Social Determinants of Interpersonal Violence and Health

Ans-1 Social determinants of interpersonal violence
Relatively high rates of violence have been reported over the years among members of certain ethnic and racial groups and urban inhabitants. African Americans and Native Americans have comparatively high rates of assaultive interpersonal violence and homicide. Big cities continue to experience high rates of violence, focussed mainly among young black males in the United States.
Immigrant groups, especially second and third generations, have higher rates of delinquency and violence than the more privileged and settled ethnic groups that moved earlier to the US. The idea that particular ethnic, racial, or class groups have high rates of violence because of their cultural values also has become a key concept that ties and incorporates many challenging theories of interpersonal violence. The uneven possibility to violence is thought to be quite understandable for dysfunctional persons who belong not only to maladjusted families but also within defective or peculiar cultural or racial contexts. For example, violence among blacks is higher in single parent, female headed families (Sampson et al., 2005).
Considering personal relationships such as those with family, friends, intimate partners and peers may also influence the risks of becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence. For example, a poor relationship with parents and family, having violent and abusive friends may influence a young adult to get involved in or become a victim of violence.
Psychological violence which includes intense and repetitive humiliation, controlling the actions or behaviours of the partner; through psychological stress and pressure or manipulation leads to the impairment of the individual. Male domin...

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...increased homelessness, poverty, overcrowding, disruption in family structures and loss of social support, all of which are risk factors for mental disorders. Rising numbers of people all over the world are exposed to armed conflicts, wars and disasters, leading to migration, displacement, homelessness and poverty. People exposed to violence are more likely than others to suffer from mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, possibly leading to drug and alcohol abuse and increased rates of suicide. Stigma towards some of the mental health disorders among certain cultures and age groups(consulting psychiatrist for depression in older age groups), lack of knowledge in identifying psychiatric illnesses and risk of over or under diagnosing mental illness, are some of the major public health challenges in global mental health disease burden.