Social process theories explain the actions of cybercriminal. The individuals that have access to computers may learn encoding and hacking techniques and might favor doing illegal activities than conventional ones. Since this is the cyberworld, criminals can easily drift behaviors, neutralization theory. The theories that fail to explain cybercrimes is trait theories. The theories suggested based on the environment and biological factors the individual grew up then that means they are more prone to commit crimes, assuming the environment is negative and they have biological trait that exhibits crime-prone tendencies. This is flawed because it’s not necessary for one to grow up in a negative environment to also have a trait that follows with …show more content…
There are law imposed on vandalism, defamation, and destruction of property, so it wouldn’t be any different. Different states have different laws regarding to the extent of action such as a fine or prison. Civil lawsuits against defacer results in high fine. For the most part, website defacer only aim to impress or send a message; a fine is suitable for the action. However if the owner of the website feels harass or finds that site visitors could potentially be harm, both prison and fine is suitable.
The infrastructure of the network needs to be strengthened. An organization within law enforcement can be build to protect sensitive information of our citizens and international partners. The organization will be responsible for detecting and characterizing crimes, picking up any form of malware, trojan, and viruses that may hack into our government bases. Network ownership confirmation could help further enhance security and partner up for monitoring unusual activity that may attack the owner’s
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The countries can work together and collect and share intelligence, creating securities. With our current presence of the FBI in other countries, we should keep up that cooperation and create laws that would also protect our allied’s interests. Since it’s known that TOC typically has a strong gang with high knowledge how of the government works, police force/homeland security/national guard should train hard to be prepare for the violence that is to come.
The poor are in our jails and prison. Compare to the general population in America, they lack education because they can’t afford higher education, their wealth is at the low because taxes favor the rich, and because they don’t have education, they can’t apply for skilled jobs. People behind bars are more likely to be subjected to profiling and weeded out for crimes. Their punishments are also harsher than if a middle-classmen were to be subjected with
The majority of our prison population is made up of African Americans of low social and economic classes, who come from low income houses and have low levels of education. The chapter also discusses the amount of money the United States loses yearly due to white collar crime as compared to the cost of violent crime. Another main point was the factors that make it more likely for a poor person to be incarcerated, such as the difficulty they would have in accessing adequate legal counsel and their inability to pay bail. This chapter addresses the inequality of sentencing in regards to race, it supplies us with NCVS data that shows less than one-fourth of assailants are perceived as black even though they are arrested at a much higher rate. In addition to African Americans being more likely to be charged with a crime, they are also more likely to receive harsher punishments for the same crimes- which can be seen in the crack/cocaine disparities. These harsher punishments are also shown in the higher rates of African Americans sentenced to
There are many contributing factors that lead to these statistics, but the most prominent among them is the heavy scrutiny of poor, mostly minority neighborhoods. To make matters worse, sentencing for drug crimes also has a high racial discrepancy. According to the Sentencing Project, "African Americans serve virtually as much time in prison for a drug offense (58.7 months) as whites do for a violent offense (61.7 months)"(NAACP). Another example of this is the disparity in sentencing is the comparison of those caught with powder cocaine and those caught with crack cocaine. Despite being essentially the same substance, "federal penalties for crack were 100 times harsher than those for powder cocaine, with African Americans disproportionately sentenced to much lengthier terms"
2010, “Racial Disparities in Sentencing: Implications for the Criminal Justice System and the African American Community”, African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies 4(1): 1-31, in this Albonetti’s study is discussed in which it was found that minority status alone accounted for an additional sentence length of “one to seven months.” African American defendants were “likely to receive pretrial release but were more likely to be convicted, and be given harsher sentences after conviction than white defendants charged with the same crimes.” One of the reasons behind this are the sentencing laws, it is seen that these laws are designed in a way that they tend to be harsher towards a certain group of people, generally towards the people of color than others thus leading to inequality with the sentencing
The criminal justice system is full of inequality and disparities among race, gender, and class. From policing neighborhoods, and the ongoing war on drugs, to sentencing, there are underlying biases and discriminatory practices in the criminal justice system that impacts minority communities and groups. Fueled by stereotypes and generalizations, it is important to identify and discuss what crimes take place and who actually makes it up.
The criminal justice system is a system in which no definite, all inclusive racism is existent. The seemingly discriminating factors of the criminal justice system are clearly due to inner city isolation and patterns in drug crimes; racism has no effect whatsoever. Some factors such as the relation between cocaine and severe punishment do not support racism because in all reality crack cocaine is worse than powder cocaine. “The justice system isn’t racist. Black people are arrested more often because they commit more crimes. Period. End of
If given this prompt at the beginning of this semester I would have answered with a resounding yes, the criminal justice system is racist. The classes I have previously taken at LSU forced me to view the criminal justice system as a failed institution and Eric Holder’s interview in VICE - Fixing The System solidified that ideology. The system is man-made, created by people in power, and imposed on society, so of course there will be implicit biases. The issue is that these internally held implicit biases shaped the system, leading the racial and class disparities. VICE – Fixing The System addressed heavily the outcomes that we see in today’s society based on these implicit biases. Additionally, this documentary focuses on the ways that mainly
For much of the twentieth century, punishment and crime have portrayed some of the most powerful signs of the racial divide in the United States. Marginalized and the poor remains the most biased against the criminal justice scheme (Barak, 2010). Throughout the Americas. racial minorities were tried in white courtrooms by white juries. Class and race are challenging.
Even though racism has always been a problem since the beginning of time, recently in the United States, there has been a rise in discrimination and violence has been directed towards the African American minority primarily from those in the white majority who believe they are more superior, especially in our criminal justice system. There are many different reasons for the ethnic disparities in the criminal justice system between the majority and the minority, but some key reasons are differential involvement, individual racism, and institutional racism to why racial disparities exist in
These authors’ arguments are both well-articulated and comprehensive, addressing virtually every pertinent concept in the issue of explaining racially disparate arrest rates. In The Myth of a Racist Criminal Justice System, Wilbanks insists that racial discrimination in the criminal justice system is a fabrication, explaining the over-representation of African Americans in arrest numbers simply through higher incidence of crime. Walker, Spohn and DeLone’s The Color of Justice dissents that not only are African Americans not anywhere near the disproportionate level of crime that police statistics would indicate, they are also arrested more because they are policed discriminately. Walker, Spohn and DeLone addi...
Many inequalities exist within the justice system that need to be brought to light and addressed. Statistics show that African American men are arrested more often than females and people of other races. There are some measures that can and need to be taken to reduce the racial disparity in the justice system. Racial disparity in the criminal justice system exists when the proportion of a racial or ethnic group within the control system is higher than the proportion of the group in the general population. The cause of this disparity varies and can include differences in the levels of criminal activity, law enforcements emphasis on particular communities, legislative policies, and/or decision making by one or more persons at some level in the criminal justice system.
These statistics demonstrate that racialized mass incarceration exists in the U.S. There are a few reasons why African Americans are discriminated against by the legal system. The primary cause is inequitable protection by the law and unequal enforcement of it. Unequal protection is when the legal system offers less protection to African Americans that are victimized by whites. It is unequal enforcement because discriminatory treatment of African Americans that are labeled as criminal suspects is more accepted.
When a person of color is being sentenced the unjustness of sentencing is blatantly shown such as in the article Race Sentencing and Testimony which stated, “ These scholars conclude that black male arrestees “face significantly more severe charges conditional on arrest offense and other observed characteristics” and attribute this primarily to prosecution charging decisions” (Mauer 4). This piece of writing explains that for no other reason than race do these people get convicted far more significantly than others who have the same charge but are white, which continues as far as giving a person of color the max sentence that they can have on a certain charge just for the color of their skin. The justice system has turned into the opposite of what it claims to be and continues to grow as a racist overseer, bashing down on those that they believe should be punished as harshly as possible simply for the color of their skin. The system has gone as deep as to making it so that even if a person has not committed a crime, but are being charged for it they can agree to a plea bargain, which makes it so even though the person did not do it the system is going to have them convicted of it anyway (Quigley 1). “As one young man told me ‘who wouldn’t rather do three years for a crime they didn’t commit than risk twenty-five years
Black youths arrested for drug possession are 48 times more likely to wind up in prison than white youths arrested for the same crime under the same circumstances. Many people are unaware how constant racism has been throughout the years. It is important to understand the problems of racism because it is relevant to society. Racism in America is very real and Americans need to know it.
When the “War on Drugs” was started this created a big factor to why there is so many people in jail on such small crimes, such as a non violent drug offense. When people are caught with small amount of crack they are many times put to prison for life. Incidentally if that same person is caught with powder cocaine they are treated much differently even though they are the same exact drug under pharmaceutical reports. This type of racism comes from an individual standpoint because lawmakers are the ones who make mandatory minimums, they also know that
Finally, economic status. The system is so broken that I do not see a solution on how to fix it. Defendants do not stand a chance in a today’s criminal justice system. Jobs must be the priority of the country. No jobs means more crimes committed by minorities. Whenever avenues are not available, the group with less will seek out the people with more. If they cannot get to the people with more, then they will attack the closet to them. Usually it is their own kind. But, with all that has been said, people need to stop committing crimes, then nobody can claim that it was the other group.