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The importance of value added tax
The importance of value added tax
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In conclusion, as you can see size does not have a full effect in the world stage. Small states can counteract for their “size” problems by taking advantage and using what they do have. These small states can prevent volatility with strong policies. For example, revenue volatility can be lessened by reducing dependence on trade taxes. Some small states have started to look at other sources of revenue, and many have successfully adopted value-added taxes. In addition to reducing volatility, small states have a great exposure to external shocks therefore, small states should gather adequate reserves or budget extra spending for potential disasters as well as explore insurance coverage. Small states need effective policies that can help them
Some of the advantages of having a federal government are that the national level of government can work on the bigger picture tasks while the state government solve the local and specific issues, so that each departments time can be used wisely and efficiently. Furthermore, if citizens took their everyday problems to the national level, then the national government would be over worked and the citizen might have to travel far to even reach the states capital. Each side of the
Globalization is a force that has affected both unitary and federal systems around the world. Individual states have adapted to trade within these international markets in order to experience economic prosperity. While globalization has affected national economic structures, it has also taken a foothold on public policies within states. However, how these policies are affected varies from state to state. As
Democracy has been the root of a limited government, the system of which government powers are distributed so that one group of leaders do not have too much influence. The limited government has been structured to keep peace amongst all parties that are involved in the government. And under the U.S. Constitution, citizens are given ultimate power by their right to choose their representatives through the democratic process of voting. Each levels of the government are limited as they have their own responsibilities. The city government has the most local level of government as the residents elect a city council and mayor to represent their interest at the city level. All city governments establish housing and health regulations, and are responsible
At the root of Collier’s argument is the notion that all bottom billion countries are stuck in at least one of four developmental traps: conflict traps, natural resources trap, landlocked with bad neighbors trap, and bad governance in a small country trap (...
There are many characteristics that signify a weak state, these features are huge problems for the populations of these states. The problems that weak states face are numerous and manmade, since it is men that have created these problems, it will be men that solve them. Three strategies have been presented that can and should be implemented to strengthen weak states. These strategies are the Tough Love Strategy, the Interior Markets Strategy, and finally, the Infrastructure Rebuilding Theory. Each of these can be implemented separately yet they work best when used together. Weak states are a cancer in the world of politics, a cancer that must be eradicated as efficiently as possible.
As the "principal actor" in the international system the state is primarily concerned with its own survival in a hostile and anarchic world. The state will attempt to amass as many resources as possible to build up its strength. This help ensure that it remains sovereign, and "promotes" the interests of its supporters who are the individuals who make up the state. This is like the quote where a ruler will amass as much power as possible to both stay in power and stay relevant to their supporters by promoting the interests of their supporters. Since a state is basically a group of people the ruler is also a person, however because they are the decision maker of the state they function as a rational actor promoting the interest of the state. Niccolo Machiavelli had this in mind when he argued that a ruler must be prepared to undertake any action that lead to the preservation of the state. This usually means the ruler tries to stay in power so that they can ensure the sovereignty of the state. While there is an international system above the state the most that system can do is to influence the state to act towards its own best interest within that system of other nations and organizations. The state does not act for the system above it, it acts for itself. Lastly, domestic political arrangements are largely irrelevant at the level of the state even if they play a significant part in
This paper will critically analyze and compare the Alberta Protection of Sexually Exploited Children Act and the Child and Family Community Services Act of British Columbia. The hope is to compare both policies, and analyzing the underlying issues in the policies by examining the social, economic, and political factors of both policies. Also, how both policies impact practice and the target group that the policy applies to. Furthermore, how we as social workers use both policies in an anti-oppressive perspective and lens, and the strengths/weaknesses and recommendations of both policies.
The appropriate role of government in the economy consists of six major functions of interventions in the markets economy. Governments provide the legal and social framework, maintain competition, provide public goods and services, national defense, income and social welfare, correct for externalities, and stabilize the economy. The government also provides polices that help support the functioning of markets and policies to correct situations when the market fails. As well as, guiding the overall pace of economic activity, attempting to maintain steady growth, high levels of employment, and price stability. By applying the fiscal policy which adjusts spending and tax rates or monetary policy which manage the money supply and control the use of credit, it can slow down or speed up the economy's rate of growth in the process, affecting the level of prices and employment to increase or decrease.
By arguing who the actor is to be responsible to fit into the position of social laws, public policy expresses itself in term of “public offices within government, and by extension the citizens they represent, choose to do or not to do about public problems” (Kraft & Furlong, 2013, pg. 3) in which public policy is the regulation people are following other than laws and regulations. Due to its complexity, policy cycle has been generated as the end-producer of this policy institutionalism. Implicitly, a number of fundamental elements are to be notified as the most significant factors to focus on how well-designed the policy cycle is by regarding to the aspects policy cycle concentrate on. While we pay attention on analyzing the current existing policy cycle developed by Lasswell, the thought of this certain structural paradigm is the key to unlock this door to encourage us to distinguish what the relationship is between policy cycle and cycle-relevant theories. Starting with the emergence of public policy is to undertake “a technical process and as a facet of the Social” (Hodgson, 2007, pg. 37), which the primary goal of policy cycle facilitates the administrative-management task for public policy by restricting each single stage. In additional, policy cycle has indicated itself as the promoter to evaluate how interactive the relationship is between policy cycle and dual-sided theories. In this paper, I will examine how influential the contribution the policy cycle, Political Opportunity Structure and Group-Grid Cultural Theory has gone through vis-a-vis.
These phenomena can be seen as the shifting trends in the international politics, and we also cannot deny the important roles of non-state actors in doing diplomacy in the international politics. Sub-nation or regional governments – including provinces, districts, and cities – can also be included as non-state actors, where they can transform diplomatic activities and doing a policy decision making process. The sub-nation governments also play important roles in international relations, which they perform really active in some different ways including doing trade and cultural missions abroad, signing agreements and treaties with other non-state actors and foreign states, participating in international networks of the regional cooperation and more (Kuznetsov, 2015, p. 3). These phenomena of sub-nation or regional governments as non-state actors can be called as Paradiplomacy. As mentioned by Rodrigo Tavares, cities and states are the new international actors and the sub-nation entities can be seen as a space where the capital, people, goods, services, and information crisscross and solidify (Tavares, 2016, p. 3). Tavares also stated that nowadays some mayors and governors have exercising economic and political power at their level to fill the vacuum of effective
I am very thankful that Intro to Public Affairs was a course that I had to take during my freshman year at IPFW. I believe that the material that I learned will be very beneficial to not only the rest of my college career but also to my everyday life outside of school. Creating reflections, blogs and even partaking in discussions, has helped me realized I can partake in public policy or at least understand it better.
Smith, M. H. (2006). The natural advantage of nations: business opportunities, innovation and governance in the 21st century. Earthscan.
This paper studies the impact of globalisation on small scale industries, implications of policy changes that occurred at the global, national and sectoral levels, impact on growth of small industry in terms of units, output, employment, production and exports.
Discuss the arguments made by scholars such as Thomas Dye, Hebert Simon, Charles Lindblom and Edward Woodhouse among others, for the need to recognize the limitations of public policies in eliminating socio-economic and political problems.
As the world grows smaller, events in one area have a larger impact on other parts of the world. There is no concept of national borders. Even poverty in some areas affects other areas because of migration and its impact on the world economy. The globalization has impacted positively in rapid information...