Investigation 20 used spectroscopy along with stoichiometry to determine how much of cobalt was present in a soil sample. The real world application of spectroscopy is endless but one particular scene where spectroscopy is crucial is its application to law enforcement and forensic investigation. While the type of spectroscopy used is different than that used in the laboratory investigation the same basic principles apply. Spectroscopy in its different forms is used to catch the degenerates and is one science that works to make society a better place.
One type of spectroscopy that is particularly useful in forensics is Raman Spectroscopy which applies spectroscopy to the study of ink on paper. The process involves irradiating a document with monochromatic light (light of one particular wavelength) using lasers and observing the scattering, absorption, intensity, and overall interaction of the light with the ink. From this forensic investigators can determine the type of ink from its chemical composition and determine the manufacture (Braz 1.1). The
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application of Raman Spectroscopy is particularly useful to forensics in any case where a document might be in question such as a suicide note, threat letter, and identity documents to name a few. The process can determine not only what type of ink was used but can also identify if something was added or removed from a document and if multiple sources of ink were used. Another type of spectroscopy that is useful in the modern field of forensics is called Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, or LIPS.
This process is used in forensics because it is so precise, fast, and reliable. The process includes creating a high-temperature plasma induced by a laser, which allows the user to remove a small amount of mass from the subject, known as laser ablation. This ablated mass is then further manipulated to form a high energy plasma containing free electrons and energized ions. Once the laser is turned off, the plasma will begin cooling, which will let the ions return to their natural state. When this happens, they will give off a certain spectra that will allow the user to be able to tell what exactly was in the species they experimented on (appliedspectra.com). This could be useful in determining such substances like what glass is composed of or what type of glass was
found. Mass spectrometry is another important type of spectroscopy that could be very helpful in the field of forensic analysis. The process allows forensic technicians to rapidly identify drug identification and quantitation in a timely manner. The process starts by vaporizing a sample and separate it by the chromatograph component of an instrument. Upon entrance to the mass spectrometer, the sample molecules are swamped with a high energy beam of electrons. After this step ions are formed and some fragmentation of molecules occurs, and moreover the ions and fragments are stored according to their mass to charge ratio. The separation is achieved by using magnetic fields and by changing the strength of the magnetic field, the analyzer will be able to select which analyzer to be allowed to pass through. Following the separation, the ions are then detected and the mass spectrum is generated
Compress the safety bulb, hold it firmly against the end of the pipette. Then release the bulb and allow it to draw the liquid into the pipette.
Forensic Science Introduction: Someone in a restaurant has suddenly fallen ill and a mystery powder has been discovered with the victim. As the chief investigator, your duty is to identify the mystery substance through a lab. In this lab, it will consist of five known compounds and one unknown compound. Your job is to distinguish which one out of the five substances is the mystery powder. To figure out the mystery matter you will have to compare their physical and chemical properties and match them with the appropriate compound.
Investigators can find clues from a murder through a number of different ways. Typically they find out how many times someone has been stabbed or however many blows they received. Through the count of the times the action had been performed they can come to an understanding of whatever hand the suspect was using. Other information can tell how the suspect was standing over their victim during the time of death. A common tool that forensic units use is the ultra violet or UV light. An ultra violet light can detect different areas that contain blood that might not be able to be seen in other conditions. Another common tool is the blood reagent test that forensics use on scene. These tests determine if the blood is human or animal. (Renee Blake)
James, Stuart H., and Jon J. Nordby. "Fingerprints." Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 2005. 341-60. Google Books. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.
According to the graph on amylase activity at various enzyme concentration (graph 1), the increase of enzyme dilution results in a slower decrease of amylose percentage. Looking at the graph, the amylose percentage decreases at a fast rate with the undiluted enzyme. However, the enzyme dilution with a concentration of 1:3 decreased at a slow rate over time. Additionally, the higher the enzyme dilution, the higher the amylose percentage. For example, in the graph it can be seen that the enzyme dilution with a 1:9 concentration increased over time. However, there is a drastic increase after four minutes, but this is most likely a result of the error that was encountered during the experiment. The undiluted enzyme and the enzyme dilution had a low amylose percentage because there was high enzyme activity. Also, there was an increase in amylose percentage with the enzyme dilution with a 1: 9 concentrations because there was low enzyme activity.
A balanced chemical equation has reactants and product that has to represent a formulae. The amount of each element, number needs to be the same on either side of the equation. (E.g., HCl(aq)+NaHCO3(s) reacts to produce NaCl(aq)+H2O(I)+CO2(g)). This helps us view the study of the Law of Conservation of Mass, and how it works in this equation.
Crime scenes are known to have many clues left behind. The obvious would be a the body or bodies, clothing, and sometimes even the murder weapon. While these are great way to solve a case there's another kind of evidence; trace evidence. Trace evidence are small pieces of evidence that are laying around a crime scene. There are many types of trace evidence some of them include metal filings, plastic fragments, gunshot residue, glass fragments, feathers, food stains, building materials, lubricants, fingernail scrapings, pollens and spores, cosmetics, chemicals, paper fibers and sawdust, human and animal hairs, plant and vegetable fibers, blood and other body fluids, asphalt or tar, vegetable fats and oils, dusts and other airborne particles, insulation, textile fibers, soot, soils and mineral grains, and explosive residues. Although these are the most common found elements, they are not the only ones. The Trace Evidence Unit is known to examine the largest variety of evidence types and used the biggest range of analytical methods of any unit. materials are compared with standards or knowns samples to determine whether or not they share any common characteristics. In this paper I will discuss the different kinds of trace evidence and how crime scene investigaros use it to solve cases and convict criminal.
Forensic toxicology is one of the oldest disciplines in forensic science history and dates back hundreds of years. However, the actual understanding and examination of forensic toxicology only dates back for about 200 years. Due to the development of technology, this discipline has been able to progress and flourish.
To understand this week’s experiment one must first understand what a spectroscope is and what it does. With this understanding in hand, one would gain a deeper appreciation for this lab and its intended lesson. “A spectroscope is a device that measures the spectrum of light” (Ball, 2014). More specifically a spectroscope is an instrument designed to split light from different sources into wavelengths. Humans are able to see these wavelengths as different colors. Noting the difference in colors between various light sources, those studying a given light source can identify elements of the light source.
Chemical kinetics is a branch of chemistry that involves reaction rates and the steps that follow in. It tells you how fast a reaction can happen and the steps it takes to make complete the reaction (2). An application of chemical kinetics in everyday life is the mechanics of popcorn. The rate it pops depends on how much water is in a kernel. The more water it has the quicker the steam heats up and causes a reaction- the popping of the kernel (3). Catalysts, temperature, and concentration can cause variations in kinetics (4).
Forensic Science, recognized as Forensics, is the solicitation of science to law to understand evidences for crime investigation. Forensic scientists are investigators that collect evidences at the crime scene and analyse it uses technology to reveal scientific evidence in a range of fields. Physical evidence are included things that can be seen, whether with the naked eye or through the use of magnification or other analytical tools. Some of this evidence is categorized as impression evidence2.In this report I’ll determine the areas of forensic science that are relevant to particular investigation and setting out in what method the forensic science procedures I have recognized that would be useful for the particular crime scene.
White, P 1992, Crime scene to court: the essentials of forensic science, Royal Society of Chemistry, London, p. 20-33.
investigators take from the crime scene. With scientific methods it helps investigators to produce a
The examiners will also initially identify the class characteristics of the ammunition to figure out what caliber and shot pattern is dispersed by the firearm. That will then lead to examining the projectile and cartridge evidence by firing into a special water tank and cross examining the new standards to the crime scene standards. These standards are viewed side by side under a powerful macroscope to compare the unique markings to make a match. Gunpowder and primer residues can be tested from a suspects hand to determine if a firearm was recently used. Firearms identification can be a very complex scientific process that can be the key to solving a major crime for law enforcement.
The earliest practices for examining physical evidence in crime laboratories depended merely on the microscope to study the structure and composition of matter. In the early 1950s, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was developed and it added a new element to forensic science, which was previously unattainable within the restrictions of the ordinary light microscope. All other traditional microscopes use light coming off the specimen to produce a magnified image (Saferstein, 2011). The SEM is a special microscope in the sense that it uses electrons instead of light to produce an image. This type of microscope has allowed forensic scientists to examine a much larger variety of specimens (Scanning Electron Microscope, n.d.).