During the period of American slavery, the notion of flight was a myth passed down among African Americans about enslaved Africans who could fly home, providing hope for potential freedom. Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon, a rich exploration of African American identity, heritage, and self-exploration, frequently uses the motif of flight in her world of magical realism. Through characters like Robert Smith and Solomon, Morrison initially portrays flight as a means of escape marked by abandonment and death. However, Morrison’s depiction of Milkman’s journey of self-discovery and Pilate’s strong character demonstrates that flight is not only a physical escape, but also an emotional journey toward self-acceptance and empowerment of others. Originally, …show more content…
Thus, Milkman internally flies to self-acceptance and discovery of his identity. Rather than escaping from the things that “constrained him” (220), Milkman’s emotional flight allowed him to embrace those aspects of his life. More importantly, Milkman displays genuine remorse for those he harmed by the end of his internal flight, and rather than continuing to escape from the past, Milkman flies directly towards it by physically returning to Michigan. All in all, Milkman’s path to redemption, his love for his family, and his deep regret for those he harmed allows Milkman to sacrifice himself and physically fly towards potential death: to “surrender to the air” and “ride it” (337). Thus, through Milkman’s physical and emotional journey of flight, Morrison uses flight as not only a physical way of escape, but a mental journey towards self-discovery and acceptance. Additionally, Morrison shows that flight can be a journey to help others as well through Pilate, the true master of flight. From the beginning, Morrison portrays Pilate as a strong, powerful woman who ignores societal …show more content…
Rather than leaving anyone on the ground behind, she was able to carry people with her, making Pilate a true master of flight. In closing, Song of Solomon masterfully uses the motif of flight to explore the themes of escape, self-discovery, and empowerment. Although Morrison does highlight the negative consequences of flight through Robert Smith’s death and Solomon’s abandonment of his family, she also explores the meaning of flight beyond simple escape from suffering. As Milkman embarks on his journey, Morrison redefines flight as an emotional and spiritual quest for identity and self-acceptance. Milkman’s transformation from a materialistic youth to a man who embraces his heritage and responsibilities demonstrates that true flight involves confronting and understanding one’s past. Additionally, Pilate embodies internal flight by transcending societal constraints and nurturing others, leading to true liberation and flight. All in all, Morrison suggests that flight is not merely a physical escape from hardship, but also a journey toward inner freedom and personal
...ography book. But had been from one end of the country to another. One wholly dependent on money for life, the other indifferent to it. But those were the meaningless things. Their similarities were profound. Both were vitally interested in Macon Dead’s son, and both had close and supportive posthumous communication with their fathers” (139). They are very different in personality, but they both want Milkman, Pilate wishes to teach him love and culture, and Ruth wishes to keep Milkman at her side. These characteristics lead Milkman along his journey, both as hindrances and as salvation, and without these juxtaposed mother-figures in Milkman’s life he would not have a well-rounded character and growth which is brought from his struggles brought by his mother, and his triumphs from Pilate.
Near the end of the book Milkman seems to change his view of his father, with some help from the positive memories of the old men in the passage.
Throughout literature it has been common for authors to use allusions to complement recurrent motifs in their work. In Toni Morrison's Song Of Solomon, Milkman learns that his desire to fly has been passed down to him from his ancestor Solomon. As Milkman is figuring out the puzzle of his ancestry, he realizes that when Solomon tried to take his youngest son, Jake, flying with him, he dropped him and Jake never arrived with his father to their destination.
The tale of the flying African represents a common dream, a common disappointment, and a group identity. As the object of Milkman's quest, it suggests a multi-leveled equivalence between individual identity and community. Simply as a folktale, it is an artifact of Afro-American history; its content links Afro-American to pan-African history; it is localized to represent Milkman's family history. His discovery of the tale thus represents Milkman's discovery of his membership in ever more inclusive communities: his family, Afro-Americans, all blacks. When Milkman realizes he can "fly" as a result of discovering his flying ancestor, his quest itself parallels Solomon's own flight back to Africa; it, too, represents a return to the origins of the community.
Toni Morrison's novel “Song of Solomon" is an evident example of literary work that utilizes the plight of the African-American community to develop an in-depth and complex storyline and plot. Not only does Toni Morrison use specific historical figures as references for her own characters, she also makes use of biblical figures, and mythological Greek gods and goddesses. When evaluating Toni Morrison’s “Song of Solomon” you can relate each and every character to a specific historical figure or mythological being in history. But to focus on a specific character you would look towards one of the protagonists. Guitar and Milkman can serve as main individuals that can be symbolic of other political and civil rights activist involved in history.
In Song of Solomon, a novel by Toni Morrison, flight is used as a literal and metaphorical symbol of escape. Each individual character that chooses to fly in the novel is “flying” away from a hardship or a seemingly impossible situation. However, by choosing to escape, one is also deliberately choosing to abandon family and community members. The first reference to this idea is found in the novel’s epigraph: “The fathers may soar/ And the children may know their names,” which introduces the idea that while flight can be an escape, it can also be harmful to those left behind. However, while the male characters who achieve flight do so by abandoning their female partners and family, the female characters master flight without abandoning those they love. Throughout the novel, human flight is accepted as a natural occurrence, while those who doubt human flight, such as Milkman, are viewed as abnormal and are isolated from the community. It is only when Milkman begins to believe in flight as a natural occurrence that he is welcomed back into the community and sheds his feelings of isolation.
Toni Morrision's novel "Song of Solomon" contrasts the image of a self-made individual with that of an individual who is the product of his or her society. Since society changes, the man who simply reflects his social environment changes accordingly. But “the true individual's self-discovery depends on achieving consciousness of one's own nature and identity”(Middleton 81). This is what differentiates Pilate and Milkman from Macon and Guitar. There are direct similarities between Milkman's and Pilate's self-discovery. They both achieve their individualistic spirit through travel, literal and symbolic. Not so for Guitar and Macon Dead jr. “Where Pilate's and Milkman's self-discovery is a journey of individuals, Guitar and Macon Dead Jr.are defined and determined by the kind of society they belong to”(Davis 225).
In Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison, men discover themselves through flight. While the motif of flight is liberating for men, it has negative consequences for women. Commonly, the women of Song of Solomon are abandoned by men, both physically and emotionally. Many times they suffer as a result as an abandonment, but there are exceptions in which women can pick themselves up or are undisturbed. Morrison explores in Song of Solomon the abandonment of women by men.
In Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon, the character of Milkman gradually learns to respect and to listen to women. This essay will examine Milkman's transformation from boy to man.
...is past, as well as the mistakes of the people in his community. Milkman fights the oppression much like his great grandfather does by rising above it, and by soaring over his own oppression. Since he used a non-violent stance I felt this could represent Martin Luther King Jr. who helped African Americans to rise above oppression as well. Although he doesn’t bring a change of masses, Milkman himself has changed, and through time he can show others how to ride the wind. Milkman helps to show that flying does not have to be seen as a physical action, but as an ability an individual has to make a life away from oppression, in a world that oppresses many. An individual flying in the novel is seen as a victory over all the obstacles one has to hurdle in life. It’s the character of the individual that determines whether or not you surrender to the wind and fly, or if you stay on the Earth wondering why things never change.
Freedom is heavily sought after and symbolized by flight with prominent themes of materialism, classism, and racism throughout Toni Morrison’s novel Song of Solomon. The characters Milkman and Macon Dead represent these themes as Macon raises Milkman based on his own belief that ownership of people and wealth will give an individual freedom. Milkman grows up taking this idea as a way to personally obtain freedom while also coming to difficult terms with the racism and privilege that comes with these ideas and how they affect family and African Americans, and a way to use it as a search for an individual 's true self. Through the novel, Morrison shows that both set themselves in a state of mental imprisonment to these materials
In Song of Solomon Toni Morrison tells a story of one black man's journey toward an understanding of his own identity and his African American roots. This black man, Macon "Milkman" Dead III, transforms throughout the novel from a naïve, egocentric, young man to a self-assured adult with an understanding of the importance of morals and family values. Milkman is born into the burdens of the materialistic values of his father and the weight of a racist society. Over the course of his journey into his family's past he discovers his family's values and ancestry, rids himself of the weight of his father's expectations and society's limitations, and literally learns to fly.
Song of Solomon tells the story of Dead's unwitting search for identity. Milkman appears to be destined for a life of self-alienation and isolation because of his commitment to the materialism and the linear conception of time that are part of the legacy he receives from his father, Macon Dead. However, during a trip to his ancestral home, “Milkman comes to understand his place in a cultural and familial community and to appreciate the value of conceiving of time as a cyclical process”(Smith 58).
Milkman is born on the day that Mr. Smith kills himself trying to fly; Milkman as a child wanted to fly until he found out that people could not. When he found, "that only birds and airplanes could fly&emdash;he lost all interest in himself" (9). The novel Song of Solomon is about an African American man nicknamed Milkman. This novel, by Nobel Prize winner Toni Morrison was first published in 1977, shows a great deal of the African American culture, and the discrimination within their culture at the time Song of Solomon takes place. In part one, the setting is in a North Carolina town in the 30's and 40's.
And let the things you own own other things” (Morrison 56). This guidance encourages the dominance of the id mentality because its only motive is selfish satisfaction. Being born into a family of wealth that also lacks moral leadership from a father figure, Milkman’s superego does not have an opportunity to enhance. As a result, Milkman’s ego struggles to see the value of his superego, resulting in the recurring dominance of his id. Continuing to analyze subsequent moments with psychoanalytic criticism, Milkman develops a sense of maturity as his ego becomes more prominent in his behavioral choices. Another moment where Milkman’s transformation is notable is when he reflects on his actions of stealing the green tarp from Pilate’s house and feels ashamed for doing so.