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Language acquisition nature
English as universal language
Stages of child language acquisition
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I. Discuss the “stages of language acquisition” proposed by Stephen Krashen. Using the article, “Classroom Instruction That Works with English Language Learners” discuss how using our knowledge of these stages provides a framework for ESOL classroom strategies.
In fact, most of the kids are going through several stages, in their lives. To learn how to speak .And pronunciation of speech. Most of the words or all of it are quoted from the vocabulary of parents, and simulation and imitation from them. “The stages of acquiring their first language from babbling to one Word utterances, two word phrases, full sentences, and eventually, complex grammar” (petkova, Kersaint, & Thompson, 2009).
The language acquisition is most likely to kids learning it’s going through process to get high level of language skills. The will acquire a new language structures only when (s) he is cognitively and psychologically ready to do so (petkova, Kersaint, & Thompson, 2009) When the learner has a goal to desire they put up the effort and the time to improve them self, beside the rich classroom and educate teacher to put them in the right place hand by hand.
For the students who learning a second language, are moving through the stage of acquisition language as Stephen Krashen and Tracy Terrell, they the first discover the stages of language acquisition for a second language (Hill & Flynn, 2006).In this point I will discuss the different stages of language acquisition and how we use our knowledge in each stage, and why they are different. All the learners are going through the same stages of language acquisition. However, the time each learner spends at a particular stage may vary greatly form learner to other. The stages are ordered from the low level to...
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...e goal of language acquisition. By allowing them to application in the lesson and active participation in the framework of the Group, OR individual effort and all this needs time in order to take advantage of using their English productively.
Give ELLs opportunities to notice their errors and to correct in English.
There is different ways to make learner correct his English. Like to provide him the correct form. And this the easier way. Also, to make learner you not understand him, and ask him to repeat it again. Moreover, make the learner repeat the correct form. Sometime the teacher doesn’t have to correct each word to the learner. The learner by himself will listen and know the right form by sounds of words and the right grimmer. If the learner still uses the wrong form, so the teacher here has to does something to correct utterance to him suit the satiation.
...e into consideration the characteristics of young English language learners and their language development, the learning conditions that are most effective for these learners, and the kinds of instruction that best meet their needs.
The idea of a critical period for language acquisition, first introduced by linguist Eric Lenneberg in 1967, is a popular debate amongst many people. In his initial discovery of the “critical period hypothesis,” Lenneberg stated: “there are maturational constraints on the time a first language can be acquired. First language acquisition relies on neuroplasticity. If language acquisition does not occur by puberty, some aspects of language can be learnt but full mastery cannot be achieved.” Lenneberg also stressed that in the case of bilingual individuals, the critical period is broken into phases. These individuals must learn their first language in Phase one which ends at age seven and their second language in Phase two which ends at the beginning of puberty. This hypothesis has never been proven accurate due to various conditions that both support and disprove its claim.
The main idea behind starting the second language learning process at a young age came after watching a high school class Spanish course. The kids were distracted and withdrawn. They weren’t interested in being at school much less learning a second language. There was a small population of dedicated students that excelled in school but still found it difficult to grasp the basic concept of learning this second ...
8) A concept of 'critical period' for language acquisition, Its implication for adult language learning by Katsumi Nagai.
Children go through a number of different stages as language develops. According to Craig and Dunn, (2010), “Even before birth, it appears that infants are prepared to respond to and learn language” (p. 112). Children develop these skills quickly with nature and nurture influences. Researchers have proposed several different theories to explain how and why language development occurs. This paper is an overview of the process of early childhood language development with research evidence supporting the information stated.
The aim of this essay is to explore language acquisition and compare and contrast different theories of language acquisition and language development. Language in its most basic form is used to communicate our needs and wants. It encompasses a range of modes of delivery including signing, spoken and written words, posture, eye contact, facial expressions and gestures. So how do we learn ‘language’? Are we born with the skills for communication, or is it something that we have to learn or have taught to us? Four theories are looked at in this essay to determine how children acquire and then develop language. These theories include behaviourist, nativist, cognitivist and sociocultural. This essay will highlight some similarities and differences in each theory and what impact these have on a child’s acquisition and development of language. Lastly we will look at the implications of these theories when working with children. Can a classroom teacher deliver a quality literacy program based on just one of these theories or does it need to incorporate components of all four? Sims, (2012) pp. 21 states ‘’High-quality learning experiences in the early years of life enhance children’s cognitive and language skills’’. This places a great responsibility on educators and teachers alike to provide an environment which is rich in learning opportunities that will encourage both the acquisition and development of language.
The ultimate goal in many classrooms is to communicate in meaningful and appropriate ways (Slavit 1998). In the United States, American students get the opportunity to learn a second language in high school, yet it has been proven that children learn better when they are young. Some schools are taking this opportunity to teach a foreign language to elementary students.
There are three main theories of child language acquisition; Cognitive Theory, Imitation and Positive Reinforcement, and Innateness of Certain Linguistic Features (Linguistics 201). All three theories offer a substantial amount of proof and experiments, but none of them have been proven entirely correct. The search for how children acquire their native language in such a short period of time has been studied for many centuries. In a changing world, it is difficult to pinpoint any definite specifics of language because of the diversity and modification throughout thousands of millions of years.
Krashen’s Hypotheses of Second Language Acquisition. For decades, foreign language teachers have wandered into a scientific abyss. Until 1983, there had been little real research dealing with the ways in which someone acquires a second language. Teachers mostly used the audiolingual classroom model that had been in place for the past twenty years (or, even worse, the literally ancient grammatical translation model that had been used by civilizations millennia old).
What is language? Language is a set of arbitrary symbols that enables every individual in the community to communicate and interact. These symbols contain acceptable meanings by the society and culture. Possessing a language is essential in all human; every normal human speaks but nonhuman does not. Acquisition, on the other hand, means learning or getting. Therefore, language acquisition basically means the learning or the gaining of a language. Language acquisition is normally viewed as a part of cognitive science. Many psychologists like Pavlov, Skinner, Jean Piaget, Vygotsky and Chomsky had done researches on this particular field. Language acquisition is an interesting subject to study and discuss on. Every normal child acquires his or first language – usually the mother tongue successfully in their first few years. The matter that most psychologists concern on is the critical age in first language acquisition. Is there a limit in the aspect of age for first language acquisition? Is it true that once a child passes the critical age, he will not be able to learn a language properly?
Language is a set of arbitrary symbols which used for communication. Children will be taught or learn their first language from birth. Sometimes the term native language and the term mother tongue are used to indicate the term first language. Possessing a language is the quintessentially human trait: all normal humans speak, no nonhuman animal does.(Pinker, 2005) Nonetheless, learning a first language is something every child does successfully, in a matter of a few years and without the need for formal lessons. Children may show individual differences in the acquisition of their first language, but the stages they experience in the first language acquisition are similar and at a surprisingly similar rate from child to child. Many researchers have hypothesized that young children are predisposed to the acquisition of language (Chomsky, 1959; Lenneberg, 1967; Newport,1990) and further that this disposition is unique to childhood. (Grimshaw, 1998; Adelstein, 1998; MacKinnon, 1998; Bryden, 1998).
Children’s acquisition of language has long been considered one of the uniquely defining characteristics of human behaviour.
Richards, J. C. and Rodgers, T. S., (2001). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Second Edition. UK: CUP.
Here in this essay I will present the different stages of the first language acquisition with young learner, there are too many theories explain how the infants can not only understand the language but also speak it later on.
Approaches to teaching English language for foreign speakers have undergone drastic changes through the last fifty years. There has been a transition from traditional methods such as grammar translation method to audio-lingual and more recently to communicative approach and eclectic method. In modern approaches to teaching English as a second language (ESL) the emphasis is on cooperation and collaboration of language learners through the process of language acquisition. Language materials are designed in a way to facilitate and encourage active participation of the learners and in fact they call for cooperation and collaboration between teachers and students. This new approach demands the teachers to adopt new strategies which are more collaborative in nature. Therefore, the traditional practice of learning to teach in isolation may no longer serve as the best vehicle for providing an effective environment in which all participants of the activity can engage in productive practices.