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The advancement of antibiotics in the 20th century
The Discovery of Antibiotics
The advancement of antibiotics in the 20th century
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What if no one ever invented soap or hand sanitizer? Think about how much more often people would be sick. What about all those germs people could spread just by giving a high five? Since the invention of soap and hand sanitizer, our world is a little bit safer. Hand sanitizer and soap have made it possible for people to kill the bacteria on their hands that might otherwise have harmed them.
Estimated to be around the year 2,800 B.C., Babylonians were the first to master soap making. Soap and warm water are the best way to kill microbes on the body in most situations. Soap comes in two forms. It comes in a bar or a gel. The Egyptians, in 1500 BC, used vegetable oils and animal fats mixed with alkaline salts to make soap (How was soap invented History & Future). There are many steps involved in the manufacturing of soap in today's world. First, the fats and the alkali are melted in a kettle and boiled. The mixtures then thickens. The fat has a reaction with the alkali and produces soap and glycerine. Soap and glycerine are separated and then mixed with salt. Soap rises to the top and glycerine goes to the bottom. Then, manufacturers take the glycerine out and the unused fat is moved. A strong solution is then added to the kettle. The mass is boiled again and the fat turns into soap. Afterward, it is mixed with water and perfume and boiled for the third time. The mixtures separates and the top layer is called neat soap. That layer is seventy percent soap and thirty percent water. The lower layer is called nigre and it has a lot of pollutants. The neat soap is taken out and then it is cooled and shaped. Just look in the bathroom of every establishment and soap will be in there!
Hand sanitizer was invented by Lupe Hernandez of Bake...
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...s which kill cells. Endotoxins are released when the bacteria die. Endotoxins are poisons released by live bacteria. You can treat bacterial infections by taking antibiotic drugs. Antibiotics are one of the most important medical breakthroughs of the twentieth century (Bacterial Infectious Human Diseases and Conditions). The drugs either kill the bacteria or prevent it from reproducing. Penicillin was the first antibiotic. Bacterial infections can be prevented from a young age if children get vaccines. You can start prevention by just washing your hands with soap or hand sanitizer.
Hand sanitizer and soap benefit us in many ways. With these products, you can stop germs from spreading. Maybe someday, somebody will come up with an even simpler solution for killing germs. Until then, keep washing and using hand sanitizer. It is an effective defense against bacteria.
As long as the hand sanitizer contains at least 60 percent alcohol and is used correctly, then it does not matter which form of hand sanitizer is used. Hand sanitizers kill most, but not all of the bacteria and viruses on contact, but it does not work well when there is grime from cooking or gardening because the grime makes a barrier.
Obviously soap and warm water for 20 seconds or hand sanitizer. I will admit I was one of those that didn’t classify “handwashing” as using hand sanitizer, to me washing is soap and water, but it is considered washing and sometimes much more convenient than to be at a sink. But with all that in mind, we also need to remember when it is appropriate to use hand sanitizer. Alcohol based sanitizer kills most of the bad germs, but it does not kill C. difficile, a common healthcare-associated infection that causes diarrhea (CDC, May 5, 2017). If you are caring for a patient with this illness, then you must wash your hands with the real soap and water, no shortcuts! As well as when our hands are visibly soiled. Who wants to walk around with dirty hands anyway? In 2009, Cambridge University did a study correlating on compliance and no compliance with handwashing hygiene and guidelines in hospital care. There were 96 empirical studies, most of which were done in ICU units. They found and overall compliance of 40%. Unadjusted compliance rates were lower in intensive care units (30%-40%0, than in other settings (50%-60%), lower among physicians (32%) than among nurses and before (21%) rather than after (47%) patient contact. The majority of the time, the situations that were associated with low compliance rates were those with a high activity level/or those in which the physician was involved. The majority of the time, the situations that were associated with a higher compliance rate were those having to do with dirty tasks, the introduction of alcohol-based hand rub or gel, performance feedback and accessibility of materials (Cambridge, March
The focus of health care is and has always been, practicing good hygiene, living a healthy lifestyle, and having a positive attitude reduces the chance of getting ill. Although there is not much prevention we can take for some of the diseases but we can certainly practice good hand hygiene to prevent infection and its ill effects. Research proves that hand washing is surely the most easy and effective way to prevent infection in health care. The question for this research: Is Hand washing an effective way to prevent infection in health care? It led to the conclusion that due to the high acuity, high patient: staff ratio, and lack of re evaluation certain units in the health care facilities cannot adhere to correct hand washing guidelines. Hand
...ft on surfaces like the raining on the bus and insects that can bite you and infect you. Since you know you are going to be in contact with them, you have to take precautions not to get sick. The best way to do this is to eat a well-balanced diet making sure your food is cooked properly and handled properly. You should also make sure to wash your hands frequently. You should especially wash them before eating to stop microorganisms from getting on your food and then into your body. You should also thoroughly wash your hands after using the bathroom to prevent the spread of germs. Washing your hands is also important after blowing your nose, coughing or sneezing. You should also wash your hands before and after touching a cut or wound. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that proper hand washing is the best way to prevent the spread of infection.6
“The World Health Organization projects that as drug effectiveness decreases and antibiotic resistance increases, public education becomes more and more crucial” (476) Antibiotics were discovered in 1940 and since have been abused and misused. Between bad practices and lack of proper education antibiotic resistance has been allowed to occur. The only way to combat bacterial infections is with strong patient education and following the correct schedule in taking antibiotics.
Bacteria can be prevented from growing and/or living with the use of antibiotics. Antibiotics combat bacteria several ways by preventing the cell wall from developing properly, protein synthesis hindrance, interferes with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) production by impeding cell division, interfering with outer-membrane and plasma function, killing the cell (Aziz, 2013).
This information makes it clear that the reason that hand hygiene is being consistently advertised as highly important for health workers, visitors, patients and the general public is because we are still not taking steps to ensure that avoidable infections and diseases are in fact avoided.
The studies provided in the literature review prove that. It is believed that hand washing is the best thing to do to kill bacteria but as study show hand sanitizing is more efficient (Michaels, 2014). The experiment mentioned before done at the University College of Health Studies proves that hand sanitizing is the best way to kill bacteria in hands (2015). The best way to prevent hospital acquired infections is to wash hands in situations where it is necessary, like when hands are visibly soiled, and use hand sanitizer in situations that are appropriate. In other words use your judgment. Because studies also show that washing hands too often can have damaging effects to hands it is not recommended to use hand washing only (Michaels, 2014). It takes about 20 seconds to wash your hands and 5 seconds to use hand sanitizer. Such a big difference can be made in the prevention of hospital acquired infections by just performing that very simple task that doesn’t take very long to do and so many lives can be saved as
• Wash your hands often with soap and water. If soap and water are not available, use hand sanitizer. Always wash your hands:
The most effective way to combat pathogenic bacteria which invade the body is the use of antibiotics. Overexposure to antibiotics can easily lead to resistant strains of bacteria. Resistance is dangerous because bacteria can easily spread from person to person. Simple methods for preventing excessive bacterial spread are often overlooked. Not all preventative measures are even adequate. Doctors and patients often use antibiotics unnecessarily or incorrectly, leading to greater resistance. Antibiotics are used heavily in livestock and this excessive antibiotic use can create resistant bacteria and transfer them to humans. In order to reduce resistant bacteria,
Detergent comes from the Latin word detergere meaning to clean, it is defined as a cleansing agent. Therefore, water itself is a detergent. This essay looks at soap and soapless (or synthetic) detergents. Both substances we use everyday and have a big market commercially, they effect everyone. Soaps are made from natural products and soapless detergents are produced chemically, each having advantages and disadvantages.
“Researchers in London estimate that if everyone routinely washed their hands, a million deaths a year could be prevented” (“Hygiene Fast Facts”, 2013, p. 1). Hands are the number one mode of transmission of pathogens. Hands are also vital in patient interaction, and therefore should be kept clean to protect the safety of patients and the person caring for the patient. Hand hygiene is imperative to professional nursing practice because it prevents the spread of pathogens, decreases chances of hospital-acquired infections, and promotes patient safety. There is a substantial amount of evidence that shows why hand hygiene is important in healthcare
Before the days of washing machines, people got dirt out of their clothes by pounding them on rocks and washing the dirt away in streams. Sand was used as an abrasive to free the dirt. Soap was discovered at Rome's Sapo Hill where ashes containing the fat of sacrificial animals were found to have good cleaning powers. The earliest washing "machine" - the scrub board - was invented in 1797.
In order to study and understand pop culture we must first and foremost confront the
Effective hand washing is one of the most effective ways to stop the spread of germs and to keep you from getting sick, because it prevents transmission of pathogens. But what exactly is the most effective way to wash hands?