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An introction to community engagement
Explain social model of disability
Explain social model of disability
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Recommended: An introction to community engagement
How can our understanding of the social model of disability help create enabling home environment? (Open University 2014) The social model of disability proposes that disability stems from the way society is organised and not by a person's impairments. An enabling environment helps to make life easier for people with disability and impairments. The social model of disability was formed by disabled academics who were disturbed about restricting barriers people with disability and impairment face daily, limiting them from participating in the society. The ‘model’ implies that peoples environment, especially outside their homes is the cause of disability, such as the way buildings are designed and structured. The social model of disability’s aim …show more content…
It recognises that ‘impairment’ is not an issue, because it's usually physical, intellectual or medically linked, resulting in loss of mental or physical abilities. Example: ‘’A person who has paraplegia, will not be able to move their legs’’. On the other hand, disability occurs due to environmental structures. Example: ‘’A wheelchair user will find it very disabling trying to go through a narrow entrance’’. Activity 9.5. The social model of disability will play an important role in creating an enabling home environment, if we’re to use the positive message of the model, understanding what disables an individual within or outside their environment, needs to be applied. through redesigning and …show more content…
Giving them a sense of self, which helps towards improving their well-being. Once their needs and barriers have been identified, the next stage will be how to access funds needed for the project, which can be a disabling factor if considering ‘the social model of disability’. Some people might be able to carry out the adaptations independently, while some will have to apply for funds through their local authority. The latter being the case. In learning guide 9, 1.2 Veronica and David were able to get the disability facilities grant from social services to enable the adaptations and modification of their home. 1.2, activity 9.1. One of the essential tools of this model, is the more extensive knowledge and understanding of reinforcing the quality of integrative care for people with disabilities. the ‘’Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons (CSDP) Act 1970, placing the burden of responsibility on local authorities to meet the needs of disabled people with necessary help and support to make their home more enabling with adaptations, such as assistive technology equipment, aids and features needed for their safety and comfort, with easy accessibility, sourcing for funds may not be so daunting. ''The housing authorities were made to ensure that adaptations and redesigning of standard houses for people with disability
Culture and disability takes at its starting points the assertion that disability is culturally created and stands as a reflection of a society’s meaning of the phenomenon it created. This includes the fact that disability is a cultural reality that is both time and place dependent: what disability means is different from one social group to another and different from one historical period to another. (p. 526)
Disability is a ‘complex issue’ (Alperstein, M., Atkins, S., Bately, K., Coetzee, D., Duncan, M., Ferguson, G., Geiger, M. Hewett, G., et al.., 2009: 239) which affects a large percentage of the world’s population. Due to it being complex, one can say that disability depends on one’s perspective (Alperstein et al., 2009: 239). In this essay, I will draw on Dylan Alcott’s disability and use his story to further explain the four models of disability being The Traditional Model, The Medical Model, The Social Model and The Integrated Model of Disability. Through this, I will reflect on my thoughts and feelings in response to Dylan’s story as well as to draw on this task and my new found knowledge of disability in aiding me to become
The lens crafted from Susan Wendell’s article “The Social Construction of Disability”, is a lens of understanding that society isn’t crafted around the disabled, but rather the abled who can easily participate throughout society unlike the disabled (39). Taking this into account, when looking at the layout of the buildings in the picture they can represent the large oppressive forces of society that is trying to keep the disabled community down. But when looking past the buildings, all that there is left to see is the sky and the clouds. The contrast of colors between the colors of the buildings which are dark shades and then the colors of the sky and clouds which are white shades, it’s almost as if looking at two worlds in which one world is oppressive and dark like the buildings and the second world being open and accepting like the sky and clouds. When looking at the buildings in a literal context, most buildings do not accommodate the disabled, especially those in wheelchairs like Wendell talks about in her article (46). So when looking at the buildings as a dark type of world that the disabled need to overcome, it relates with how the buildings actually hinder disabled people. When looking at the difference between the abled and disabled and the oppression on the community of the disabled, there is still room for conversations about doing away with the binary of abled vs.
The social model requires society to change the way it is structured rather then blaming the individual. In contrast, the individual model makes the costumer feel at fault hence lowers his confidence, but the social model insures the costumer that it was not his fault but rather those who built the doors without thinking about the disabled minorities (Oliver, 1990). The individual model fails to distinguish the difference between impairment and illness and it assumes all bodies with disabilities are in need of medical treatment (Oliver, 1990). Although the social model does distinguish the difference it often dismisses the individual and medical approaches and thus it can be interpreted as rejecting the medical prevention (Shakespeare,
It looks at ways of eliminating obstacles that limit life choices for the disabled. When obstacles are removed, the disabled can be independent and equal within societal norms, while being in control of their own lives. The disabled developed the social model of disability because the traditional medical model did not explain their personal experience of disability or help to develop more inclusive ways of living. An impairment as mentioned in class discussion is defined as: “long-term limitation of a person’s physical, mental or sensory function.” A fundamental aspect of the social model concerns equality. The social model of disability focuses on changes required in society. These terms as discussed during class discussion involve attitudes, for example non-disabled forming more positive attitudes toward certain mental traits or behaviors, or not underestimating the potential quality of life of those with impairments. Information, for example using suitable formats (ex. braille) or levels (ex. simplicity of language) or coverage (ex. explaining issues others may take for granted). Public Buildings, such as buildings with elevators and ramp access to make their business more readily
As suggested earlier, however, the physiological component of disability is distinguished from disability under the motion of impairment. Tom Shakespeare explains that key to the Social Model of disability is a “series of dichotomies,” one where “impairment is distinguished from disability.” For example, the Social Model accepts that deafness is a physiological impairment that person’s participation in society is limited, to some physical extent. And, even assuming if society was to completely accept individuals with disabilities, without prejudice or categorization, there would nonetheless be physical limitations. Nevertheless, the crucial assertion under the Social Model is that “disability” is, by definition, a social
However, the second model, the social model of disabilities,
The Medical Model is one of the approaches used to understand people with disabilities, and is ‘concerned with the origin, degree, type of loss and the onset’ of a certain disability (Munoz-Baell &Ruiz, 2000; 54:40-44). This approach views a disability as something no human being wants and should be avoided at all costs if possible (Models-Deafness, 2005). The Medical Model aims to treat people with disabilities, but before treatment can take place they need to study the disabilities and conduct experiments. In some cases the tests and investigations conducted violate the subject’s (disabled person/people being studied) fundamental human rights (Chenoweth, 1995; 36). As stated in the Integrated National Disability Strategy (INDS) : Models of Disability (1997) the Medical Model is made up of establishments that cater to people with disabilities in terms of ‘providing treatment or alternatives’ to their impairment. Although they have good intentions (to assist the disabled) this models interventions result in disabled people being dependent on these institutions and the government.
A ‘model’ is an ideology or system held by a particular group, in this essay the models referred to will focus upon those surrounding disability and impairment. The models being analysed are the medical model and social model of disability, and their impact on people with impairments. The theory of the social model of disability was a reaction to the ascendance of the medical model in society. Though social modelling ideologies were held in the 1960s, the idea was brought forward by the Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation (UPIAS) in 1975. The UPIAS claimed that it was society that disabled people, thus bringing about the ‘social model’. The medical and social models of disability have then been furthered upon by different theorists, scholars and disability rights advocates. This essay will explore the definition and systems behind these two models of disability, while using articles on the media portrayal of disability to help bring a greater understanding of these models and how they work.
The social model of disability argues against this and instead holds the view that it is society, not the individual that needs to change and do what is required, so that everyone can function in society. As this statement from the Green Party Manifesto claims that “Disability is a social phenomenon” and “While many individuals have physical or sensory impairments or learning difficulties or are living with mental health problems, it is the way society responds to these which creates disability” (2010). The aim of this paper is to consider the strength of this view. With the help of modern and contemporary sociological theory surrounding disability and health it will look at both the medical and social models of disability with the aim to conclude whether disability is a problem that needs to be addressed by medical professionals alone or by society as a whole.
Disability is defined as a long term condition that restricts an individual’s daily activities (Government of Western Australia Department of Communities, n.d.). A disability can be identified in numerous types which are physical, sensory neurological and psychiatric. Due to the assistance with appropriate aids and services, the restrictions experienced by individuals with a disability may be overcome. However, the ways society perceives disability may have a significant impact on individuals living with it and also families around them. Therefore, the aim of this essay is to reflect on the social construction of disability through examining the social model of disability and how it may impact on the lives of people living with disability.
Because of the ambiguity of the definition, there is a requirement to have the social model to help to provide the answers. As the social model illustrates how the social institutions, labels, and stereotypes impact the perceived abilities of a disabled person, it is shown that the definitions of what is “normal”, “good”, and “functional” all come from the current society in which the person lives. Additionally, as culture and these definitions change with time and new ideologies and technological advances, what defines a disabled person will also change with time. This is also true across cultures as there may be different requirements to be considered “functional” or in good health in other cultures. For instance, a man unable to walk may not be as hindered in his freedom of movement if he is only required to stay in a small local area, such as a village, in comparison to a large city. However, it is also important to point out that the social model requires the medical model as well because the social model fails to focus on the individual at a more micro level. A person may see others in a similar circumstance and react in a different
The World Health Organisation, WHO, (1980) defines disability in the medical model as a physical or mental impairment that restricts participation in an activity that a ‘normal’ human being would partake, due to a lack of ability to perform the task . Michigan Disability Rights Coalition (n.d.) states that the medical model emphasizes that there is a problem regarding the abilities of the individual. They argue that the condition of the disabled persons is solely ‘medical’ and as a result the focus is to cure and provide treatment to disabled people (Michigan Disability Rights Coalition, 2014). In the medical model, issues of disability are dealt with according to defined government structures and policies and are seen as a separate issue from ordinary communal concerns (Emmet, 2005: 69). According to Enabling Teachers and Trainers to Improve the Accessibility of Adult Education (2008) people with disabilities largely disa...
...eglected social issues in recent history (Barlow). People with disabilities often face societal barriers and disability evokes negative perceptions and discrimination in society. As a result of the stigma associated with disability, persons with disabilities are generally excluded from education, employment, and community life which deprives them of opportunities essential to their social development, health and well-being (Stefan). It is such barriers and discrimination that actually set people apart from society, in many cases making them a burden to the community. The ideas and concepts of equality and full participation for persons with disabilities have been developed very far on paper, but not in reality (Wallace). The government can make numerous laws against discrimination, but this does not change the way that people with disabilities are judged in society.
French, S. & Swain, J. 2008. Understanding Disability: A Guide for Health Professionals. Philadelphia: Churchilll Livingstone Elsevier: 4