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Mars geology vs earth geology
Mars geology vs earth geology
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What Makes Earth Different From Mars
Earth is the third planet from the sun in the solar system, and was formed over four and a half billion years ago. The planet earth revolves around the sun in three hundred and sixty five days, and has only one moon. Mars is the fourth planet from the sun in the solar system considered to be similar but very different from earth. Some of the differences between Earth and Mars are the size of the planets, the plate tectonics, and the ability to sustain life.
Earth and Mars are different when is come to sizes. Earth is almost twice the size of Mars at the size of 12,742 kilometers in diameter. Earth is one the largest planet in the Solar System, and the largest of the terrestrial planets. Earth is the largest of the terrestrial planets of the inner solar system. Earth is about
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Mars is smaller than earth by 6,779 kilometers in diameter. Being a desert planet, Mars has the same amount of dry land as Earth. Mars has a diameter of 4,222 miles 6,794 kilometers, but from pole to pole, the diameter is 4,196 miles 6,752 kilometers.
Earth and Mars have different plate tectonics. Most of the deformation of the Earth's surface results from the movement of the large lithospheric plates with respect to one another. Linear mountain chains, transcurrent fault zones, rift systems, and oceanic trenches all result directly from plate tectonics. There are no plate tectonics on Mars, so most of the deformational features familiar to us here on the Earth are absent. The tectonics of Mars is instead dominated by the Tharsis bulge. Earth has a shifting crust which changes the surface continuously. The Earth is made up of large plates that are below its crust. At the boundaries of these plates movement can occur. When the plates move it causes changes on the surface of earth. Changes can come from below the surface and are caused by earthquakes
The plate tectonic theory is a theory that geologists use to help explain the Earth’s surface processes and events. It explains that the sliding of these plates are either away from each other, sliding past each other, or sliding into each other and causing one of the plates to slide beneath the other. There are three kinds of plate tectonic boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. Magma then flows up from the mantle to fill in the space between the plates, forming a raised ridge called a mid-ocean ridge. The magma also spreads in the exterior, forming new ocean floor and new oceanic crust. A convergent boundary occurs when two plates
All planets orbit within 3 of the plane of the ecliptic. In addition, all planets also orbit in a prograde orbit which means they all orbit in the same direction. There is a total of four terrestrial planets and 5 Jovian planets. A terrestrial planet is a rocky planet that is composed of rocks or metals. For example, Mercury, Venus earth, and Mars are examples of terrestrial planets because they are small rocky and contain an atmosphere. Earth and Mars, for instance, has a thin atmosphere whereas Venus has a hot thick atmosphere. Jovian planets are the giant planets such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto all have big gasses and many moons. Jupiter, for instance, is a big gas ball mad up of the elements Hydrogen and Helium. All five planets also have rings which mean the planet has a disc orbiting around the
Tectonic Activity The continents of the world are all separated by different tectonic plates which when collide is called Tectonic Activity. There are different forms of tectonic activity and different processes and landforms, which are involved during and as a result of the collisions. As and when these collisions are going to take place we can't determine because current technology hasn't allowed us to dig as far into the earth to the point of pressures which causes the plates to collide. These pressures are believed to be eruptions of liquid magma deep inside the earth.
Summary: After the formation of the Earth, continents, once apart of a single supercontinent, slowly move away from one another. The shifting and movement of the continents created geographical landmarks such as mountains and large oceans. Later, enormous sheets of ice covered large areas of the Earth in a period known as the Ice Age. When the ice retreated from North America, it left the landscape as we know it today.
The earth’s surface and the mantle make up the composition of the tectonic plates. This layer, called the lithosphere, rests on top of the asthenosphere, a layer of molten rock. The asthenosphere is constantly moving and flowing due to the extreme pressures...
The mantle of the Earth is very weak so, the rigid structures of the lithosphere move around easily. Tectonic plates move easily over the mantle because, they are just floating there. The heat of the Earth causes the magma in the liquid mantle to expand and move. The heating and moving of magma causes the tectonic plates to move. The plates move in a pattern called a
About 20 million years ago the last part of the Farallon sea floor plate subducted under the North American plate. This put the North American plate and the Pacific plate into contact, but unlike the Farallon sea floor plate, the Pacific plate sheared against the side of the North American plate. Because there was no plate subducting, the North American plate was in direct contact with the mantle (Tierney, 29). Heat from the mantle made the continental crust more ductile, which allowed the crust to extend and thin.
“I think humans will reach Mars, and I would like to see it happen in my lifetime” was said by Buzz Aldrin, a NASA astronaut. The former American aeronaut from Montclair, New Jersey believes that since Mars does exist, it is waiting to be reached by humans. When this would happen, he says that the human race would “evolve into a two-planet species.” Present day Mars has a lot of canyons, mountains and volcanoes. Even though the surface is Mars is very old, scientists learned about different younger rift valleys, plains, hills and ridges. According to recent reports, there were lakes and rivers, along with an ocean billions of years ago. The low temperatures on the planet cause there to be polar ice caps and frozen water present. Scientists continue to notice several discoveries on the planet that lead them to think there was once life on the planet. Different clues have scientists wanting to find out about even more. Many scientists in the past few centuries have been curious if life on Mars is possible or if it has ever been before.
Mars would be a challenging place for humans to live because of its dry conditions (lack of water) and cold temperatures. The frequent sandstorms and dust devils whipping across the surface of the planet would also make human existence difficult. Scientists believe that Mars had a think atmosphere in the past. They also think Mars was warmer and may have once contained liquid water.
Convection currents deep in the mantle of the earth, begin to well up towards the surface. As the pressure increases, it sets the crustal plates in motion. There are different kinds of mountains - Volcanic, Folded, Fault-block, and Dome mountains. Volcanic mountains are formed when magma comes up through cracks in the Earth’s crust and explodes out of lava and ash. The Hawaiian volcanoes, Mt. Hood, Mt. Etna, Vesuvius, and Mt. Saint Helens is an example of volcanic mountains.
Mars, the beautiful red planet, is the most similar planet to earth. The terrain in general is very close to what we are used to on earth, minus the vegetation. Earth and Mars both contain polar ice caps. Mars also has water throughout the planet, but it is mostly subsoil.
In order for the human race to ensure its survival from such threats, it is imperative that humans expand beyond earth and into space. If the earth were ever to be destroyed, the human race would continue to exist on another planet. Many scientists believe Mars would be a suitable planet to begin colonizing. Mars has ice underneath its soil, which translates into water. Its land is solid, making it easy to establish buildings.
The interior structure of the earth is made up of crust, the mantle and core (inner core and outer core). Earthquakes occur on the crust. Crust forms the external layer of the earth surface. On the crust, the plate tectonics forces are in charge of causing the abrupt earth movements. Due to the existence of an immense temperature and concurrent pressure difference in the outer layer and inner layer of the earth, convection currents occur at the mantle. This energy results from overwhelming decomposition of radioactive substances contained by the rocks found at the interior of the earth. The developed convection currents lead to movement of lava; cold lava finds its way to the interior of the earth crust, while the molten lava which is generally hot, leaves the interior of the earth to the outside of the earth crust. These kinds of circulations occur at different locations of the earth surface and consequently results in segmentation of the earth due to movement in different directions.
The fourth planet from the sun is Mars. “Mars is named after a mythological figure-the Roman God of War. Due to Mars color it is also known as the red planet. Mercury is the tiniest planet then Mars. Scientist have found that mars has the largest mountain compared to the other planets. Furthermore, this mountain is named Olympus Mons, it is a shield volcano, it is 21 km high and 600 km in diameter. Scientist have discovered recent lava on the planet, therefore the volcano may still be active.