Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Racism in Sport
Racism in Sport
A conclusion on gender inequality in sports
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Racism in Sport
Since the beginning of time, people have been unjustly treated with prejudice. This is discrimination, and it has been a major issue in our world. Not only does discrimination occur in the workplace, schools, and religion, it also has been an issue in professional sports. Although there are still many examples of discrimination in sports, there have been improvements in the areas of racial, gender, and sexual orientation discrimination.
To begin with, for nearly 200 years in the United States, the nation was afflicted with slavery. In 1865, slavery was at an end, but professional sports were on the rise, and racism was a severe problem. As of 1946, there were no African-American athletes in Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, or in the National Football League; until Jackie Robinson, that is. The 29-year-old African-American from Cairo, Georgia, became the first ever black professional Major League baseball player. From the time that Jackie Robinson stepped on a baseball diamond for the first time, to 30 years later, in the 1980’s, percentages of black players in the MLB skyrocketed. In the 1987 season, 28 percent of the players in the Major leagues, were African-American (Kahn). In addition to being one of the most important figures in MLB history, Jackie excelled in almost every sports in college, lettering in 4 of them (Salem Press 2336). Jackie Robinson may be the most influential character in the history of sports, changing the landscape of racism forever. Another dramatic change that occurred along the lines of racism in sports, was in the National Basketball Association, also called the NBA. In the 1940’s there were zero black players in the NBA, but by the 1980’s 74 percent of pro basketball players...
... middle of paper ...
...er big reason it is growing so quickly is because discrimination is being diminished. Everyone can play, watch, and support, without feeling left out, and equality has become a must in all sports around the world. Donald Sterling, the owner of the NBA team, the Los Angeles Clippers, has recently been banned for life by league commissioner, Adam Silver, after making racist remarks. In the 1950’s, most people would have blown it off and not even cared, but now, there is no place for people like that in sports because league commissioners, players, and the fans will generally not tolerate such behavior. Discrimination in sports is a less frequent occurrence in the modern day, but unfortunately it does still happen; with that said many improvements have been made to end racial, gender, and sexual orientation discrimination in professional athletics in the modern era.
America’s pastime has been complicated in the last couple centuries, and integration has been a big key in the game of baseball. Like most of America in the 1940’s, baseball was segregated, with whites playing in the Major League system and African-Americans playing in the Negro Leagues. There were many factors that made whites and blacks come together, including World War II. Integration caused many downs in the time period, but as baseball grew and grew it was one of the greatest accomplishments in the history. It was hard to find the right black man to start this, they needed a man with baseball abilities and a man who didn’t need to fight back.
Breaking the Racial Barrier in Baseball Although Jackie Robinson was not the best African-American baseball player of his time, his attitude and ability to handle racist harassment led the way for the rest of his race to play Major League Baseball, amongst other sports. Being accepted into professional sports also helped African-Americans become more easily accepted into other aspects of life. Jackie's impact in the world for the black population is enormous. According to Jessie Jackson, "A champion wins a World Series or an Olympic event and is hoisted on the shoulders of the fans.
As an African-American during the late 1800s to 1960, the Negro Leagues was the only chance at being a part of professional baseball until Branch Rickey, an owner of professional baseball teams, put his ‘great experiment’ into motion with the aid of Jackie Robinson who became the first African-American to break the color barrier in 1947. Some coaches, who wanted African-Americans on their teams in order to increase their chances of winning games, would take part in a process called barnstorming. Barnstorming is when a team would hire an African-American but label that player as either Hispanic or Native American in order for them to play because at the time, African-American were not allowed to play on professional white baseball teams (The Library of Congress). Two contrasting economic sides leading to the desegregation of baseball include at the time when team members knew that if baseball were to integrate, the Negro Leagues would disappear as they would lose their best players to major league teams, which was beneficial to the major league teams whereas the other side was that if black players were integrated into white professional teams, white fans would be more reluctant to watch games with black players participating (The Library of Congress). It wasn’t until after Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by putting on the official jersey of the Brooklyn Dodgers, becoming an official member of an integrated professional baseball team, that the relevance of Negro Leagues began to decrease, until they disappeared in 1960 as more teams began to integrate as well.
Jackie Robinson’s ability to successfully integrate his sport set the stage for many others to advocate for an end to segregation in their respective environments. His period of trials and triumphs were significant to changing American perception of the Civil Rights revolution. By becoming the first African-American baseball player to play in the major leagues, he brought down an old misconception that black athletes were inferior to white athletes. Successively, his example would inspire those advocating for their civil rights, he lived out a message of nonviolence similar to the one Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. lived out. Despite the constant prejudice he faced in his sport, he was able to keep himself composed and never retaliate.
In terms of racial inequality in baseball there have been many eras of integration. Baseball originally is seen as America’s national game belonging to the white men of America. However, throughout history there have been steps taken in recognizing and integrating those groups deemed “less favorable” by the American community. These groups include German immigrants, Irish immigrants, African Americans, Latinos, Native Hawaiians, Native Americans, and Asians. America used the game of baseball as a tool to indoctrinate the American ideals and values of teamwork, working hard, and collaborating for the greater good into the cultures of the “uncivilized world.” These groups used baseball as a medium to gain acceptance into the American community as racially equal counterparts.
"Over the decades, African American teams played 445-recorded games against white teams, winning sixty-one percent of them." (Conrads, pg.8) The Negro Leagues were an alternative baseball group for African American baseball player that were denied the right to play with the white baseball payers in the Major League Baseball Association. In 1920, the first African American League was formed, and that paved the way for numerous African American innovation and movements. Fences, and Jackie Robinson: The Biography, raises consciousness about the baseball players that have been overlooked, and the struggle they had to endure simply because of their color.
Historical and sociological research has shown, through much evidence collection and analysis of primary documents that the American sporting industry can give an accurate reflection, to a certain extent, of racial struggles and discrimination into the larger context of American society. To understand this stance, a deep look into aspects of sport beyond simply playing the game must be a primary focus. Since the integration of baseball, followed shortly after by American football, why are the numbers of African American owners, coaches and managers so very low? What accounts for the absence of African American candidates from seeking front office and managerial roles? Is a conscious decision made by established members of each organization or is this matter a deeper reflection on society? Why does a certain image and persona exist amongst many African American athletes? Sports historians often take a look at sports and make a comparison to society. Beginning in the early 1980’s, historians began looking at the integration of baseball and how it preceded the civil rights movement. The common conclusion was that integration in baseball and other sports was indeed a reflection on American society. As African Americans began to play in sports, a short time later, Jim Crow laws and segregation formally came to an end in the south. Does racism and discrimination end with the elimination of Jim Crow and the onset of the civil rights movement and other instances of race awareness and equality? According to many modern sports historians and sociologists, they do not. This paper will focus on the writings of selected historians and sociologists who examine th...
One of the major stands that were made during a black athlete’s tenure during his or her sport were their statements on racism. Racism in America was an ongoing situation in the 1900’s that seemed to have no resolve before black athletes took a stand. One prime example can be Jackie Robinson who became the first African-American athlete to play baseball in the modern era. Jackie grew up in one of the most racist towns in Pasadena, California and came from a poor family as his parents were sharecroppers and...
Miller, Patrick B. Wiggins, David K. Sport and the color line: Black athletes and Race relations in Twentieth-century America. 2004. The Journal of Southern History 70 (4) (Nov 2004): 990.
It has taken many years for women to gain a semblance of equality in sports. Throughout history, women have been both excluded from playing sports and discriminated against in sports. Men’s sports have always dominated the college athletic field, but women were finally given a fighting chance after Title IX was passed. Title IX, among other things, requires scholarships to be equally proportioned between men and women’s sports. Although this was a huge gain for women, gender inequality still exists in sports today. An example of this persisting inequality can be seen when looking at men’s baseball and women’s softball. In college, baseball and softball are both major NCAA sports. It is widely accepted throughout today’s society that baseball is a man’s sport, and softball is a woman’s sport. Very few people question why the two sexes are separated into two different sports, or wonder why women play softball instead of baseball. Fewer people know that women have been essentially excluded from playing baseball for a long time. This paper will focus on why softball has not changed the way women’s basketball has, why women continue to play softball, the possibilities and dynamics of women playing baseball with and without men, and the most discriminating aspect of women being banned from playing professional baseball.
"Many of those who shared the belief in African American biological doom, 'wanted some modification of racial separation to guarantee a greater degree of white control.' Integration of the major leagues effected just this result. It pulled black athletes back into the mainstream…in a way that kept them on the periphery of real power, safely within sight." (Rhoden 122). Integration of African Americans into American sports is widely remembered as an incredible stride made for the black community and equality as a whole. Jackie Robinson, the first black baseball player in the modern era to play in the MLB, is known globally as an African American hero who broke the color barrier of baseball. Major
Dealing with the issue of sport and ethnology, three major factors come to mind; prejudice, racism, and discrimination. These factors span across gender, ethnic, racial, religious, and cultural groups. In the following paragraphs, I will discuss how these factors have played a part in the evolution of sport in our society. The first issue tackled in this paper will be racism in sports, followed by prejudice and discrimination.
In our society, sports are the powerhouses of revenue. The sports industry is a multi billion-dollar industry that has return investments at high rates. A major part of this boom in the sports industry was the allowance of African-Americans to participate in professional sports. They were always a part of the success of these sports in some way, shape or form but were never allowed to participate. According to Wiggins (2014) African slaves were used in the growth the nations first popular spectator sport in horse riding dating back to the late 1700s (p. 182). As history progressed and African-Americans began the long fight for basic civil rights, the ability to participate in professional sports was granted to African-Americans and this revolutionized and changed the game to the ones we know today. Because the opportunity to be an athlete was very limited during the early years of this sport integration period, many black athletes such as Marshal ‘Major’ Taylor went on to other countries to dominate their sports (Wiggins, 2014, p.185). At the turn of the 21st century it became evident that African-Americans were an essential part in the popularity of sports as well as the successes of them. The success of these athletes brought them a platform like none other and players such as Michael Jordan took full advantage of that. The Jordan Brand is one that has thrived solely off the success of arguably the greatest basketball player of all time in Michael Jordan. The effect that this has had on the market, community, and the sports world is astounding. The list of athletes that has taken advantage of this stretches from sport to sport and team to team. African-American athletes
The world has lived through generations of racism and racial profiling. After the days of Martin Luther King Jr. and the Black Civil Rights Movement, the American people thought they had passed the days of hatred and discrimination. Although Americans think that they live in a non-racist society, minorities today still live in the chains of oppression and prejudice through sports, schools, and social media. Jackie Robinson was a prominent figure in American history as he broke the color line, and was the first black athlete to play in a white league. Americans believed this would stop racism in the future and integrate all sports, but racism has planted its roots in sports ever since 1947.
In a society filled with people that strongly believe that sports is an industry that is removed and immune from the ills of the world—racism. Many fans and spectators of sports, such as baseball, basketball, football, and many other sports that include players of different races and ethnicities considers that racism is a thing of the past because of the inclusion and acceptance of all races in different sports. However, the misconception of living in a post-racial (colorblind) world is prevalent. Even though racial discrimination in sports and society in general, are not overt as in the past, racism continues to plague the industry. Regardless of fans and spectators wanting to ignore the racial biases and discrimination in the sports industry,