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Formation of solar system essay
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Tyler John Moore
Mr. Cummins
Science
06 March 2017
Our Solar System Our Solar System is a wonderful place, with its profuse planets big and small, giant icy wastelands and tiny volcanic planets. It is the only place known to have a planet to have a planet that supports life. The Sun, two asteroid belts, eight planets, and five dwarf planets make this place truly awesome.
The Creation Scientists agree that the solar system was created when there was a tumult in a cloud of dust and gas, possibly a supernova, the tumult pushed the cloud together, creating our star, the Sun. Then the remaining gas and dust started orbiting the star, the remaining dust and gas later became the planets.
The Sun
We orbit one giant object known as the Sun. A star
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The Asteroid Belt is a large sum of asteroids and other objects orbiting the Sun. The Asteroid Belt is located between Mars and Jupiter. The Kuiper Belt marks the edge of our solar system and contains some of our dwarf planets. It has less mass than the Asteroid Belt, although the Asteroid Belt is …show more content…
Mercury is the 1st planet from the Sun. It goes through extreme temperature changes, it can be -279 degrees fahrenheit at night, and 801 in the day. Mercury is made of rock and dust. Venus is the 2nd plane. Venus, which is the hottest planet, reaches temperatures of up to 864 degrees fahrenheit. Venus is made of rock and dust. Earth is the 3rd planet. Its temperature is (on average) 61 degrees. Earth is the only planet known to support life. It is also made of rock and dust. Mars is the 4th planet. It is up to 70 degrees in summer and down to -195 in the winter, it is the final planet composed of rock and dust. Jupiter is the 5th planet, it is usually -234 degrees fahrenheit. Jupiter is made of gas. Saturn is the 6th planet, it has rings visible from earth, its average temperature is -288 degrees, it is also made of gas. Uranus is the 7th planet. Uranus has a tilted orbit. its average temperature is -357 degrees fahrenheit. It is composed of gas. Neptune is the 8th and final planet, it has an average temperature of -218 degrees. It is the last planet composed of
The Kuiper Belt is an icy-bodied disc shapes area of the Solar System. Kuiper Belt has a circular shape, to be exact, it is a curved plane. It is over 4.5 to 7.4 billion kilometers from Sun. This is roughly 30 to 50 times the distance of Earth from Sun. The Kuiper Belt has been said to resemble the Asteroid Belt that lies between Mars and Jupiter. The difference between the Kuiper Belt and the Asteroid Belt is that the bodies are icier due to their distance from the Sun. The Kuiper Belt objects includes Pluto and other comets that orbit beyond Neptune. Most Kuiper Belt objects are made up of frozen volatiles such as methane, water and ammonia. In 1950 astronomer Gerald Kuiper predicted the existence of the Kuiper Belt and the find was named
Many scientists have theories on why Saturn has rings, but nobody knows for sure. Because of this it makes it a very heated topic today. This is the simplest answer that I have found. The planet is has a great deal of dust, particles, and ice at varying distances from its surface. These items are most likely trapped by gravity. The rings appear because of the wavelengths of light reflected by these rings of debris. Although there are many theories behind why Saturn has rings, I believe that this theory is the one that makes the most sense to me.
I’d first like to discuss the four closest planets to the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, also known as terrestrial planets. These planets are different from Jovian planets, mostly because of their solid surfaces. However, these are not the only explanations for the distinctions between the Jovian and Terrestrial planets. Terrestrial planets have few moons, no rings surrounding the planets, high densities, and usually slow rotations. These planets are special because of their heavy metal core, which explains their high densities. When it comes to topography, these planets are known for having valleys and craters, which make them different from the gaseous Jovian planets. The atmospheres of the four terrestrial planets range from very thick atmospheres to very thing atmospheres. Throughout this paper, I will go more in-depth into each of these planets and what makes each one of them
Solar nebula is a rotating flattened disk of gas and dust in which the outer part of the disk became planets while the center bulge part became the sun. Its inner part is hot, which is heated by a young sun and due to the impact of the gas falling on the disk during its collapse. However, the outer part is cold and far below the freezing point of water. In the solar nebula, the process of condensation occurs after enough cooling of solar nebula and results in the formation into a disk. Condensation is a process of cooling the gas and its molecules stick together to form liquid or solid particles. Therefore, condensation is the change from gas to liquid. In this process, the gas must cool below a critical temperature. Accretion is the process in which the tiny condensed particles from the nebula begin to stick together to form bigger pieces. Solar nebular theory explains the formation of the solar system. In the solar nebula, tiny grains stuck together and created bigger grains that grew into clumps, possibly held together by electrical forces similar to those that make lint stick to your clothes. Subsequent collisions, if not too violent, allowed these smaller particles to grow into objects ranging in size from millimeters to kilometers. These larger objects are called planetesimals. As planetesimals moved within the disk and collide with one another, planets formed. Because astronomers have no direct way to observe how the Solar System formed, they rely heavily on computer simulations to study that remote time. Computer simulations try to solve Newton’s laws of motion for the complex mix of dust and gas that we believe made up the solar nebula. Merging of the planetesimals increased their mass and thus their gravitational attraction. That, in turn, helped them grow even more massive by drawing planetesimals into clumps or rings around the sun. The process of planets building undergoes consumption of most of the planetesimals. Some survived planetesimals form small moons, asteroids, and comets. The leftover Rocky planetesimals that remained between Jupiter and Mars were stirred by Jupiter’s gravitational force. Therefore, these Rocky planetesimals are unable to assemble into a planet. These planetesimals are known as asteroids. Formation of solar system is explained by solar nebular theory. A rotating flat disk with center bulge is the solar nebula. The outer part of the disk becomes planets and the center bulge becomes the sun.
Asteroids can be found orbiting the Sun in a belt between Mars and Jupiter; this is called the Asteroid belt or Main belt. The asteroid belt has been said to probably contain millions of asteroids that are all different. There are more than 20,000 numbered asteroids. Some times asteroids get knocked off the asteroid belt. As asteroids revolve around the Sun in elliptical orbits, Jupiter’s gravity and getting to close to Mars or another asteroid can change an asteroids path, this could send an asteroid out of the asteroid belt and into space across the orbits of other planets. An example of asteroid orbits changing is Mar’s moons Phobos and Deimos. These were asteroids that went to close to Mars and got caught in its orbit.
Our solar system, as we see it today, originally formed from the collapse of a very cold and low-density cloud of gas. The mass of this cloud was composed of 98% hydrogen and helium, 1.4% hydrogen compounds, .4% rock, and .2% metal. The nebula was thought to be a few light years across and was roughly spherical in shape. The cloud was in a state of balance, it was neither contracting or expanding, until a cataclysmic event, most likely a supernova, created a shock wave through the nebula, resulting in an area of higher mass. Once this area became more massive than the rest of the nebula it begin to collapse with the area of hig...
The idea behind the Solar Nebular Hypothesis is that the solar system was condensed from an enormous cloud of hydrogen, helium, and a few other elements and rocks. Around five billion years this cloud of materials began to spin and contract together into a disk shape under their own gravitational forces. The particles started combined together, protoplanets, to eventually form planets. A great mass of the material eventually began to form together, protosun, and make up the sun.
Perhaps the most notable difference is its moon and rings. Throughout history, many people have been able to see Saturn’s wonderful rings illustrated in images of the planet. Oddly enough, all four jovian planets actually contain rings, it is only Saturn’s rings however, that are the most visible from Earth. These rings are made of pieces of asteroids and ice, all of which orbit the planet at very high speeds (Williams, 2016). Generally, the further a planet is from a star, the cooler its atmosphere tends to be.
Neptune is thought to be like Uranus. But have a lot of things in common and different about one another. Neptune and Uranus are both very big planets compared to Earth. But first let’s take in mind Neptune and how it is moderately like Jupiter. According to The Sky on Neptune there is also a gigantic blue spot (like Jupiter). Astronomers (scientists) don’t have much of a concept on how it formed and what it is. Neptune is the furthest planet from (not including the dwarf planets) the sun making it freezing. It’s -210o C (-346o F) that is extremely cold.
Asteroids are large or small chunks of rock and metal flying around space up to speeds of 80 000 km/h. These chunks were believed to have formed millions of years ago during the "big bang". These rocks didn’t form any planets and were stuck floating around space on their own or in the gravitation of the asteroid belt. This asteroid belt is approximately 300 million miles from the Sun and it contains thousands of asteroids; some being miles in diameter.
A galaxy, also called a nebula, consists of billions of stars, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter which are all bound to form a massive cloud in which we live in. Although it cannot be very well explained, dark matter makes up at least 90% of a galaxy’s mass. Galaxies also contain billions upon billions of stars and their diameter can range from 1,500 to 300,000 light years. That’s huge! The Milky Way, the galaxy in which we live in, is one of about 170 billion galaxies in the observable universe. Our Sun is one of the billions of stars in our galaxy, and our eight planets revolve around this star in only a tiny part of our galaxy. “The Earth’s solar system is believed to exist very close to the Galaxy’s galactic plane, due to the fact that the Milky Way essentially divides the night sky into two virtually equal hemispheres” ("All About the Milky"). It definitely makes people second guess the fact of there being life on other planets.
Since the beginning, mankind has always been fascinated with the structure of space. As time advances, we’ve found ways to see further and gain more knowledge about the space around us. We’ve advanced from the human eye, to telescopes, to even larger telescopes, to telescopes in space, which eliminates the image distortion caused by the Earth’s atmosphere.
Our solar system has eight planets, their moons and satellites, and they are all orbiting the Sun. The eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Pluto used to be the ninth planet but IAU changed the definition of planet and Pluto did not meet the standards so it is now a Dwarf planet.
There are eight planets in our solar system. The first planet closest to the sun is Mercury. Therefore, Mercury is the hottest planet. Mercury’s surface is cold. However, in the daytime Mercury can get as hot as 840 degrees fahrenheit, which is 450 degrees celsius. During night time the temperature can decrease to 275 degrees fahrenheit, or -170 degrees celsius. Mercury is the smallest planet. Mercury is the quickest planet to move around the sun. Its speed is approximately 112,000 mph along its elliptical orbit. Mercury can move around the sun in 88 days. There are craters in mercury, and scientist believe ice is in the craters.