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Challenges and Achievements of sAdc
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Regional integration is the process by which two or more states agree to cooperate closely together to achieve peace, stability and wealth. Usually, integration involves one or more written agreements that describe the area of cooperation in detail, as well as some coordinating bodies representing the countries involved.
According to its website, it was originally known as the Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference (SADCC). The organization was formed in Lusaka, Zambia on 1 April 1980, following the adoption of the Lusaka Declaration. It was originally formed with the aim of eliminating dependency on apartheid South Africa. The Declaration and Treaty establishing the Southern African Development Community (SADC) which has replaced the Co-ordination Conference was signed at the Summit of Heads of State or Government on 17 August 1992, in Windhoek, Namibia.
Member states of SADC are Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe (SADC).
SADC is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Gaborone, Botswana. Its goal is to further social-economic cooperation and integration as well as political and security cooperation among its member states (SADC). The main objectives of SADC are to achieve development, peace and security, and economic growth, to alleviate poverty, enhance the standard and quality of life of the peoples of Southern Africa, and support the socially disadvantaged through regional integration, built on democratic principles and equitable and sustainable development.
The Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) and the Strategic Indicative Plan for the Organ...
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Mauritius profile. (2014, January 15). BBC News. Retrieved March 26, 2014, from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13882233
Mauritius. (2013, December 13). - African Economic Outlook. Retrieved March 27, 2014, from http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/en/countries/southern-africa/mauritius/
Sobhee, S., & Bhowon, V. (2007). Depeenig intergration in SADC: Mauritius achievement and coming challenges. Regional intergration in South Africa, 8, 1-210.
Southern African Development Community (SADC). (n.d.). Southern African Development Community (SADC). Retrieved March 18, 2014, from http://www.dfa.gov.za/foreign/Multilateral/africa/sadc.htm
Travel & tourism economic impact 2013: Mauritius. (n.d.). The authority on World travel & tourism. Retrieved March 22, 2014, from http://www.wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloads/mauritius2013_2.pdf
The eight Millennium Development Goals proposed by the UN during the Millennium General Assembly of 2000 will not be reached in Africa by 2015 if international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund continue to impose unethical and punishing economic policies through the Structural Adjustment Program (SAPs) on the poor and undeveloped countries of Africa and if the wealthy old core countries continue to break promises and hesitate to donate enough financial aid to Africa to help it recover from the destructive effects of the SAPs and the AIDS pandemic, and to also ensure gender equality and rights of women in Africa.
Meece, Roger. U.S. Department of State: Diplomacy in action, "Democratic Republic of the Congo." Last modified Nov 04, 2013. Accessed May 10, 2014. http://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/congokinshasa/40495.htm.
A strategic analysis provides an examination of both the internal and external factors impacting on the organisation (Papulova & Gazova, 2016). City
United Nations. (2014). United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan. Retrieved on 23 May 2014 from http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unmiss/
Much of the political case for regional economic integration stems from national security. Another case study provided by Hill is the European Union. The nation states of Western Europe bonded together in an effort to deal with the political giants of the USSR to the east and the USA to the west. Further, regional economic integration can facilitate political harmony between nations due to their increased level of
A strategic plan is a tool that delivers guidance in achieving a mission or goal with maximum proficiency and control for an organization. Strategic planning is used to transform and revitalize organizations. The plan helps provide an inclusive understanding of opportunities and challenges both internally and externally for the organization. The plan delivers an assessment of the strengths and limitations that are realistic within the company. A well-developed strategic plan will offer a comprehensive approach and empowerment for the stakeholders involved. It is an opportunity for learning and understanding priorities that will drive the business to succeed. Jones (2010), describes how in health care organizations, strategic plans characteristically concentrate on operational and organizational goals such as when to obtain new technology, how to meet competitive challenges, and what staffing, tools, or facilities are needed to ensure organizational survival. The mission and value statements are significant in determining the quality of a strategic initiative. Forcing the organization to look toward the future creates proactive objectives in which both short-term and long-terms plans and goals are necessary in order to succeed.
The word “apartheid” means “separateness” in Afrikaans Language. Human Rights, according to “Article 1, UN Declaration of Rights” states that “ All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in spirit of brotherhood”. The native Africans were being segregated from the whites and were treated as second class citizens. The black residents felt that the apartheid policies violated their rights. Human rights of South African natives were violated when a racial segregation system, called Apartheid, based upon skin color was established by the South African government. Although there were various international responses, the actions of such groups as the African National Congress displayed defiance and bravery in the midst of severe situations.
South Sudan is the newest country in the world, the fifty-fourth country in Africa, and the newest country to join the United-Nations. South Sudan is a landlocked country and is located in Eastern-Africa. South Sudan is filled with plains in the north and center parts of the country. Within South Sudan lays the White Nile, a major tributary of the Nile River, which is the longest river in the world spreading four thousand two hundred fifty eight miles long. South Sudan is bordered by six countries: Central African Republic, Kenya, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Sudan.
African governments have given in to the whim’s of international organisations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) in social and health policies, and with this, has come a shift away from former emphasis on social justice and equitable market efficiency to public health services for all now being perceived as a major threat ...
"DRC: Mapping Human Rights Violations 1993-2003." DRC: Mapping Human Rights Violations 1993-2003. Trans. United Nations Security Council. United Nations Security Council, Aug. 2010. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. .
"Chapter 5. Sub-Saharan Africa." Pew Global Attitudes Project. Pew Research Center, 2007. Global Issues In Context. Web. 12 May 2014
“U.S. Relations With South Sudan: Bureau of African Affairs” U.S. Department of State. Web. 2 April 2014.
United Nations Publications. Commission for Social Development: Report on the Forty-fourth Session 18 February 2005 And 8-17 February And 22 March 2006. New York: United Nations Publications, 2006. Print.
According to the ‘World Tourism Organization’ (UNWTO), the tourism industry is one of the fastest growing sectors in the world, as it is estimated that by the year 2020, 7.8 billion people (roughly a quarter of the world’s population) will embark on a foreign trip (Bennett & Gebhardt 15). The Caribbean is said to be the most economically dependent on this industry, as the ‘Caribbean Tourism Organisation’ states that the industry forms the “economic backbone of most countries in the Region”(“Caribbean Tourism Industry” 1). The implications for tourism’s affect on the region have arisen and have prompted further research into this matter. Since the 1970’s, research regarding tourism in the Caribbean has attempted to determine the social, cultural, environmental, and economic impacts of tourism. Much of the research has found that there are in fact many negative adverse effects, and Jackson’s article asserts that, “Governments often commit money and other resources to support the growth and development of tourism and often turn a blind eye to its negative impacts” (574).
This conference triggered the creation of a new resolution titled, “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. This resolution incorporated “far-reaching” goals concerning poverty, cooperation, and protection issues, intending for these goals to be resolved by 2030. As asserted in A/RES/70/1, the United Nations seeks “to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom” by primarily creating partnership between countries. Following this, Agenda 21, a finalized plan of action, was created by a conference run by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) and adopted by 178 governments. The Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was created in the following conference to assure that the goals addressed in Agenda 21 were properly executed. This agenda was a commitment to maintain diverse aspects of sustainability such as combating climate change, improving sanitation, and helping human settlements. A/RES/70/210 recalls that the United Nations “acknowledges the importance of making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and