isolation may be meaningless, the construction of gender and experience of gender is universal and is important for its potential expansion unite people to protect or revolt against political frameworks and social norms that rule the world today.
Works Cited
Beautiful Boxer. Dir. Ekachai Uekrongtham. Perf. Asanee Suwan, Sorapong Chatree. GMM Pictures, 2003.
Butler, Judith. "Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory." Theatre Journal 40.4 (1988): 519-31. Print.
Butler, Judith. "Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory." Theatre Journal 40.4 (1988): 519-31. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Web. 11 May 2011.
It is hard to imagine drag not consisting of a type of stage activity and of being a part of a theatrical performance. Contreras also points in Ester Newton’s book, Mother Camp: Female Impersonators in America. In framing drag’s importance to queer theory, it is also important to consider drag practice also a particular expression of racial identify (Contreras, 2005). In this book, Contreras explains that drag´s relationship to sexual and racial identities are discussed in a context in which relatively is visible academic work about drag, such as Marjorie Garber’s books Vested Interest: Cross Dressing and Cultural Anxiety where she elides these
Imagine going through life believing that you were born into the wrong body. This is how a transgender feels as they go through life. A transgender is a person who whose self-identity does not conform unambiguously to male or female sex. This topic is very controversial due to many arguments about the differences between the male and female physique. The natural biological differences between males and a females play a huge role in this controversy. These difference become serious issues when athletes want to compete for their non-biological sex. Michelle Castillo, a freelance writer and editor, believes that once a transgender athlete completes at least one year of hormone therapy, then the athletes should be eligible to compete with the sex of their choice.
In “Gender as a Social Structure: Theory Wrestling with Activism”, the author Barbara Risman explains her theory to readers about how gender should be thought of as a social structure. Thinking of it as such would allow people to examine how gender is ingrained in almost every part of society, thus putting gender on an equal level of importance with economics and politics. In society, gender dictates many of the opportunities and limitations that an individual may face in his or her lifetime. Barbara Risman points out the three aspects of the gender structure that happen at an individual, interactional, and institutional level (Risman, pg. 446). First, gender contributes to how a person will develop themselves in life. This is the “individual level”. At an interactional level, men and women face different expectations that are set by society. The individual and interactional level are linked because sometimes, changes to one level can affect the other. The third level, the institutional level, notes that gender is affected by laws, rules, and organizational practices that dictate what
Butler, Judith. "Gender is Burning: Questions of Appropriation and Subversion." Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex. New York: Routledge, 1993. 121-140.
Butler, Judith. Ed. Case, Sue-Ellen. "Performative Acts and Gender Constitution." Performing Feminisms: Feminist Critical Theory and Theatre. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990.
Lorber uses a very effective example of “doing gender” of a man who carried a female child in a stroller dressing the child in boyish clothes. The man was stared at and people around him found it really shocking that he was performing the role of a woman (because g...
Gender is a performance according to Judith Butler . All bodies, she claims, are gendered from birth; sometimes even earlier now we can determine sex in the womb . For Butler society dictates ones gender and the individual reinforces that gender through performance . “The deeds make the doer” in Butler’s words; there is no subject prior to performance. Butler’s concept of gender, however, leads us to question: what of those who are incapable of performing the gender ascribed to them? If one is unable to perform are they left genderless, lacking subjectivity and social identity? If no human is without gender , as Butler claims, then where does this leave her theory? Either gender is more than simply performance or one can exist without gender.
Sinfield, Alan. Out on Stage: Lesbian and Gay Theatre in the Twentieth Century, New Heaven & London: Yale University Press, 1999.
...action with others… especially men. This supplies final substantiation of the authors' argument, that women continue to be oppressed by their male-dominated societies. It is a bold undertaking for women to ally and promote a world movement to abandon sexist traditions. Although I have never lived in a third world or non-Westernized country, I have studied the conditions women suffer as "inferior" to men. In National Geographic and various courses I have taken, these terrible conditions are depicted in full color. Gender inequality is a terrible trait of our global society, and unfortunately, a trait that might not be ready to change. In America we see gender bias towards women in voters' unwillingness to elect more females into high office, and while this is not nearly as severe as the rest of the world, it indicates the lingering practice of gender inequality.
Austin ([1962] 1975), Felman (2003) and Sedgwick (1993) (as cited in Gerdes 2014, p. 148) suggest that expressions such as “shame on you” ‘accomplish the action that it also announces’, where by saying it, a person confers shame and embarrassment upon another group or individual. Performative inspires actions and has the power to produce a series of effect that can compel further collective recognition of the performative itself and its viability. Performativity, therefore, can account for the construction and reconstruction of gender. Gender is performative, in other words, one’s gender is real only if it is acted out continually (Butler 1993, p.12). People perform their gender according to the social and cultural norms and/or their inner masculinity and femininity. A person becomes gendered by doing and acting gender. Their gender is not given or inherent. It is built and acquired over time through the way they perceive, communicate, behave or generally represent themselves. They consolidate their so-called gender by enacting it with their body as they
Judith Butlers book entitled ‘Bodies that Matter’ examines and questions the belief that certain male-female behaviors are natural within our society. The behaviors that Dr. Butler has distinguished between in this book are femininity and masculinity. She believes that through our learned perception of these gendered behaviors this is an act or performance. She implies that this is brought to us by normative heterosexuality depicted in our timeline. In which, takes on the role of our language and accustomed normalization of society. Butler offers many ideas to prove some of her more radical idea’s such as examples from other philosophers, performativity, and worldwide examples on gender/sex. Some philosophers that seem to be of relevance to her fighting cause are Michel Foucault, Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and George Herbert Mead. Her use of the doctrine of constitution takes ‘the social agent as an object rather than the subject of constitutive acts” (Performative). In other words, Dr. Butler will question the extent to which we as a human race assume the given individualism between one another. She has said that “this will constitute him-or herself” (Butler 13). She also wonders to what extent our acts are reputable for us, rather, by our place within dialect and convention. Dr. Butlers followings being of a postmodernist and poststructuralist practice, decides to use the term “subject” rather than “individual” or “person” in order to underline the linguistic nature of her position. This approach should be of credit to philosopher Jacques Lacan because symbolic order gives the system and signs of convention that determines our perception of what we see as reality.
Feminism is a perspective that views gender as one of the most important bases of the structure and organization of the social world. Feminists argue that in most known societies this structure has granted women lower status and value, more limited access to valuable resources, and less autonomy and opportunity to make choices over their lives than it has granted men. (Sapiro 441)
In just a few decades The Women’s Liberation Movement has changed typical gender roles that once were never challenged or questioned. As women, those of us who identified as feminist have rebelled against the status quo and redefined what it means to be a strong and powerful woman. But at...
Throughout history, women have remained subordinate to men. Subjected to the patriarchal system that favored male perspectives, women struggled against having considerably less freedom, rights, and having the burdens society placed on them that had so ingrained the culture. This is the standpoint the feminists took, and for almost 160 years they have been challenging the “unjust distribution of power in all human relations” starting with the struggle for equality between men and women, and linking that to “struggles for social, racial, political, environmental, and economic justice”(Besel 530 and 531). Feminism, as a complex movement with many different branches, has and will continue to be incredibly influential in changing lives. Feminist political ideology focuses on understanding and changing political philosophies for the betterment of women.