4.8. Statistical analysis
The collected data groundwork and data analysis are the two segments in the statistical analysis. These two parts are presented in the following sub sections.
4.8.1. Data groundwork
The responses gathered through the research instrument were entered numerically into SPSS 16 software. All the key variables were identified as scale measures in SPSS as the five point Likert scale used in the research instrument. All the cases were screened for missing values and ensure the completeness of the data. For negative questions in the questionnaire, recoded command was applied in SPSS to turn into positive way. Subsequently, data was arranged for the statistical analysis that discuss in coming sections.
4.8.2. Data analysis techniques
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The univariate measures of mean, standard deviation are used primarily to understand the nature of the distribution of the variables. In the second stage, correlation analysis is applied to assess the association between the variables. Finally, for the purpose of assessing the research hypotheses and conceptual model, structural equation modeling is used as the multivariate analysis. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient is calculated to ensure the internal consistency and composite reliability. Two step approaches are considered to complete the data analyses (Anderson & Gerbing, 1988). Confirmatory Factor Analysis is used to estimate the measurement model as the first step. The purpose of the analysis is to ensure the reliability and validity of the concerned constructs in the study. Structural model consisting hypotheses is tested using the structural equation modeling as the second step. The purpose of this testing is to test the hypotheses involved in the conceptual
Evaluate the appropriateness and thoroughness of the data analysis procedures, and clarity of the results presentation. Do not become overly concerned about technical statistical aspects of the analysis.
The authors of this article have outlined the purpose, aims, and objectives of the study. It also provides the methods used which is quantitative approach to collect the data, the results, conclusion of the study. It is important that the author should present the essential components of the study in the abstract because the abstract may be the only section that is read by readers to decide if the study is useful or not or to continue reading (Coughlan, Cronin, and Ryan, 2007; Ingham-Broomfield, 2008 p.104; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380).
This paper addresses a currently relevant topic of detection of associations of copy number polymorphism with traits and will be of interest to readers of Genetics Research.
With SPSS, one was able to determine which variables got attached to which existing factors and created a strong association between them. This assisted in finding out why certain variables are drawn towards one factor over another (Field, 2013). The data was easy to manage using the SPSS, the results were easily displayed, analyzed and cross-references (Costa & McCrae, 1995).
The objective of the study is to answer the research questions rather than tests or formulate hypothesis. The measurements will be in terms of transcripts from interview and the theory was not inclusive, therefore this will allow the analysis to be extracted from the themes of evidence collected via interviews to be presented as consistent. Therefore explaining why qualitative research methodology was chosen.
The process of data collection consisted of four stages. First, to gather data about An...
The clarity and applicability of the study findings rely heavily on a researcher’s ability to effectively identify, code and categorize themes and patterns unearthed in the data acquired. As a result, it is of the utmost importance to ensure that a researcher’s analytical skills be strong. Researchers must document and report all analytic processes wholly and honestly so that the findings can be evaluated for credibility or replicated in the future by other scholars. In order to analyze the vast amount of qualitative data generated from the interviews, grounded theory will be employed to analyze the textual data. According to Bhattacharjee (2012), grounded theory is “an inductive technique of interpreting recorded data about a social phenomenon to build
The nature of research instruments, the sampling plan and the type of data the research design constitutes the blueprint for the collection, the measurement and analysis of data. It aids the researcher in the allocation of his limited resources by posing crucial choices.
Statistics is something that comes up in everyday life a lot more often than some people might realize and being able to recognize statistical information as well as knowing how to use it properly can be extremely useful to you. You use it for small things, such as checking what the weather is supposed to be like throughout the week, but it can also be used for far more important situations like in medical circumstances where you are presented with chances of survival or sometimes determining the best course of action to take in order to ensure the safety of others. We all see things like graphs, scatterplots, and other similar types of presentations everywhere when shown any kind of information, from determining your chances of getting into
The SPSS software 18.0 has been used for data input and analysis. Every answer in the questionnaire has been computed.
Data analysis is the process of bringing order, structure and meaning to the mass of collected data. It is described as messy, ambiguous, time-consuming, creative, and fascinating process but does not proceed in a linear fashion (Marshall and Rossman 1989, p. 112).
All 12 items given in the questionnaire were selected for factor analysis by using principle component extraction with an orthogonal (Varimax) rotation. The number of factors is unconstrained. For the sake of convergent validity, 0.50 was used as a factor loading cut-off
Hence, when it finished, this study creates the structural model. Fifth, developing structural model is a stage which converts the measurement model into the structural model. There are two ways to draw the structural model, including draw full model with all measurement items and parcel items or composite items (Byrne, 2010). This study uses the parcel’s items method to create the structural model. Last but not least, the structural model validity assessment uses the same criteria with the measurement model validity assessment. Further, this assessment will continue with the hypotheses testing and see the regression weight of the construct’s relationships. However, when the structural model is not fit, there are some ways to improve the model such as using the modification indices and standardised residuals of variance which should be less than 2.58 (Byrne,
This study employs survey technique as a tool to conduct a quantitative study. In developing questionnaire I got help from my supervisor and literature review especially Kittipong (2005) and Donald Clark (2010). Self-administered questionnaire was developed and sent to selected sample via email and by hand with respect to approach and convenience. The questionnaire was divided into thre...
Section 2 classified in 5-point scale ranging from very dissatisfied (1) to very satisfied (5). And section 3 contained eight items taken from OSD objectives. This article consists of validity of how well the method being used to represent all the components of the variable being measured (Brink et al. 2013:160). Research validity of this article refers to how well an instrument as what measures it is Intended to measure. While, in the reliability of this article has three methods which are referred to the literature: stability, equivalence and internal consistency. Basically, the principles of validity and reliability in this article, are the fundamental cornerstones of the scientific